Yadda ake amfani da WikiHausa
{Ya Ubangijina! Ka gafarta mini, ka yi tuba a gare ni. Lallai kai ne Mai yawan karɓar tuba, Mai yawan gafara}.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Addu’ar Tashi Daga Majalisi danna nan.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Sallar Walaha danna nan.
An bayyana yadda tsarin siyasa da al’adu suka samo asali daga daular Achaemenid, suka ci gaba da tasiri a zamanin Musulunci, sannan suka sauya zuwa tsarin zamani na Pahlavi kafin a kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran. Wannan bincike ya yi amfani da tarihin gargajiya, nazarin addini da tsarin siyasa don nuna muhimmancin Iran a matsayin cibiyar tarihi da tasiri a duniya.
Ƙasar Iran, wadda aka fi sani da Persia a tarihi, na daga cikin tsofaffin ƙasashen da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen siyasa, al’adu, da addini a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tsoffin masarautu irin su Achaemenid da Sassanid sun kafa tubalin al’adun Farisa, yayin da zuwan Musulunci ya sauya tsarin addini da siyasa.
A ƙarni na ashirin, mulkin Pahlavi ya kawo gyare-gyaren zamani amma ya gamu da ƙalubale daga jama’a, wanda ya haifar da juyin juya halin 1979 da ya kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ayatollah Khomeini. Wannan maƙala za ta bi diddigi a matakai domin fahimtar kafuwar Iran a matsayin ƙasa ta zamani.
Daular Medes (728–550 K.Z.) ita ce ta fara kafa tsarin siyasa a yankin Zagros, kafin a gaji ta daular Achaemenid (550–330 K.Z.) ƙarƙashin Cyrus Mai Girma, wanda ya kafa babbar masarauta ta farko a duniya mai bin doka da adalci. Daular ta Achaemenid ta mamaye yankuna daga Indiya zuwa Masar, ta kafa tsarin gudanar da mulki mai tsari.
Bayan mamayar Alexander the Great, an kafa Daular Seleucid, wadda daga bisani aka maye gurbinta da Daular Parthian (247 K.Z.–224 M.D.), wacce ta dawo da ƙarfin Persia. Daga baya kuma aka kafa Daular Sassanid (224–651 M.D.), wacce ta yi hamayya da Daular Roma da Byzantium, ta kafa harshen Farisa da addinin Zoroastrianism a matsayin ginshiƙai.
A shekarar 651 M.D., sojojin Musulmi suka doke Sassanid, suka kawo ƙarshen daular Farisa ta gargajiya. Iran ta shiga ƙarƙashin Daular Musulunci ta Umayyawa da Abbasawa. Daga baya, an samu dauloli masu zaman kansu kamar Buyids da Safavid (1501–1736), wadda ta kafa Shi’anci (Shi’a Islam) a matsayin addinin gwamnati. Wannan ya tabbatar da bambanci tsakanin Iran da makwabtan ƙasashe na Sunni.
Daular Qajar (1789–1925) ta fuskanci rauni saboda mamayar Rasha da Birtaniya, har aka raba wasu yankuna daga Iran. A 1925, Reza Shah Pahlavi ya kafa Daular Pahlavi, inda ya fara gyaran zamani da ƙarfafa tsarin mulkin mallaka na zamani. Sai dai ɗansa, Mohammad Reza Shah, ya zama ƙarƙashin tasirin kasashen yamma, musamman Amurka, abin da ya jawo ƙiyayya daga jama’a saboda rashin adalci da danniya.
A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, jama’a suka tashi suka kifar da mulkin Shah a 1979. An kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, wacce ta haɗa tsarin dimokuraɗiyya da addinin Shi’a ƙarƙashin Velayat-e Faqih (Jagorancin Malamin Addini). A wannan tsarin, Shugaban ƙasa da Majalisa suna aiki ne ƙarƙashin ikon Jagoran Addini (Supreme Leader). Wannan ya bambanta Iran da sauran ƙasashen Musulmi.
