Tag: yadda ake

Wayewar Kan Ɗan Adam 3

Catal Huyuk

Catal Huyuk (Hill at Fork in the Road) wannan wurin yana ƙasar Turkey inda aka sani da Anatolia (Ancient-ta daɗeɗɗen lokacin) a kusa da shahararen garin Konya. A shekarar 1961 aka fara tono wannan mazauni na mutane wanda ya fi shekara 9500. Wannan wuri yana tsakanin tsaunuka (hills) biyu kuma abubuwan da aka tono sun nuna cewa mutane sun fara zama a babban gari kafin a wannan ƙasa Mesopotamia.

Saboda haka wataƙil idan bincike ya tabbata nan gaba wannan ƙasar ita ce za ta zama tushen Wayewar Kan Dan Adam. An tono gidaje 160 kuma ana zaton mazauna garin sun kai mutum 2,500. Gidajen ana shigarsu ne da tsani ta sama, idan an shiga sai a ɗauke, kuma babu tituna ko hanyoyi a tsakanin gidajen. An sami zane da fenti kalolin ja da baƙi da fari.

Masana suna zaton mazauna wannan wuri mafarauta da manoma ne saboda kayayyakin da aka samu kuma ƙasar wurin na da albarka saboda tana kusa da tabkin Carsamba. An sami sassaƙen abin bauta mai kan namiji da mace wanda yasa wasu suke zaton daidaiton maza da mata a wannan babban mazaunin mutane. Kuma kusa da wannan wurin an tono abubuwa a Nevalli Cori da Gobekli Tepe wanda ana ganin cewa mazaunin Neolithic ne shekara kamar 10000 zuwa 11500.

An kuma samu abubuwa da suka nuna harkar noma da kiwo. A Gobekli Tepe a dutsen Taurus an tono wurin bauta (cult sanctuary) kuma babban wuri wanda a ƙalla ana zaton mutum 500 suka yi aikinsa sun buƙaci kayan aiki masu da kuma tsarin gudanawar (logistics). A wani gari Hacilar kusa da Catal Huyuk an sami wata tukunya da aka yi ta kamar kan ɗan Adam wadda ta fi shekara 7500 (Hattstein 2009: 12-15).

Mesopotamia

Wayewar kan ɗan Adam ta fara ne daga lokacin da ya fara noma a ƙalla shekara 10000 a kusa da kogin Nile ta ƙasar Misira (Egypt) (Guest 1979: 5). Amma wasu masana tarihi irin su McNeil (1967: 11) suna da ra’ayin cewa a Mesopotamia aka fara noma tsakanin shekaru 10000 da kuma 8500 da suka shige.

A wannan lokacin mazauna Mesopotamia ana kiransu Sumerians sun fito daga Arewa kuma su “Caucasians” ne ba “Semites” ba ne wanda suka zo daga baya daga ƙasar Larabawa kuma suka mallaki ƙasar (Clement 1936: 71). Sumerians sun fara sarrafa muhallinsu da noma da kuma kiwo. Sun zo wannan wuri daga wasu ƙasashen saboda ni’imar wurin kuma kafin su fara noma su ma kiwo da kuma tara abubuwan tsirrai suke yi sannan kan su waye suka fara kafa ƙauyuka (Haughen 2009: 45).

Sun fara noman alkama da barley. Dabbobin su kuma su ne tumakai da awaki. Noman da suka fara shi ne ake kira da “slash and burn agriculture” wato idan ni’imar wuri ta ƙare sai su bar wurin su matsa gaba zuwa wasu shekaru kafin su dawo wurin.

Wannan irin noma ya faru ne a wuraren da suke da ruwan sama. Wuraren da babu ruwan sama kuma mutanen sun dogara da ruwan kogunan Euphrates da Tigris. Saboda haka suka ƙirƙiro dabarun ɗauko ruwa daga koguna zuwa gonaki a bakin kogunan. Wannan babban aiki ne mai buƙatar dubunnan mutane da kuma ƙwarewa da tsarin zamantakewa saboda abin ya fi ƙarfin ɗaiɗaikun magidanta.

Kafin wannan tsari magidanta suna noma kawai na abincin da zai ishe su kowa yana zaman kansa, sai dai kawai abubuwan da suka shafi biki da kuma tarukan addini. Amma noma a bakin koguna yasa tsarin zamantakewa ya canja. Ma’aikata sun ƙaru kuma dole aka samar da yanayin gudanar da aikin da samun masu ƙwarewa a harkar tafiyar da mutane (managerial elite).

Babu wanda yasan lokacin da aka fara samun ƙwararru amma dai ana zaton cewa lokacin da mutane suka fara yaƙar juna daga nan wasu suka fara nuna ƙarfinsu da ƙwarewarsu. Sannan kuma wanda suke da ilmin addini na wancan lokacin su ma suka fara bayyana kuma an hankali addinin mutanen Mesopotamia ya fara ƙarfi da ire-iren ibadunsu. Masu kula da sha’anin suka sa mutane suka fara yi wa abubuwan bautarsu hidima (McNeil 1967: 13).

An samu bayani irin na zane yadda rayuwa ta kasance a wani gari mai suna Lagash. Wannan gari an raba shi gida uku (ko ɓangarori uku) daidai da harajin da magidanta suke biya ga abin bautarsu a wannan lokaci. Masana tarihi sun yi bayani cewa harajin da mutanen garin ke biya ya fi ƙarfin kuɗin da suke samu daga amfanin noman damina.

Saboda haka dole su yi wani aikin ƙarfi a cikin shekarar don su biya harajin da shuwagabanin addininsu suka ɗora musu. Wannan yasa an ƙirƙiro noman rani (irrigation) mutane suna yin aiki a wuraren noman ana biyansu daga harajin da suka biya na kayan noman damina. Wasu kuma suna yin wasu ayyukan da shuwagabanin addinin suka sa su.

Wannan ayyuka da aka ƙirƙiro sun sa mutane sun bambanta a ƙwarewa iri-iri, kuma aka fara sana’oi kamar ƙirar gwal, sarrafa katako, ɗinki, zanen gidaje, kaɗe-kaɗe, waƙa da sauran abubuwan nishaɗi don farantawa abubuwan bauta.

Waɗannan ma’ikata ba sa yin noma saboda haka sun sami lokaci na ƙwarewa akan ayyukansu don ba su raba hankalinsu. Wannan yasa wayewar kai ta bayana a wannan garuruwa da suka kafu a tabkin Tigris da Eupharates 5000 zuwa 6000 lokacin da aka fara rubuta abubuwan da suke faruwa a wannan ƙasar ta Mesopotamia.

Danna nan don karanta Wayewar Kan Ɗan Adam 2

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

23/01/2025
Abin Da Ya Kamata Mu Sani

Gwargwadon girman tumbinka ko girman tumbinki haɗe da girman hips, gwargwadon kusancinku da ciwon zuciya. Ma’ana ƙarin girman tumbi ko hips ƙarin hatsarin gamuwa da bugun zuciya. Haka ma haɗuwa da hawan jini da ciwon sugar duk. Tumbi abu ne mai sauƙin tarawa sai dai kwai wahalar narkarwa, sai mutum ya yi da gaske.

Don haka kar a yadda a riƙa cin abinda ba a iya yin aikin da jiki zai ƙone ya narkar da shi, wato kar cin abincinka ya fi motsa jikinka. Shan taba sigari ba abu ne mai kyau ba ga lafiyar jiki. To kamar haka ma shan sugar yake. Shan zaƙi haka kurum don jin daɗi fiye da ƙa’ida illar da sugar take wa jiki tamkar irin na me shan taba sigari ne. Don haka ai hankali da zaƙi.

