Author: Khadija Yusha’u (Amira)

Juyin mulkin soja da aka yi a 1983 ya faru ne a bikin sabuwar shekarar. Haɗin gwuiwar wasu manyan hafsoshin sojojin Nijeriya ne, suka yi haɗin gwuiwa, kuma hakan ya haifar da kifar da Jamhuriyar Nijeriya ta biyu da kuma sanya Manjo Janar Muhammadu Buhari a matsayin Shugaban Ƙasa. Juyin mulkin soja na Muhammadu Buhari jim kaɗan bayan sake zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a 1984 ana ganin sa a matsayin wani ci gaba mai kyau. Buhari ya yi alƙawarin manyan gyare-gyare, amma gwamnatinsa ba ta yi kyau sosai fiye da wanda ta gabata ba. An hamɓarar da gwamnatinsa da wani juyin mulkin soja a 1985.

An hambarar da Janar Buhari a shekarar 1985, bayan juyin mulkin soja, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Ibrahim Babangida, wanda ya kafa Majalisar Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa kuma ya zama shugaban sojoji da kwamandan sojoji a manyan hafsoshin sojojin. A 1986, ya ƙafa Ofishin Siyasar Najeriya a 1986 wanda ya ba da shawarwari ga sauyawa zuwa Jamhuriyar Nijeriya ta Uku.

A cikin 1989, Babangida ya fara yin shirye-shirye don sauyawa zuwa Jamhuriyar Nijeriya ta Uku. Ya ba da izinin kafa jam’iyyun siyasa, sannan ya ƙirƙiro da tsarin jam’iyyu biyu, tare da Social Democratic Party (SDP) da Babban Taro na National Republican Council(NRC) gabanin babban zaben shekarar 1992 Ya buƙaci dukkan ‘yan Nijeriya da su shiga dukkan ɓangarorin, waɗanda marigayi Cif Bola Ige ya ambata da “hannayen kuturu guda biyu.” -A sashe biyu ɗin sun kasance shawarwarin ofishin Siyasa ne.

A watan Nuwamba 1991, bayan da aka gudanar da ƙidaya, Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa (NEC) ta sanar a ranar 24 ga Janairun 1992 cewa duka majalisun dokoki biyu na babban taron ƙasa da na shugaban ƙasa za a yi a ƙarshen shekarar. An karɓi wani tsari na jefa ƙuri’a, wanda ake kira zaɓi na A4. Wannan tsari ya ba da shawarar cewa duk wani ɗan takarar da yake buƙatar wucewa ta hanyar karɓar duk zaɓaɓɓun mukamai daga Ƙaramar Hukuma, Gwamnatin Jiha da kuma Tarayya.

Babangida ya tsira daga yunƙurin juyin mulkin Nijeriya na 1990, sannan ya jinkirta sake komawa ga alkawarin da aka yi wa dimokiradiyya zuwa shekarar 1992. Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1993 da aka yi a ranar 12 ga Yuni, na farko tun bayan juyin mulkin soja a 1983. – ya nuna ‘yan takarar Moshood Abiola da Babagana Kingiɓe na Social Democratic Party (SDP) sun kayar da Bashir Tofa da Slyvester Ugoh na babban taron Jam’iyyar National Republican (NRC) sama da miliyan biyu da dubu ɗari uku.

Ko yaya, Babangida ya soke zaɓen? Wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar fararen hula da suka rufe ƙasar cikin makonni. A watan Agusta na 1993, Babangida daga ƙarshe ya cika alkawarinsa na miƙa mulki ga gwamnatin farar hula, amma ba kafin naɗa Ernest Shonekan, shugaban gwamnatin rikon kwarya, An ɗauki tsarin mulkin Babangida a matsayin mafi cin hanci da rashawa, kuma yana da alhakin ƙirƙirar al’adar cin hanci da rashawa a Nijeriya.

A ƙarshen shekarar 1993, gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Shonekan, ta taƙaice a tarihin siyasar ƙasar nan a cikin juyin mulkin soja a shekarar 1993, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Sani Abacha, wanda ya yi amfani da ƙarfin soja wajen daƙile ci gaba da tashin hankalin farar hula. A 1995, gwamnati ta rataye masaniyar muhalli Ken Saro-Wiwa kan zarge-zargen kashe-kashen da ya yi wa dattawan Ogoni hudu.

An gabatar da ƙarar ne a ƙarƙashin dokar Alien Tort Statute a kan Royal Dutch Shell da Brian Anderson, shugaban kamfanin na Shell na Nijeriya, sun yanke hukunci, ba tare da yanke hukunci ba a yayin da Shell ke ci gaba da musanta alhakin. Da yawa  miliyan dala asusun da aka gano zuwa Abacha an gano su a 1999.

Wannan tsarin mulki ya kawo ƙarshe a shekarar 1998, lokacin da azzalumin sarki ya mutu a cikin gari. Ya saci kuɗaɗe don kashe asusu a bankunan yammacin Turai sannan ya sha alwashin shirya juyin mulki ta hanyar kamewa da karɓar janar da ‘yan siyasa. Wanda ya gaje shi,shi ne Janar ABDULSALAM ABUBAKAR, ya amince da sabon tsarin mulki a ranar 5 ga Mayu 1999 wanda ya ba da damar gudanar da zaɓuka masu yawa.