Bayan 1979, Iran ta zama cibiyar siyasa da addini ta Shi’a, tana da tasiri a Gabas ta Tsakiya da ma duniya saboda albarkatun man fetur, gas, da matsayinta a fagen yaƙin ideoloji tsakanin yamma da gabas. Iran ta ci gaba da zama ginshiƙi a harkokin duniya, musamman a rikicin Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Tarihin kafuwar Iran ya sha bamban da kowane ƙasa a duniya, domin ya samo asali daga tsoffin dauloli, ya shiga karkashin Musulunci, sannan ya sauya zuwa tsarin zamani kafin juyin juya hali ya kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci. Iran ta zama ƙasa mai ƙarfi wacce take da tasiri a al’adu, addini da siyasar duniya. Wannan tarihi ya nuna cewa Iran ba kawai ƙasa ba ce, amma cibiyar da take haɗa tsohon tarihi da zamani cikin tsari na musamman.
1. Richard N. Frye, The History of Ancient Iran (Munich: C.H. Beck, 1984).
2. Touraj Daryaee, Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire (London: I.B. Tauris, 2009).
3. Patricia Crone, The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
4. Rula Jurdi Abisaab and Malek Abisaab, The Shi‘ites of Lebanon: Modernism, Communism, and Hizbullah’s Islamists (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2014).
5. Ervand Abrahamian, A History of Modern Iran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
6. Hamid Dabashi, Iran: A People Interrupted (New York: New Press, 2007).
7. Kenneth M. Pollack, The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America (New York: Random House, 2004).
Danna nan don karanta Tarihin Kafuwar Ƙasar Saudi Arabia
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
Sai dai babbar nasara ta kasance a lokacin Sarki Abdulaziz ibn Saud wanda ya kafa daular Saudiyya ta uku a 1932, wadda ita ce ƙasar Saudi Arabia ta yau. Wannan bincike zai yi bayani kan yadda aka gina ƙasar daga matakai daban-daban na tarihi.
Ƙasar Saudi Arabia ita ce cibiyar Musulunci wadda ke da wuraren ibada mafi tsarki: Makka da Madinah. Tarihinta bai tsaya kawai ga addini ba, har ma ya haɗa da siyasa, tattalin arziki, da tsari na zamantakewa. Wannan bincike zai tattauna matakan da suka kai ga kafa ƙasar a 1932, inda za a bayyana dauloli uku na Saudiyya da suka gabata kafin samun daular Saudiyya ta yau.
Daular Saudiyya ta farko ta samo asali ne daga haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Muhammad bin Saud, shugaba daga Najd, da Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, wani malamin addini da ya yi kira da a tsarkake Musulunci daga bidi’o’i da al’adun gargajiya. Wannan haɗin gwiwa ya samar da tsarin siyasa-addini wanda ya ba da damar faɗaɗa iko a cikin Najd da Hijaz. Sai dai daular Usmaniyya tare da taimakon Masarawa suka kawo ƙarshen wannan daula a 1818.
Bayan mutuwar daular farko, Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud ya kafa daular Saudiyya ta biyu a 1824, inda ya mayar da Riyadh a matsayin babban birni. Wannan daula ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ikon Al Saud a Najd, amma ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida da yaƙe-yaƙe da dangin Rashid daga Ha’il. A ƙarshe, dangin Saud suka sha kaye a 1891, lamarin da ya tilasta musu gudu zuwa Kuwait.
A 1902, Abdulaziz ibn Abdul Rahman Al Saud (Ibn Saud) ya dawo daga gudun hijira ya kuma ƙwace garin Riyadh, abin da ya zama matakin farko na kafa daular Saudiyya ta uku. Tsakanin 1913 zuwa 1925, ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa mulkinsa, inda ya mamaye al-Ahsa, Najd, da Hijaz, har ya ƙwace Makka da Madinah.
A 1927, ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Jeddah, Birtaniya ta amince da ikon Ibn Saud a matsayin mai zaman kansa. A ranar 23 ga Satumba 1932, aka ayyana haɗewar dukkan yankuna a matsayin Ƙasar Saudi Arabia, ƙarƙashin mulkin Sarki Abdulaziz ibn Saud.