Galibin mutane sun fi tsayi da safe sanda muka wayi gari, yayin da in rana ta yi zuwa dare tsayin mu kan ragu zuwa daidai yadda yake. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon sanda muka farka daga bacci duk gaɓoɓin mu inda gurin-guntsi (cartilage) yake ya yi relaxing ya taso saboda ba nauyi kansa na awoyi, kamar yadda in ka matse soson katifa yake laƙumewa’ in kuma ka sake shi ka ga ya taso. Wannan tasa a ƙalla da safe tsayin mu kan ƙaru, kafin mu yi zirga zirga mu ƙara lotse cartilages ɗin.

Yayin musayar iska galibi mukan zaci da ƙofofin hancin mu biyu muke shaƙar iska tare da fitar da ita. Amma a zahiri hanci ɗaya ne ke aiki, idan ɗaya ya yi aiki a ƙalla awa 7 sai a sauya ɗaya hancin ya yi “taking over” zuwa wasu awa bakwai ɗin. Allah gwani, kuma ku gwada kara hannunku saitin hancinku ku buso iska daga hancin ku za ku ji alamun ta fi ƙarfi a hanci ɗaya ko kuwa hanci ɗaya ke sakinta da ɗumi.

A ilmance maza sun fi mata yawan mantuwa. Kurum mazantaka ce take sa a ga kamar maza ba su da mantuwa, amma sun fi mata, saboda sashin da ke sarrafawa tare da riƙe abubuwa ko hadda wato “Shifokamfos” na Maza ya fi saurin fara zaizayewa ko da yayin da aka fara cimma shekarun tsufa.

Mutane masu yawan cin jan nama: naman rago, akuya, tunkiya, shanu, ds. Sun fi warin gumi. Don haka in kana fuskantar warin jiki kuma ka auna ka ga cewa eh kai ɗin mayen cin nama ne to ka ɗan ɗaga kafa ka auna ka gani, za ka ji warin ya fara raguwa, ka fi daɗin ƙamshi.

Yayin da muke motsa jiki a ƙoƙarin mu na ƙone kitse saboda ƙiba ko jin daɗin jiki, a kwana a tashi mukan ga tasirin cewa jikin na raguwa. Wasu kan ɗauka ko ta hanyar zufa, fitsari ko bayan gida kitsen ke fita har mu rage nauyi. Amma a zahiri ta huhu wato “lungs” ta nan muke ƙone kitse kaso 84% cikin 100. Yayin da kaso 16% ɗin ne kacal ke fita ta hanyar fitsari, bayan gida, zufa, hawaye ko miyau ds.

Saboda yayin motsa jiki numfashin mu na ƙaruwa wanda hakan ke sa jiki na sarrafa kitsen zuwa gurɓatacciyar iskar da muke fitarwa wato carbon dioxide. Don haka ba a son ƙin sakin jiki a yi numfashi ko rufe baki yayin exercise.

Wani bincike ya tabbatar da matan da ke sanya takalmi me tsini ko tudu “High heels” yayin shiga kasuwa ko super market sayayya… sun fi iya zaɓen abubuwan da suka kamata a sanda suka je sayayyar fiye da wanda ba irin takalmin suka sa ba. Saboda sukan sami balance cikin kwakwalwar su ta hanyar yin komi daidai ɗagwas-ɗagwas, “Wearing heels helps you make better choices”

A yayin da mata kan tserewa maza sa’oinsu da tazarar shekara 5 na rashin saurin mutuwa. Haka mutane masu amfani da dama suka tserewa masu amfani da sashin hagu da shekara tara. Don haka masu rubutu da hannun hagu, ƙwallo da ƙafar hagu tare da sauran abubuwa galibi na riga sa’oinsu masu amfani da Dama saurin mutuwa da shekara 9 a wani binkice da nazari da aka gudanar.

Masu juna biyun da a zahiri suka fi kazar-kazar da motsa jiki ba tare da yawan lafkewa ba sun fi haihuwar yara masu hazaƙa da kaifin ƙwaƙwalwa. Aiki cikin matsi da rashin hutu wato “stress” kaɗai a karan kansa na kusanta mutum zuwa ga kamuwa da ciwon sugar. Don haka a koyi ragewa kai hayaniya, a riƙa hutawa.

Ciwon wuya, kafaɗa, ko hannuwa, wasu lokutan ba sai lallai an bugu ko an kwanta ba daidai ba ne suke faruwa. Damuwa tare da fargaba na daga abinda kesa a wayi gari da su ko da ba abinda ya sami jiki. Don haka masu fama da depression kuke magana, ku nemi tallafin shawarwari. Da yawa murmushi suke amma a ƙasan zuciyarsu kuka suke.

Domin karanta Ciwon Mara danna nan
Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

23/01/2025
Akan Wacce Ƙasa Ake Yin Noma?

Wannan tambaya ce mai kyau, saboda ba a kan kowace ƙasa ake shuka kowace shuka ba. Dalili kuwa shi ne, akwai shukar da take buƙatar ruwa sosai, da kuma wacce ba ta buƙatar ruwa sosai.

Sannan kuma, a tabbatar cewa, ƙasar wajen da za a yi shukar, tana da kyau, kuma tana da ruwa sosai. Haka kuma, za a iya gwada ƙasar wajen, tun kafin a yi shuka a kanta, don tabbatar da irin launin abincin da za a iya shukawa a kanta, ta hanyar tona rami da cika shi da ruwa. Idan ruwan ya shanye a cikin sa’a guda, to ƙasar gonar tana da kyau.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙasar da ake yin shuka a cikin su, sun rabu gida uku kamar haka:

1. Ƙasa mai laushi (ta fi dacewa da shukar kayan lambu ko shinkafa).

2. Ƙasa mai yashi (ta fi dacewa da shukar gero, dawa da sauransu).

3. Ƙasa mai tsakuwa (ta fi dacewa da shukar barkono da sauransu).

Saboda haka, ƙasa mai laushi, ita ce ƙasa mafi kyau ga shukar kayan lambu, saboda tana haɓɓaka kusan kowane nau’in kayan lambu. Amma kuma, wannan ba yana nufin, ba za a iya shuka kayan lambu a wasu ƙasar ba, sai dai shuka a kan irin wannan ƙasar, ta fi dacewa.

Danna nan don karanta dabarun noman zamani

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

23/01/2025
Tsarabar Makon Sahabbai 2025

SHIRYAWAR GIDAUNIYAR ALHAWARIYYUN KANO

Ya Ilahu ka ba ni baiwa,
Nai bayani babu tsaiwa,
Wanda za ni faɗa wa kowa,
Za a ji shi a yo riƙewa,
In ko na mutu ai tunawa.

Ƙara tsira gun Rasulu,
Wanda bin Sa fa ba hululu,
Sa sahabbai har da alu,
Bin su ba wai ko kwa ƙilu,
Gaskiya zancen riƙewa.

Yau Kano ta yo cikowa,
Ba wurin tsinke sakawa,
Ga magada annabawa,
Malamai ‘yan girmamawa,
Gaskiya suka ambatawa.

Alhawariyyuna su dai,
Sun kira Makon Sahabbai,
Har da mu ‘ya’yan adibai,
An ware komai na baibai,
Gaisuwa ce ke fitowa.

Ga mutane sun halarta,
Wasu na parking a kwalta,
Don su kwashi abin buƙata,
In da mai ja zai jigata,
Gun magada annabawa.

Kun kwa san darajar mazaje?
Ko na kawo nan mu ɓarje,
Har a kau da ɗiyan garaje,
Masu kai duk fal ƙuraje,
Ba su ƙaunar annabawa.

Na sani kun ɗauki haske,
Kan bayani na a waƙe,
Zan bayanina da gaske,
Babu mai sa wa na waske,
Kar ku ce na yo zaƙewa.

Kan su Manzo yai bayani,
Babu mai ƙi ko kwa raini,
Gun su ko zagi na muni,
Shi da su suka rayu ƙarni,
Sun ci sun sha sun ficewa.

