Allurar Da Ake Yi A Jijiya Da Allurar Da Ake Yi A Tsoka (INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION)

A likitance, yin allura shi ne a ɗurawa maras lafiya ruwan magani a jikinsa. Ana yin allura ne ta hanyar amfani da tsinken allura mai siririn rami a tsakiyarsa tare da tsini a ƙarshensa, wanda ake kira “hypodermic needle”. Ita kuma kwalbar da ke ɗauke da ruwan maganin ana kiranta “”vial”, ko ”phial”, ko “flacon”. Shi kuwa zungurun roba mai ɗauke da ruwan maganin da ake zuƙowa, ana kiransa “syringe”.

Akwai nau’ukan tsinken allura masu yawa waɗanda ake yin amfani da su a asibiti. Sun rabu zuwa mayan rabe-rabe kamar haka:

1. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa a cikin tsoka (intramuscular hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a cikin tsokar jikin mutum. Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 20g zuwa 29g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 13mm zuwa 16mm.

2. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa a tsakanin shimfiɗar fata da fata (intradermal hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a shimfiɗar fatar jiki ta sama (epidermis) da shimfidar fatar jiki ta kusa da tsoka (dermis). An fi yin amfani da shi wajen auna bijirewar fata (skin allergies). Girmanta (gauge) yakan kama daga 25g zuwa 30g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 8mm zuwa 13mm.

3. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa a tsakanin shimfiɗar kitse da fata (subcutaneous hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a tsakanin fatar jiki da tsoka. An fi amfani da shi a allurar ciwon sugar (diabetes). Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 25g zuwa 30g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 4mm zuwa 8mm.

4. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa ta jijiyar jini (intravenous hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani kai-tsaye a cikin jijiyar jini. Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 20g zuwa 25g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 4mm zuwa 6mm.

Sa’annan akwai nau’ukan zungurun ruwan allura (syringe) masu yawa waɗanda ake yin amfani da su a asibiti. Sun rabu zuwa mayan rabe-rabe kamar haka:

1. Zungurun ruwan allurar da ake tsirawa a cikin tsoka (intramuscular syringe): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a cikin tsokar jikin mutum. Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 21g zuwa 22g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 1 inch zuwa 1.5 inches.

2. Zungurun ruwan allurar tsoka (IM syringe): An fi yin amfani da shi wajen allurar riga-kafi (vaccines). Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 21g zuwa 23g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 1 inch zuwa 1.5 inches.

3. Zungurun ruwan allurar da ake tsirawa a tsakanin shimfidar kitse da fata (subcutaneous syringe): Ana amfani da da shi a allurar ciwon sugar (diabetes). Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 25g zuwa 27g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 5 inches zuwa 8 inches.
Likita yana yanke shawarar zaɓen irin allurar da za a yi wa maras lafita ne bisa la’akari da abubuwa masu yawa, kamar yanayin maganin, nau’in rashin lafiyar, halin da maras lafiyan yake ciki, shekarun maras lafiya, sauri ko rashin saurin da ake buƙata wajen tasirin maganin, da sauransu.

YIN ALLURA A JIJIYAR JINI (INTRAVENOUS INJECTION)

Allurar jijiyar jini, wacce ake taƙaita sunanta da IV, ana yin ta ne idan likita ya ga akwai buƙatar samun tasirin maganin cikin gaugawa (immediate response to medication). Don haka, idan aka yi allurar IV, to, an kaucewa dogon lokacin fara aikin allurar. Ma’ana, za ta shiga cikin jini kai-tsaye ta fara aiki. Idan za a yi wa mutum ƙarin jini (blood transfusion) ko ƙarin ruwa (rehydration theraphy), to, a jijiya ake sanya allurar. Yawanci allurar jijiya ana yin ta a hannu ne.

Matsaloli (complications) da ake samu idan aka yi kuskuren allurar IV su ne; kumburin jijiya (phlebitis), shigar maganin cikin tsoka (infiltration), toshewar jijiya (embolism). Kura-kuran IV da ke kawo waɗannan abubuwan su ne tsira allurar ba daidai ba (wrong angle needle insertion), rashin tsabtace wurin allurar (non-sterilization of injection site), yin amfani da tsohuwar allura (use of dirty needle), ɗura ruwan magani fiye da kima (medication overdose), amfani da ruwan maganin da bai dace ba (wrong use of medication), da sauransu.

YIN ALLURA A CIKIN TSOKA (INTRAVENOUS INJECTION)

Allurar tsoka, wacce ake taƙaita sunanta da IM, ana yin ta ne idan likita ya ga babu buƙatar samun tasirin maganin cikin gaugawa (non-immediate response to medication). Ma’ana, ana buƙatar maganin ya je cikin hanta kafin ya dawon cikin jini, kuma ya riƙa yin aiki kaɗan-kaɗan na dogon lokaci. An fi yin alluar IM wajen riga-kafi (vaccines), ko kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (antibiotics), ko kashe raɗaɗi (pain relief).

Idan za a yi allurar IM, ana tsira allurar ne a tsaye ba tare da karkacewa ba (90-degree angle), sa’annan a ɗura ruwan maganin a cikin tsoka. Matsaloli (complications) da ake samu idan aka yi kuskuren allurar IM su ne, kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta (infection), jin zafi (pain), zubar jini (bleeding), taruwar gunya (abscess), da sauransu. Kurakuran IM da ke kawo wadannan abubuwan sune dura ruwan magani da sauri (injection at once), taɓo ƙashi (hitting a bone), taɓo jijiya (hitting a vein), rashin tsabtace wurin allurar (non-sterilization of injection site).

RUWAN MAGANIN ALLURAR JIJIYA (MEDICATIONS FOR IV INJECTION)

Ruwan maganin allurar jijiya suna da yawa. Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:

a. Maganin ƙarin ruwan jiki, kamar normal saline, lactated Ringer’s solution, da dextrose solutions.

b. Maganin ciwon cancer (chemotherapy drugs).

c. Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (antibiotics), kamar penicillin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, da vancomycin.

d. Ƙarin jini (blood transfusions), kamar packed red blood cells, platelet concentrates, da fresh frozen plasma.

e. Maganin ciwon zuciya (heart disease), kamar nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, da anti-arrhythmics.

RUWAN MAGANIN ALLURAR TSOKA (MEDICATIONS FOR IM INJECTION)

Ruwan maganin allurar jijiya suna da yawa. Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:

a. Maganin riga-kafin mura (influenza vaccine), kamar afluria quadrivalent, flulaval quadravalent, da fluzone intradermal quadrivalent.
b. Maganin riga-kafin tetanus (tetanus vaccine), kamar tetanus toxoid vaccine ko tetanus immunoglobulin.

c. Maganin kashe raɗaɗi (pain relievers), kamar morphine, fentanyl, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), da corticosteroids.

d. Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (antibiotics), kamar penicillin, cephalosporins, da aminoglycosides.

e. Maganin ƙara jini (transfusions), kamar vitamin B-12 shots, Iron supplements ko erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA).

Daga ƙarshe, ya kamata mu fahimci cewa na rubuta wannan maƙalar ne domin wayar da kan masu neman sanin makamar aikin allura, ba za a fahimci ainihin yadda al’amuran allura suke ba, sai an je makaranta, kuma an lizimci yin nazarin littattfan pharmacology. Allah ya taimaka, amin.

Danna nan don karanta Magance Laulayin Da Magungunan Tazarar Haihuwa Suke Haddasawa

Edita@rumasau-kallamu