Bayan kafuwar ta, Saudiyya ta fara samun ƙarfi ne ta fuskar man fetur, wanda aka gano a 1938. Wannan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi arziki, tare da kafa tsarin mulki bisa ga Alƙur’ani da Sunnah. Haka kuma, kasancewar ta da Makka da Madinah ya ƙara daɗa muhimmancinta a duniya.
Tarihin Saudiyya ya ta’allaka da haɗin gwiwar siyasa da addini tsakanin dangin Al Saud da aƙidar Wahhabiyya. Duk da sauyin dauloli na farko da suka sha kaye, ƙoƙarin Sarki Abdulaziz ya haifar da kafa ƙasar Saudiyya ta yau a 1932. Wannan kafa ta sanya Saudi Arabia zama muhimmin ƙasa wajen addini, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin duniya.
1. Madawi al-Rasheed, A History of Saudi Arabia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
2. Alexei Vassiliev, The History of Saudi Arabia (London: Saqi Books, 2013).
3. William Ochsenwald, Religion, Society, and the State in Arabia: The Hijaz under Ottoman Control, 1840–1908 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1984).
4. Joseph Kostiner, The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916–1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
5. Mai Yamani, Changed Identities: The Challenge of the New Generation in Saudi Arabia (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2000).
6. Madawi al-Rasheed, Politics in an Arabian Oasis: The Rashidis of Saudi Arabia (London: I.B. Tauris, 1991).
7. Robert Lacey, The Kingdom: Arabia and the House of Saud (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981).
Karanta Tarihin Abubakar Malami SAN
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
Ina nasiha da ba da shawara ga ‘yan uwa musulmi da mu kula sosai da Alƙur’ani ta wajen haddace shi; da yawan karanta shi, da koƙarin fahimtar ma’anonisa da kuma yin aiki da shi; domin samun tsira da arziki da wadata a duniya da lahira.
Allah ka sa mu dace, Allah ka sanya mu zama ahalinka a halin Alƙur’ani. Amin.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yadda Falalar Zikiri Ya Ke danna nan.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Falalar Zikiri danna nan.
Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga littafin Ingantattun Da Falalarsu; wanda Usman Abubakar Muhammad (Shehu Mansur Dala) ya wallafa shi; Domin karanta cikakken littafin danna nan.
{Da sunan Allah muka shiga, kuma da sunansa muka fita, kuma ga Allah kaɗai, Ubangijinmu, muka dogara}.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yadda Ake Addu’ar Tafiya Zuwa Masallaci danna nan.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yadda Ake Tafiya Sujudah danna nan.
Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga littafin Garkuwar Musulmi Ta Addu’o’i Daga Alƙur’ani Da Sunna; wanda Sheikh Sa’id Ibn Ali Ibn Wahf Al-Kahdani ya wallafa shi; Domin karanta cikakken littafin danna nan.
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
A bisa ɗabi’a ta gadon gida, mutum zai koyi abin da ya tarar ana gudanarwa a gidansu. Hausawa sukan ce, gadon gida alala ga rago, a yayin da Musa Ɗanqwairo ya fara tasawa, sai ya karkata wajen koyon abubuwa na hukunce-hukuncen addinin Musulunci da kuma hidimomin kiɗa da waƙa waɗanda suka shafi wasu harkoi na zamantakewar Hausawa.
Musa Ɗanƙwairo ya fara biyayya ta sanin makamar waƙar baka tun a wajen mahaifinsa, Makaɗa Usman Ɗankwanagga24. A wajen mahaifin nasa ya koyi kaɗa kanzagi da karɓin waƙa da jajircewa a karin waƙa da samar da rauji na waƙa (Gusau, 2019: sh. 10-11).
Haka kuma Musa Ɗanƙwairo ya daɗa gwangwajewa a zuba ɗiya na waƙar baka a biyayyar da ya yi a yayin Halifantakar da ya yi wa wansa Abdu Kurna. Domin himmar Musa Ɗanƙwairo da ƙwazonsa da basirarsa, wansa Sarkin Kiɗan Sarkin Maradun Abdu Kurna, ya naɗa shi ya zama Daudun Kiɗa kuma Ɗangaladimansa.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Musa Ɗanƙwairo a Gayaunar Waƙa danna nan.