Sun karanto wanga dini,
Gun Rasulu da kyan bayani,
Sunka ɗauka har da nuni,
Babu saɓani na launi,
Sai fahimtar girmamawa.

Sun yi auren ‘ya ga Manzo,
Ya biɗo aure da ƙwazo,
Rayuwa suka yo ta ƙwazo,
Ba hijabi ko kwa hazo,
Sun aminta da girmamawa.

Shi fa ja-gaba ne gare su,
Ko a sallah ko gidansu,
Har a nau’in kasuwarsu,
Ba gaba-gaɗi rayuwarsu,
Sai da amsar tambayawa.

Son su dinin Annabina,
In ka bi su ka doshi Janna,
In ka ƙi su wuta ka zauna,
Hawuyar nan mai gudana,
Nan zama nan dauwamewa.

Da ɗayanku fa zai yi kyauta,
Duk da girman ambaton ta,
Ko Uhud dutsen bajinta,
Ba ta kai mudun awonta,
Ko rabin sa ana zubawa.

Wanga zance nai quotation,
Sai ku ɗauka babu tension,
In kuna son education,
Zo Kano nan na yi mention,
Har a Sakkwato ba ragewa.

Rijiya bakinta gane,
Ba wurin wasan su wane,
In ka ja kuma ka ji hau ne,
Za ka zame babu aune,
Rayuwarka ta zam ruɓewa.

Ai maza gumbarta dutse,
Maganin duk masu kutse,
Kan ka ce tak za su rotse,
Babu hujjar rantse-rantse,
Sunka kar arna bajewa.

In kana neman ka tsira,
Kar ka yo aikin fitsara,
Har a ce maka ɗan tijara,
Rayuwarka cikin larura,
Kun ji ‘ya’yan Rafilawa.

In kana neman bugagge
Jahili mai shirya ƙage,
Wanda bai ƙwalwa ta hange,
Sai yawan haushi da zarge,
Ba su fatan girmamawa.

Kai ina wancan na mushe,
Mai gaba-gaɗi wa a tashe,
Mai faɗin kalma a yashe,
Yau yana can rai a toshe,
Wai yana neman sakowa.

Ko a Zariya an rutsawa,
An ka dirtse mai haɗawa,
Masu zagin sahibawa,
Ba su ƙaunar annabawa,
Sai jidalin jahilawa.

Gaisuwa gun malamaina,
Dakta Sani maza gabana,
Rijiyar ilimi a raina,
Malami mai kau da ɓarna,
Ba ya tsoron ambatawa.

In ana magana ta lugga,
Ko hadisi babu birga,
Har a tafsiri ka hanga,
In ka ce shi toshe taga,
Dole sai an sallamawa.

Ga Bashir masani faƙihi,
Ɗan Aliyu Umar fasihi,
Ga bayani gun sa sashi
Ko a lugga Ingilishi,
Zo gaban sa ya kau da wawa.

Dakta Mansur Malamina,
Ba shi son wargi a Sunna,
Ko a Sakkwato in ya zauna,
Babu mai zowa da ɓarna,
Zai baje su da tabbatarwa.

Ga na Labɗo Umar Ubana,
Mai rubutun kau da ɓarna,
Ba shi wasa kare Sunna,
In ka ce kule zo ku zauna,
Ba shi sassauta wa wawa.

Ga Jameel Daktan ƙadimi,
In yana zancen sa ƙaimi,
Za ya ja ka ka kauce rami,
Ga bayani babu lami,
Jinjina gun Zazzagawa.

Ga Ubanmu uban mazaje,
Malaminmu da ke da saje,
Ba ya lamuntar garaje,
Sheikh Wahab Abdul mazaje,
Gaisuwar ka na zazzagowa.

Ai Bahaushe na fa cewa,
Kuskuren daɗi katsewa,
Shi ko sabo ɗauri wawa,
Za mu rarrabu ba jimawa,
Ni fa Hausa nake taɓawa.

In kana neman bayani,
Nawa ni nan zo gare ni,
Ba na gaba ko kwa raini,
Ko gudun mai son ya gan ni,
Don mu gana ba musawa.

Je garin Guru ko Kaduna,
Ko Kano wataran ka zauna,
Ɗan jira ni kaɗan da kwana,
Za ka risken ko da rana,
Ba na ƙyamar mui gamewa.

Ni Nayaya na ce wa dangi,
Bissalamu a wanga ƙangi,
Na sako kowa a tagging,
Ban da mai zargi da zagi,
Gun sahabban girmamawa.

Ibrahim Garba Nayaya,
Asabar 18 Rajab, 1446 (18 Janairu, 2025)

Danna nan don karanta Bikin Karrama Gwarazan Gasar Hukumar Tace Fina-finai Ta Jihar Kano

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

22/01/2025
Ɗabi’ar Daudanci (EFFEMINACY)
Daudanci shi ne namiji ya riƙa yin ɗabi’u irin na mata, maimakon maza ‘yan-uwansa. Daudanci shi ne ake kira “effeminacy” a likitance. Shi kuma ɗan-daudu ana kiransa “effeminate “.

Dalilai na kiwon lafiya (medical reasons) da kuma dalilai na tunanin ƙwaƙwalwa (psychological reasons), waɗanda suke haddasa daudanci suna da rikitarwa matuƙar gaske, sa’annan suna da yawa. Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne, kamar haka:
1. Tasirin Rashin Daidaiton Zubar Ruwan Sinadarai (Hormonal Influences): Rashin daidaiton zubar ruwan testosterone da estrogen da progesterone a cikin jikin namiji za su iya yin tasirin canza masa ɗabi’unsa, har ya koma yana yin ɗabi’u irin na mace. Yawan testosterone da estrogen da progesterone waɗanda ake samunsu a jikin maza yana bambanta bisa la’akari da shekaru, ƙoshin lafiya, da sauransu. Amma idan yawan sinadaran ya saɓawa adadin da aka fi sani da yawa, to, hakan zai iya haifar da matsalar daudanci kamar haka:
- Yawan testosterone da ake buƙata (normal range) shi ne daga 300-1,000 ng/dL (nanograms per deciliter).
- Yawan estrogen (estradiol) da ake buƙata shi ne daga 10-40 pg/mL (picograms per milliliter). Yawan progesterone da ake buƙata shi ne kada ya wuce 1.0 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter). Idan namiji yana da ƙarancin testosterone, to, zai iya zamowa ba shi da ƙwanji irin na maza (reduced muscles mass), yawan kitse (increased body fat), da rashin kazar-kazar (reduced energy levels), kuma hakan zai sanya a yi masa kallon ɗan-daudu. Idan namiji yana da estrogen mai yawa, to, hakan zai iya haifar masa da yin manyan nonuwa (gynecomastia), rashin gashin baki da gemu (hypogonadism), da yin manyan ɗuwawu (steatopygia). Idan namiji yana da progesterone da yawa, to, hakan zai iya sanya masa ɗabi’u irin na mata (emotional sensitivity) kamar saurin kuka, raunin zuciya, rashin iya rigima da mutane, da sauransu. Abubuwan da suke haddasa rashin daidaiton waɗannan sinadaran su ne kamuwa da cututtukan hanta, cancer, yawan ƙiba, laulayin magunguna, rashin motsa jiki, rashin ci da shan abubuwa masu gina jiki, da kuma gado. Ana iya magance rashin daidaiton zubar ruwan sinadaran ne ta hanyar ɗora mutum akan maganin da ya dace, da cin ingantaccen abinci, yin ayyukan motsa jiki.
1. Gado (Genetics): mutum yana iya yin gadon ɗabi’un daudanci daga iyaye ko kanannisa. Ya zuwa yanzu akwai ƙarancin bayanai a kimiyyance akan yadda hakan yake faruwa. Amma masana ilimin kimiyya suna cigaba da yin binciken domin gano yadda a’lamarin yake.
1. Tsari Da Ayyukan Ƙwaƙwalwa (Brain Structure and Functions): sakamakon binciken kimiyya ya tabbatar da cewa akwai bambanci a tsakanin ƙira da ayyukan ƙwaƙwalen mace da namiji. Don haka, idan halittar ta yi kama da ta mace, bisa ga yadda Allah SwT ya yi ta, to, akwai yiwuwar mutum ya riƙa yin ɗabi’un daudanci.
1. Tunanin Ƙwakwalwa Da Yanayin Zamantakewa (Gender Dysphoria, Psychological, and Social Factors): idan namiji ya kasance yana tunanin cewa shi kamar mace yake, ko yana sha’awar ɗabi’un mata, ko ya tashi a cikin muhallin da ba ya hulɗa da maza ‘yan-uwansa sai dai mata, to, akwai yiwuwar ya riƙa yin ɗabi’un daudanci. Maganin wannan shi ne iyaye mu riƙa yin ƙokarin ganin cewa ‘ya’yanmu maza suna yin hulɗa da maza ‘yan-uwansu.
Yana da muhimmanci iyaye mu kiyaye da ɗabi’un ‘ya’yanmu. Idan suka ga namiji yana nuna alamun ɗabi’un daudanci, ko kuma mace tana nuna alamun ɗabi’un ‘yan-mazanci, to, mu ɗauki matakin gane inda matsalar take, domin ɗaukar matakin da ya dace. Ma’ana, mu je asibiti domin a yi bincike a tabbatar da abinda yake faruwa, domin ɗaukar matakin da ya kamata.

Don karanta Muhimman Abubuwan Da Suke Inganta Lafiya danna nan

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu
22/01/2025
Wayewar Farko

Masana tarihi sun kasafa wayewa daga Paleolithic zuwa Neolithic. Ita Paleolithic lokacin farautar dabobi ne da tara kayan tsirrai. Idan suka gama da abubuwan da suke a wuri sai su bar wajan su tafi wani wurin. Saboda haka mutanen wannan lokaci ba su da wayewa, abinda yake gaban su kawai ya za su ci abinci.

Mutane suna fara amfani da kayan da za su sarrafa abubuwan rayuwa (tools) don kashe dabbobi. A hankali kuma suka mayar da wasu dabbobin nasu a gida suka ɗauko su daga daji suna kula da su. Amma kuma mutane ba su zauna a wuri ɗaya ba. Suna tafiya da dabbobin su zuwa wuraren da suka fi ni’ima.

A hankali mutane suka fara noma. Dalilin haka yasa suka yi matsuguni wato gidaje don su zauna. Suka zama manoma kuma suka fara ƙere-ƙere na abubuwa masu amfani. Wannan cigaba ya ɗauki lokaci shekaru dubunnai kuma ba wuri ɗaya ba a duniya. Kowane wuri da irin nasu cigaban.

Masu binciken tarihi sun yi ƙoƙarin gano inda mutane suka fara samun wayar kai da cigaban rayuwa. Sun yi binciken gano a ina mutane suka fara zama. An yi taƙaddama a ina mutum ya fara wayewa? A China ko India ko America? Duk da cewa waɗannan wurare suna da tarihin wayewa ba su kai wasu wuraren daɗewa ba saboda mutane sun waye a wasu wuraren kafin China, India da America saboda ni’imar ƙasa.

Masana tarihi sun daɗe da ra’ayin cewa Misra (Egypt) ita ce ƙasar da asalin wayewar Ɗan Adam ta bayyana. Wannan ra’ayi ya raunana saboda sababin bincike da suka bayyana matsayin wayar kan Ɗan Adam a ƙasar Mesopotamia kafin Misira. Amma tabbatacciyar maganar ita ce mutane sun kasance a wannan ƙasashe wato Mesopotamia da Misara shekaru dubunnai da suka shige saboda su ne tunshen wayewar kan ɗan Adam.

Babu wani masani da ya tabbatar da lokacin da ɗan Adam ya fara wayewa. Amma ana zaton cewa duk inda wayewa ta faru mutane suna ɗaukar ɗabi’un su kai wani wurin. Babu wanda ya yarda cewa wayewa ta samu asali a wuri ne, sannan aka ɗauka aka kai sauran wurare. Duk da cewa ba za a rasa wata alaƙa tsakanin mutanen wurare daban daban ba.

Akwai hujjar cewa Civilization (Wayewar kan ɗan Adam) ya faru ne a wurare shida a lokuta daban-daban kowanne a gashin kan sa. Na farko shi ne na Sumeria (Mesopotamia) wanda ya faru sama da shekara 5500 ba a daɗe ba sai na ƙasar Masar (Egypt), sannan sai na ƙasar India wanda ya bayyana kamar sama da shekaru 4500 bayan wannan kuma sai na ƙasar Crete sama da shekara 4000, China ta biyo baya kamar sama da shekara 3500 na ƙarshe kuma shi ne na kudanci America shekara 2800 (Roberts 12).

A wane abu ne wannan ƙasashen suka yi tarayya? Wataƙila shi ne yasa aka samu wayewa a wannan ƙasashe banda sauran wuraren duniya? Wannan ƙasashe suna Arewacin duniya (Northern Hemisphere) wato arewa da Equator. A dukkansu babu tsananin zafi ko sanyi. Shekara 6000 zuwa 7000 yanayin gabas ta tsakiya (Middle/Near East) ya fi na yanzu sauƙi wato babu zafi a wannan lokacin, haka kuma arewa maso yamman India babu zafi kuma wurin a sannan ba hamada ba ne kuma yana da bishiyoyi da yanayi kore fatau.

Ƙasashen huɗu suna da koguna da ƙasar noma mai albarka wato Mesopotamia mai kugunan Euphretes da Tigris, Egypt mai kogin Nile, India mai kogin Indus da kuma China mai kogin Yellow. Wataƙila wannan shi ne dalilin da yasa wayewar kan Ɗan Adam ta fara bayyana a wannan ƙasashe (Roberts 12-13).

Duk da wannan bayani masana suna taka-tsan-tsan wurin yanke hukunci asalin dalilan wayewar kan ɗan Adam. Amma suna ganin cewa duk inda aikin noma ya haɓaka mutane suna ƙaruwa har su kafa ƙauyuka da garuruwa sannan su fara tunanin sarrafa muhiman abubuwa.

Duk lokacin da mutane suka sami kayan abinci mai albarka da za su iya nomawa sosai suna samun ƙarin arziki a ƙasarsu kamar yadda ya faru a America (ta tsakiya) duk da ba su da koguna kamar sauran ƙasashen (Mesopotamia, Egypt, India da China). Mutanen Crete kuwa ba su da ƙasar noma mai albarka kamar sauran wurare amma kuma kusancinsu da Masar (Egypt) da kuma gabas ta tsakiya ta yiwu ya taimaka musu (Roberts 13).

Bayyanar wayewar kan Ɗan Adam a sauran wurare ba ta wuyar bayani dalili kuwa shi ne alaƙar wannan ƙasashe shida da sauran ƙasashen duniya. Misali daga ƙasar Mesopotamia an samu alaƙa da sauran mutanen gabas ta tsakiya saboda haka suka samu ilmukan wayewa daga wannan asali.

Haka ya faru ma tsakanin India da sauran Asia ta kudu kamar Indonesia. Ita kuma China ta yi tasiri a ƙasashen gabashin Asia. Amma duk da haka wurare kaɗan ne a duniya suka waye a shekaru ɗaruruwa masu yawa saboda rashin tasirin wannan ƙasashe. Ita ƙasar America tana can ƙetare babu alaƙa da sauran wuraren nan (Roberts 13).

Ƙasashen da tunshen wayewar Ɗan Adam ta bayyana suna da albarkar ƙasar ta noma saboda haka mutane suka zauna a cikinsu. Mesopotamia tana da kogunan Euphrates da Tigris inda ƙasar ta samu asalin sunanta me ma’ana ƙasa a tsakanin koguna biyu. Misira (Egypt) kuma tana da kogin Nile.