Don karanta cikakken bayani a kan Waƙar Shawara Ga Mai Bilicin danna nan.
Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin; Tarihin Rayuwa Da Halifofin Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun A Aiwatarwa Da Sadar Da Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa; wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
A cikin malamai da suka yi rubutu a kan kashe Husain (Radiyallahu Anhu); akwai manyan malamai irinsu su: Al-bagawi da lbn Abid Dunya; amma duk da haka akwai ruwayoyin da ba su inganta ba, har ma da na ƙarya a cikinsu.
Su kuwa waɗanda suke kawo labaran ba tare da wani Isnadi ba, waɗannan su suka fi kawo ƙarerayi. Kamar yadda suke cewa wai ranar da aka kashe Husaini sai aka ga sama ta yi jawur; alhali wannan abu ne da yake faruwa-tun kafin wannan lokacin.
Wai kuma a ranar duk dutsen da aka ɗaga sai an ga jini a ƙarƙashinsa; wai an yi wa zuri’ar Husaini (Radiyallahu Anhu) tsirara an ɗora su a kan raƙuma ko sirdi babu ana ta yawo da su wuri-wuri, ƙarya ne.
Musulmi ba su taɓa kama wata mace daga banu Hashim ba a matsayin ribar yaƙi; sai dai masu son zuciya ba sa rabo da ƙarya.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Wane Ne Ya Ba Da Umarni A Kashe Husaini? danna nan.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Dabarun Yaƙi danna nan.
Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin Gaskiyar Magana Akan Ashura wanda Shehu Mansur Dala ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.
Malami ya fara aikinsa a matsayin lauya mai zaman kansa sannan daga bisani ya shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati, inda ya kasance babban mai ba wa gwamnatin tarayya shawara kan harkokin shari’a. Ya zama mai ba shugaban kasa shawarwari a kan lamuran shari’a da kuma matakan da gwamnatin tarayya ke ɗauka a fannin shari’a.
A shekarar 2015, Abubakar Malami ya zama Ministan Shari’a (Attorney General of the Federation) a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Muhammadu Buhari. A wannan muƙami, ya gudanar da wasu muhimman ayyuka ciki har da gyaran dokoki da kuma kawo sauye-sauye a tsarin shari’a na Najeriya.
Malami ya kasance babban jigo a wajen yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, inda ya ba da gudummawa wajen tabbatar da gudanar da bincike da gudanar da shari’a kan manyan masu laifi.
Malami sananne ne a fannin shari’a da kuma gudanar da mulki, kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta SAN (Senior Advocate of Nigeria), wadda take nuni ga manyan lauyoyi a ƙasar. Har yanzu yana ci gaba da taka rawar gani a fannin shari’a da kuma mulkin Najeriya, inda ya kasance cikin waɗanda suke kariya da tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya.
Kodayake yana da tasiri sosai a harkokin gwamnati da shari’a, Abubakar Malami yana fuskantar ƙalubale kan wasu batutuwa na zamantakewa da siyasa, suna mai bayyana aikin da ya ke yi a matsayin wanda ke da tasiri ga zaman lafiya da ci gaban Najeriya.
Danna nan don karanta Faɗakarwa A Kan Cin Hanci Da Rashawa
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
Ya Allah! Ubangijin sammai bakwai da abin da suka rufe, kuma Ubangijin ƙassai bakwai da abin da suke ɗauke da shi, kuma Ubangijin shaiɗanu da waɗanda suka ɓatar, kuma Ubangijin iska da abin da ta yayyaɗa! Ina roƙon Ka alherin wannan alƙarya, da alherin mutanen da ke cikinta, da alherin abin da ke cikinta. Kuma ina neman tsari da Kai daga sharrinta, da sharrin mutanenta, da sharrin abin da ke cikinta.
Karanta Addu’a Idan Mutum Ya Ga Wani Abu Mai Ban Mamaki
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
سُبْحَانَ اللهِ
Subhanallah
Tsarki ya tabbata ga Allah.
الله أكبر
Allahu akbar
Allah ne Mafi girma.
Danna nan don karanta Addu’a Ga Wanda Yace Maka: Allah Ya Yi Maka Albarka
Edita@rumasau-kallamu