Waɗannan koguna su ne suke ba da ruwa da yake malale bakin kogunan. Wannan ruwa yana da amfani saboda noma. Kogunan suna kawo taɓo mai inganci. Wannan ruwa da taɓo su ne ke taimakawa noma a waɗannan ƙasashe biyu. Kuma mutane ma saboda su ne suka zauna a waruraren.

Shekaru dubunnai kogin Nile yana tumbatsa ruwa ya malale gefensa kuma idan ya janye barley ta tsuro. Wannan yana daga cikin dalilan da yasa mutane suka yi kakagida a ƙasar. A hankali mazauna wannan ƙasa suka fara noma sauran hatsi kuma suka fara ajiye su a rumbuna irin nasu.

Wayewar kan ɗan Adam ta tabbata a wannan ƙasashe biyu daga nan kuma ta haɓaka zuwa wasu ƙasashen a cikin shekaru ɗaruruwa. An sami cigaba a harkar noman rani (irrigation) da ƙere-ƙere iri-iri da kuma tsarin hukuma (gwamnati). Abin da ya fi kowanne shi ne tsarin rubutu da ɗan Adam ya ƙirƙiro.

Zamani yana tafiya mutanen Masar da Mesopotamia suka fara shiga wasu ƙasashen ƙetare a ɓangaren hayin Mediterranean. Suka kai al’adunsu wannan wuraren daban-daban a tsahon lokaci kuma mutanen suka karɓi al’adun nasu, wannan shi ne mafarin wayewar kai a sauran ƙasashen duniya.

Mutanen Crete a taikun Mediterranean, kudu da Greece suna ciniki da mutanen Egypt kimanin shekara 5000 da suka shige sun fahimci abubuwa wayewar kai daga wurin Misarawa daga nan suka miƙa shi zuwa ƙasar turai (Europe). Wayewar kai ba ta bazu daidai a ko ina a ƙasar Turai a lokaci ɗaya ba.

Kowane wurin da lokacin da suka waye daban misali Crete sun waye kamar sama da shekara 4000, Greece sama shekara 2400. Rum (Rome) ta yi ƙarfi shekara 2200, kuma ƙarfin mulkin Julius Caesar yasa ya kai ziyara Britain shekara hamsin da biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa. A lokacin da ya kai wannan ziyara babu doka da oda a Britaniyya.

Don karanta Wayewar Ɗan Adam 2 danna nan

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

22/01/2025
Awo Mai Ba Da Sakamakon Hoto Na Masu Juna Biyu (SCANNING)

Scanning wata fasahar kimiyyar zamani ce wacce likitoci suke amfani da ita wajen binciken halin da juna biyu ko ɗan-tayi yake cike, kuma sakamakon bincikien yana fitowa ne ta hanyar bayyana hoto ko kuma surar halin da juna biyun yake ciki a jikin kwalbar talabijin (screen).

Wannan fasahar tana tattaro sautin motsi ne (sound waves) wanda yake aukuwa a cikin mahaifar mace mai juna biyu, waɗanda suka shafi tsokar jikin jariri, ƙasusuwansa, bugun zuciyarsa, fatar jikinsa, da kuma ruwan mahaifar da yake kwance a ciki, sai ta mayar da shi hoto kuma ta nuna shi a jikin kwalbar talabijin ɗin. Ma’aikatan lafiya waɗanda suka ƙware akan aikin scanning su ne ake kira sonographers.

Idan mace ta tuntuɓi likita bisa wasu alamomi da take ji ko kuma take gani a jikinta waɗanda ake tsammanin irin na mai juna biyu ne, to, likita zai tura ta ta yi awon scanning domin a tabbatar da hasashen da ake yi. Yawanci likitoci suna sanya mai juna biyu ta yi scanning sau 2 ne kafin ta haihu.

Na farko shi ne wanda ake yi tsakanin makonni 6 zuwa 12 na hasashen samun ciki, kuma ana yinsa ne domin tabbatar da hasashen. Na biyu kuma ana yinsa ne daga makonni 13 zuwa 28, domin a tabbatar da lafiyar halittar jariri da kuma jinsinsa. Amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa scanning 2 kawai ake yi ma mai juna biyu ba. Za a iya yi mata fiye da haka idan buƙata ta taso, musamman idan matsaloli suka bijiro a lokacin da cikin yake yin girma.

SCANNING A ZANGON WATA 3 NA FARKON SAMUN CIKI (FIRST TRIMESTER ULTRASOUND)

Wata 3 na farkon samun ciki su ne daga ranar da mace ta yi al’adarta ta ƙarshe zuwa mokwanni 12 da samun ciki. A wannan zangon, likita yana da hanya biyu da yakan yi scanning:

1. Transvaginal ultrasound. Wannan scanning ne da likita yake yi ta hanyar tura wata ’yar sanda wacce a ke kira transducer a cikin farjin mai juna biyu. Ita transducer ɗin ana shafe ta ne da wani mai me santsi domin kada a yi wa mace rauni, kuma ba za ta ji zafi ba. Transducer tana da hanzarin tattaro sautin motsin mahaifa da abinda yake cikinta. Dalili shi ne domin an tura ta kusa da mahaifar ne. Ingancin transvaginal ultrasound ya fi na scanning ɗin da aka yin shi ta hanyar goga transducer ɗin a saman fatar cikin mai juna biyu, domin ana tura shi transducer ɗin ne kusa da halittar jariri wacce take da ƙanƙanta ƙwarai. Ana yin transvaginal scanning ne idan mai juna biyu tana fama da matsanancin ciwon mara, zubar jini mai yawa, daɗaɗɗiyar matsalar rashin haihuwa, ciwon mafitsara, da ciwon sanyi.

2. Abdominal ultrasound. Wannan shi ne scanning ɗin da ake goga transducer ɗin a saman fatar cikin mai juna biyu, kuma shi mata suka fi sani. Transducer ɗin da ake amfani da ita a irin wannan scanning ɗin tana da bambanci da wacce na faɗa a sama, domin kanta yana da faɗi maimakon tsini.

Abubuwan da ake so a gani idan an yi scanning a zangon first trimester su ne:

1. A cikin mako na 4 za a ga mahaifa ta kumbura (endometrial thickening) ta nuna alamun akwai ajiyar juna biyu a cinkinta. Ana buƙatar kumburin ko kaurin mahaifa ya zama tsakanin 8 mm zuwa 15 mm.

2. A cikin mako na 5 za a ga jaka mai ɗauke da ruwan halittar jariri (gestational sac). Ana buƙatar girman diameter na jakar ta zama tsakanin 5 mm zuwa 6 mm.

3. A cikin mako na 6 za a ga wannan jakar ruwan halittar ta rikiɗe ta zama ƙwanduwa (yolk sac). Ana buƙatar girman ƙwanduwar ta zama tsakanin 3 mm zuwa 5 mm.

4. A cikin mako na 7 da kwana 5 za a ga ƙwanduwar ta rikiɗe ta fara zama gudan jini wanda zai zama tsokar jikin jariri (fetal pole). Kuma lokacin da yake fara motsin bugun zuciya kenan. Ana buƙatar tsawon tsokar jikin jariri ta zama tsakanin 5 mm zuwa 10 mm.

5. A cikin mako 8 bugun zuciyar (fetal heart rate – FHR) zai yi ƙarfi sosai. Ana buƙatar yawan bugawar zuciyar jariri ta zama tsakanin sau 90 zuwa 110 a cikin minti ɗaya.

SCANNING A ZANGON WATA 3 NA BIYUN SAMUN CIKI (SECOND TRIMESTER ULTRASOUND)

Zangon wata 3 na biyun samun ciki su ne daga makonni 13 zuwa makonni 28 na samun ciki. Idan an yi scanning a wannan zangon ana buƙatar ganin yadda jariri yake ci gaba da girma, domin a wannan lokacin ya kamata a ce duka halittar jikinsa ta fito. Gane girman jariri ya ƙunshi:

1. Ƙarfin bugun zuciyarsa (fetal heart movement – FHM). Ana buƙatar yawan bugawar zuciyar jariri ta zama tsakanin sau 110 zuwa 160 a cikin minti ɗaya.

2. Jinsinsa (fetal gender – FG). A wannan lokacin za a iya gane namiji ne ko mace ce. Idan namiji ne, ƙwayar halittar chromosomes ɗinsa za ta zama (XY). Idan mace ce, ƙwayar halittar chromosomes ɗinta za ta zama (XX).

3. Nauyin jikinsa (estimated fetal weight – EFW). Ana buƙatar nauyin jariri ya zama 1 kg zuwa 1.4 kg.

4. Ruwan mahaifa wanda jariri yake cikinsa (amniotic fluid – AF). Ana buƙatar yawan ruwan da jariri yake kwance a cikinsa ya zama tsakanin 25 ml zuwa 400 ml.

5. Girman kewayen jikinsa (abdominal circumference – AC). Ana buƙatar kewayen jikin jariri ya zama tsakanin 9.5 cm zuwa 21.8 cm.

6. Tsawonsa tun daga kai har zuwa ƙafafu (crown rump length – CRL). Ana buƙatar tsawon jikin jariri tun daga sama har ƙasa ya zama tsakanin 68 mm zuwa 254 mm.

7. Yawan harbawar cibiyarsa in an kwatanta ta da harbawar ƙwaƙwalwarsa (cerebroplacental ratio – CPR). Ana buƙatar ya zama 15 compression: 2 breaths.

8. Tsawon ƙashin cinyarsa (femur length – FL). Ana buƙatar tsawon ƙashin cinyar jariri ya zama tsakanin 11 mm zuwa 58 mm.

9. Girman ƙoƙon kansa (biparietal diameter – BPD). Ana buƙatar girman ƙoƙon kansa ya zama tsakanin 14 cm zuwa 71 cm.

10. Lokacin da mace ta ga al’adarta ta ƙarshe (last menstrual period – LMP). Na’urar scanning ɗin za ta lissafa tsawon lokaci daga al’adar mace ta ƙarshe zuwa lokacin scanning ɗin, kuma za ta nuna shi ne a matsayin makwanni.

11. Jariri ba ya girma yadda ya kamata (small gestational age – SGA). Idan nauyin jariri ya zama ƙasa da 2.27 kg, to, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ba ya yin girma yadda ya kamata.

12. Jariri yana girma yadda ya kamata (appropriate gestational age – AGA). Idan nauyin jariri ya zama tsakanin 3 kg zuwa 4 kg, to, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yana yin girma yadda ya kamata.

13. Yanayin kwanciyar jariri a cikin mahaifa (fetal lie presentation). Kwanciyar jariri iri 3 ce (a) kansa a kasa – cephalic presentation (b) kansa a sama – breech presentation (c) kwanciyarsa a gicciye – transverse presentation. Kawnciyar da take daidai ita ce kansa a kasa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa duk lokacin da aka yi scanning (first trimester ko second trimester), to, duk suna nuna sakamakon:

1. Ranar da ake hasashen za a haihu (estimated date of delivery – EDD).

2. Kwanakin da jariri ya yi a cikin mahaifa bayan mace taga al’adarta ta ƙarshe (gestational age – GA).

3. Ruwan mahaifa wanda jariri yake cikinsa (amniotic fluid – AF).

Amma idan sakamakon scanning na farko da na biyu suka bambanta a wajen ranar da ake hasashen haihuwa, to, ya kamata a yi amfani da na ƙarshen, domin shi ne aka yi shi a lokacin da haihuwa ta matso.

SCANNING A ZANGON WATA 3 NA ƘARSHE (THIRD TRIMESTER ULTRASOUND)

Wannan scanning ɗin bai zama dole ba, sai dai idan mace tana da matsala ko kuma tun scanning na zangon wata uku na farko ko zangon wata uku na biyu an gano cewa jaririn yana da matsala. Idan an yi scanning a cikin third trimester, za a ga cewa duk halittar jikin jaririn ta kammala, kuma kamanninsa ɗaya da na jariri sabuwar haihuwa.

A wannan lokacin yana iya ganin lumshin rana ta fatar cikin uwarsa, yana iya jin sauti da hayaniyar da ake yi a kusa da cikin uwarsa, yakan shaƙi ko ya haɗiyi ruwan mahaifa (amma ba a so haka ya faru), yana iya jin zafi ko ƙaiƙayi ko sanyi idan wani abu mai haddasa waɗannan abubuwan ya shiga mahaifar ya taɓa fatarsa.

Danna nan don karanta Awon Juna Biyu

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

21/01/2025
Wayewar Kan Ɗan Adam 2

Wasu masana sun ba da sharaɗai na wayewar kai. Sharuɗan sun haɗa da rubutu, a bisa wannan sharaɗi babu wayewar kai ga mutanen da ba su da rubutu. Wasu kuma sun ƙara da sharaɗin ƙira (technology), a wannan ra’ayin babu wayewar kai ga wanda ba sa gini, ko da dutse ko da ɓangori (brick) (Robert).

Wasu masana irin su Vico sun samu wayewar da ba a rubuta ta ba saboda ya fito da tsari nazarin da zai sa a fahimci irin wannan wayewar (Hughes-Warrington 2015: 324). Sarrafa ƙarfe yana daga cikin alamar wayewar Ɗan Adam saboda cigaban da ya kawo a harkar rayuwa. Ɗan Adam ya fara sarrafa copper ya haɗa ta da lead da tin ta ba shi bronze wanda ya fi ƙarfi (Adler 1996: 10).

Saboda rashin manyan gine-gine masu inganci shi ne yasa suke ganin babu wayewar kai a gururuwan masu bauta gargajiya (pagan) na Arewacin Nijeriya, inda suke gine-gine na ƙasa da kuma yayi, idan aka kwatanta su da ƙasar Masar. Gini ana yinsa don ya daɗe, kamar na ƙasar Masar ba don ɗan lokaci kaɗan ba, kamar na wannan mutanen Arewacin Najeriya.

Wasu masana suna ganin cewa wayewar kai na tabbata ne idan mutane suka yi yawa kuma kowa yana da sana’a ko aiki da kuma ƙwarewa a kai: wasu suna gini, wasu na ƙira, wasu yin tukwane da sauransu kuma sun dogara da wasu su yi aikin samu abinci wato manoma da masunta da kuma mikiyaya.

Duk da wannan sharaɗai babu itifaƙi akan ma’anar wayewar kai saboda ana samun abinda ake ganin wayewar kai ne amma bai cika wannan sharaɗai ba. Saboda haka wasu masana sun faɗa cewa abinda ya dace shi ne a ce wayewar kai na tabbata idan aka samu wasu daga cikin wannan sharuɗan (Roberts 1980: 10).

Wayewar Kai abu ne mai sarƙaƙiya a tafarkin wayewa mutane suna haɗa abubuwa da yawa na rayuwa da suka shafi aiki ko ɗabi’a. Saboda wayewa tana ƙaruwa da ƙarin ilmi da kuma fahimtar rayuwa. A kullum mutane ƙaruwa suke da ilmi da kuma fasaha wannan shi ne wayewa ba a kasance a wuri ɗaya ba.

Misali yanzu ilmin fasaha da ƙira ya sa mutane suna bincike a sararin samaniya kuma har wata ma sun je. Fasaha tana bambanta tsakanin wanda suka waye da kuma wanda ba su waye ba (Roberts 1980: 10).

Wasu daga cikin masana tarihi da ‘yan jarida na turai suna ganin cewa babu wata wayewa idan ba ta turai ba ce. Duk abinda ya faru kafin turai ta mallaki duniya ba waye ba ne a wurinsa. Wanda ya ƙarfafa wannan ra’ayi shi ne Kenneth Clark a fim ɗinsa na talabijin da aka nuna a BBC mai suna “Civilization A Personal View”.

A wannan fim ya kore duk wani wayewar kai na ko ina sai dai na turai ta yamma har na Byzantine Ravenna, Celtic Hebrides, Viking Norway da kuma mulkin Charlemagne. A fahimtarsa tun daga faɗuwar Rome har zuwa tashin turai ta yamma babu wayewa. A fahimtarsa babu wayewa kafin zuwa addinin Krista kuma babu wayewa a gabas ɗin duniya (Ferguson 2011: 1-2).

Masu nazarin Civilization na ƙasashen turai sun bambanta shi da Culture (al’adu) a ra’ayinsu Culture ta al’ummar da ba su waye ba ce (primitive) shi kuma Civilization na wanda su ka waye ne.

Don karanta Wayewar Ɗan Kan Adam 1 danna nan

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

20/01/2025
Ciwon Mara (Pelvic Pain)
Mara ita ake kira “pelvis” a kimiyyance. An yi aron ta ne daga harshen “Latin” wanda mutanen tsohuwar daular Rumawa (Rome) suke magana da shi. Kalmar pelvis tana nufin mazubi mai siffar kwanon cin abinci (basin). Abinda yake da alaƙa da mara kuma shi ake kira “pelvic”.

HALITTAR MARA TA MUTUM (HUMAN PELVIC ANATOMY)

Mara mazubi ce ko kuma rami ne (cavity) wanda yake a tsakanin ƙasan cikin mutum da ƙashin ƙugunsa. Mara tana ɗauke ne da halittun da suke da alhakin haihuwa (reproductive organs), halittun da suke da alhakin yin fitsari (urinary organs), da halittun da suke da alhakin yin kashi (excretory organs).

A kwai bambance-bambance a tsakanin marar namiji da marar mace ta fuskar halitta da kuma abubuwan da suke ciki. Misali, ƙashin da ya kewaye ramin marar namiji ba shi da girma kuma ba shi da faɗi sosai, amma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Allah ya tsara shi a haka ne saboda bai ɗora ma namiji larurar ɗaukar juna biyu ba, domin haka babu buƙatar ƙashin ya zama mai faɗi. Sa’annan ƙarfin ƙashin ne yake taimakawa namiji wajen juriyar ɗaukan kaya masu nauyi fiye da yadda mace za ta iya ɗauka.

Shi kuma ƙashin da ya kewaye ramin marar mace, yana da faɗi kuma ba shi da ƙarfi sosai. Faɗinsa ne yake taimakawa mace wajen iya ɗaukar juna biyu cikin sauƙi, kuma rashin ƙarfinsa ne yake sanya ƙugunta ya buɗe a lokacin da take naƙuda domin samun sauƙin haihuwa.

Halittun da suke cikin marar namiji sun haɗa da jakar fitsari (bladder), mafitsara (urethra), jakar ruwan maniyyi (scrotum), jakar ruwan maziyyi (prostate gland) marufin da suke sarrafa zubar fitsari ko kashi (sphincters) da sauransu.

Marar mace ta ƙunshi dukkan halittun da namiji yake da su. Bugu da ƙari tana da jaka guda biyu da suke ɗauke da ƙwaya-ƙwayan haihuwa (ovaries), mahaifa (uterus), bututun da yake haɗa jakar ƙwan haihuwa da mahaifa (fallopian tubes), mahaɗar mahaifa da farji (cervix).

ABUBUWAN DA SUKE HADDASA CIWON MARA (CAUSES OF PELVIC PAIN)

Ciwon mara shi ne mutum ya riƙa jin rashin daɗi a mararsa (pelvic discomfort), kuma ya rabu kamar haka:

✍. Jin raɗaɗi mai tsanani wanda yake zuwa farat ɗaya (sudden sharp pain).

✍. Ciwon mara kaɗan-kaɗan kuma yana yi yana dainawa (mild intermittent pain).

✍. Ciwon mara kaɗan-kaɗan amma ba ya dainawa (mild persistent pain).

✍. Jin nauyi a mara (feeling of pressure in the pelvis).

✍. Jin murdewar mara (twisted or knotted feeling).

✍. Ciwon mara haɗe da ciwon ciki (cramping).

✍. Ciwon mara wanda yake zuwa lokacin da mutum yake yin wani aiki, motsa jiki, jima’i, ko fitsari.

Abubuwa da yawa suna haifar da ciwon mara. Wani lokaci ciwon mara yana faruwa idan ƙwayoyin cuta suka kama halittun da suke cikin mara (infection). Wani lokaci kuma ciwon mara yana faruwa sakamakon sauye-sauyen da suke faruwa a cikin jiki tare da sauyin zubar sinadarai (physiological and hormonal changes). A nan za mu fahimci cewa ciwon mara ya rabu gida biyu. Ma’ana akwai ciwon mara na cuta, akwai kuma ciwon mara wanda ba na cuta ba.

CIWON MARA NA CUTA (INFECTIOUS PELVIC PAIN)

Cututtukan da suke haifar da ciwon mara sun haɗa da:
1. Kumburin ciki (constipation), wanda yake faruwa saboda rashin narkewar abinci a ciki.
2. Cututtukan mafitsara (urinary tract infections – UTIs).
1. Cututtukan da ake ɗauka a wajen jima’i (sexually transmitted infections – STIs.
1. Ciwon ƙaba na ciki (appendicitis).
1. Ciwon suhe ko sufe (peritonitis), wato naman da yake shinfiɗe a bangon ciki.
1. Ciwon jakar da take sarrafa fitar fitsari, maniyyi da maziyyi (prostatitis)
1. Ciwon kumburin jakar ƙwan haihuwa (ovarian cyst)
1. Ciwon ƙaba na mahaifa (uterine fibroids).
1. Ciwon kumburin mahaifa (endometriosis).
10.Cututtukan da suke kama halittun haihuwa na mata (pelvic inflammatory diseases – PIDs). PID ya ƙunshi duk cututtukan da suka shafi halittun mace masu alhakin haihuwa. Yakan mamaye su.

Idan mutum ya kamu da ciwon mara sakamakon abubuwan da na lissafa, to, a gaskiya a je hospital don a yi bincike a gano me ya haddasa ciwon mara.

CIWON MARA WANDA BA NA CUTA BA (NON-INFECTIOUS PELVIC PAIN)

Abubuwan da suke sanya ciwon mara ba tare da ƙwayoyin cuta ba sun haɗa da:
1. Jinin al’ada (menstruation). Lokacin da mace za ta fara jinin al’ada ko lokacin da take yi, takan yi fama da ciwon mara. Wasu kuma da zarar sun gama jinin al’adar za su yi ciwon marar na wani ɗan lokaci.
1. Juna biyu (pregnancy). Idan mace tana da juna biyu, takan yi fama da ciwon mara a kai-a kai.
1. Saka ƙwai na haihuwa (ovulation). Lokacin da mace take saka ƙwan haihuwa bayan ta gama jinin al’ada takan yi fama da ciwon mara.
1. Motsawar sha’awa (sexual arousal). Akwai mutanen da suke da tsananin sha’awa wacce idan ta motsa takan haifar musu da ciwon mara
1. Fitar maniyyi (ejaculation). Akwai maza waɗanda idan suka yi inzali, to, sai mararsu ta riƙa ciwo har zuwa wani ɗan lokaci kafin ta bari. Haka kuma akwai matan da idan namiji ya yi inzali a cikin al’aurarsu, to, sukan yi fama da ciwon mara na wani ɗan lokaci kafin ya daina. Abinda yake kawo haka ga mata shi ne akwai wasu sukunin sinadarai a cikin maniyyin namiji wanda ake kira prostaglandins wanda farjin wasu matan yana samun damuwa (reacting) saboda su. Domin haka da zarar an zubawa mace maniyyi sai ta fara jin ciwon mara. Wannan halitta ne, ba wata cuta ba ce.
1. Istimna’i (masturbation). Idan mutum yana yin istimna’i, to, zai iya fuskantar ciwon mara, saboda yana motsa sha’awarsa, amma ba ya samun isasshiyar gamsuwa irin ta saduwar aure.
1. Amfani da magungunan tazarar haihuwa (family planning methods). Ciwon mara yana daga cikin laulayin da magungunan family planning suke haifarwa.
1. Haihuwa, ko ɓari, ko aikin tiyatar cire da (child birth, miscarriage, or caesarean section). Duka waɗannan suna sanya ciwon mara.
1. Tsananin damuwa (depression). Idan mutum yana fama da damuwa ta al’amuran yau-da-kullum, to, zai iya fuskantar matsalar ciwon mara. Hakan ba ya nufin akwai wata ƙwayar cuta da ta shiga jikinsa. A a, tsabar damuwa ce kawai.
10.Taruwar fitsari a marar mutum, yana jinsa amma ya ƙi yinsa yana sanya ciwon mara.

Idan mutum ya kamu da ciwon mara a dalilin abubuwan da na lissafa, to, ciwon zai iya warkewa da kansa ba sai an yi amfani da magani ba. Idan kuma ya tsananta, to, ana iya amfani da magungunan kashe raɗaɗi kamar paracetamol ko ibuprofen.

YADDA AKE GANE CIWON MARA WANDA ƘWAYOYIN CUTA SUKA HADDASA (DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS PELVIC PAIN)

Ciwon mara na ƙwayoyin cuta yana da alamomi kamar haka:
1. Naci, matsanancin raɗaɗi, da ɗaukan dogon lokaci kimanin makonni ko watanni, ko shekaru bai warke ba (very sharp and persistent pain).
1. Zubar jini (bleeding) ga mace kaɗ an ko da yawa, wanda bata saba gani ba.
1. Zubar ruwa mai wari ko ƙarni (discharge with offensive smell) ga mace, wanda ba ta saba gani ba.
1. Jin zafi lokacin saduwar aure (painful sex).
1. Jin zazzaɓi, wani lokaci haɗe da sanyi.
1. Yin fitsari da jini (bloody urine).
1. Jin zafin fitsari ko kasa yin fitsari (painful or difficult urination).
1. Zubar jini a lokacin da ake yin jima’i, ko bayan an gama jima’i.
ABIN LURA

Ciwon mara yana iya kama maza, duk da kasancewar ya fi kama mata. Abubuwan da aka fi sani wadanda suke kawo ciwon mara ga maza su ne cututtukan mafitsara (urinary tract infections), cututtukan da ake ɗauka lokacin jima’i (sexually transmitted infections), cututtukan jakar da take sarrafa fitar fitsari, maniyyi da maziyyi (prostatitis), ciwon gwaiwa (hernia), matsanancin ciwon ciki (irritable bowel syndrome), ciwon ƙaba (appendicitis).

Ita kuwa mace tana kamuwa da ciwon mara ne bisa dalilan da suke sanya namiji yake kamuwa da shi. Bugu da ƙari, mace na kamuwa da ciwon mara sakamakon juna biyu (pregnancy), al’ada (menstruation), saka ƙwai (ovulation), ɓari (miscarriage), tiyatar cire jariri (cesarean section), ƙarin mahaifa (fibroids) da sauransu.

MAGANCE CIWON MARA (TREATMENT OF PELVIC PAIN)

Mata da yawa din sukan yi ƙorafin cewa suna fama da ciwon mara, domin haka suna buƙatar likitoci su faɗa musu maganin da za su yi amfani da shi domin samun sauƙi ko waraka. To, a gaskiya mawuyaci ne likita ya bai wa mace maganin ciwon mara ba tare da ya ganta ba. Dalili kuwa shi ne maganin ciwon mara ya danganta ne da abinda ya haifar da shi.

Idan ciwon mara ba na cuta ba ne, to, zai iya warkewa da kansa ba sai an sha magani ba. Idan kuma mutum ya damu sosai da irin wannan ciwon, to, yana iya yin amfani da maganin kashe raɗaɗi (pain reliever) saboda yin amfani da su ba ya da hatsari sosai.

Amma ciwon mara na cuta yana buƙatar a yi aune-aune (tests) ko hoto (scanning) kafin a tabbatar da shi. Sa’annan sai an yi amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (antibiotics) waɗanda likita ne ya dace ya ɗora maras lafiya a kai kafin a magance shi. Wani lokaci ma sai an yi aikin tiyata (surgery) sa’annan za a iya magance shi.

Hanyoyin da za a iya magance ciwon mara wanda ba na cuta ba a gida sun ƙunshi:
1. Gasa mara da ruwan dumi ko tsumman da aka jiƙa da ruwan ɗumi (warm compression).
1. Yin wanka da ruwan ɗumi (hot bath).
1. Yin atisaye ko motsa jiki (physical exercise).
1. Kwanciya rigingine akan baya kuma a ɗaga ƙafafu sama domin jini ya zagaya jiki sosai (elevation of legs).
1. Mammatsa mara (pelvic massage).
1. Ƙauracewa ci ko shan maiƙo (oily foods).
1. Ƙauracewa ci ko shan kayan zaƙi (sugary substances)
1. Ƙauracewa ci ko shan abincin gwangwani (processed foods).
1. Ƙauracewa ci ko shan abinci mai caffein.
10.Shan ruwan ɗumi.

11.Shan shayi mai citta.

Daga ƙarshe, dukkan wadannan bayanai da na gabatar ba za su iya gamsar da mu ba ɗari-bisa-ɗari akan matsalar ciwon mara. Sai dai kawai za su ɗan wayar mana da kai ne.

Danna nan don karanta Yadda Ciwon Sanyi Yake

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu
20/01/2025
Auren Annabi SAW Da Nana Saudat

An ɗaura auren annabi (Sallallahu alaihi wasallam) da Sayyada Saudat ‘yar Zam’ata Baƙuraishiya, sannan sunan mahaifiyarta shi ne Al-shamus ‘yar Ƙais daga ƙabilar Banu Najar.

Bayan rasuwar Sayyada Khadija da wata ɗaya cikin watan da Sayyada Khadija ta rasu, bayan rasuwar mijinta ɗan Baffanta Assakaranu Bin Amru, haƙiƙa ta yi imani da Allah (SWT) da manzon Allah (Sallallahu alaihi wasallam), Sannan ta saɓawa ‘yan uwanta da ɗan Baffanta (na bautan gumaka).

Haka kuma ta yi hijira tare da mijinta zuwa Habasha a karo na biyu (2), akan hanyarsu ta dawowa mijinta ya rasu Assakaranu Bin Amru Bin Abdulsham. Sannan bayan rasuwarsa Sayyada Saudat ta dawo daga Habasha, sannan kuma iyayenta duk babu musulmi a ciki, sai wata sahabiya ana kiranta Khaulatu Bin Hakim, sai ta zo ta samu annabi Muhammad (Sallallahu alaihi wasallam), a lokacin ana cikin ƙuncin raɗaɗin rasuwar Sayyada Khadija.

Sai ta zo ta sami annabi (Sallallahu alaihi wasallam) tace da shi akwai wata mace mijinta ya rasu kuma ta yi Imani da kai, amma ‘yan uwanta kafirai ne, idan ta koma gida za su iya wulaƙanta, ko za ka iya aurenta ne? Sai annabi ya tura wannan sahabiya Khaulatu `yar Hakim ta nema masa auranta.

Sai ko ita Saudatu `yar Zam’atu amince, aka ɗaura aurensu ta zama ita ce matar annabi (Sallallahu alaihi wasallam) ta biyu bayan Khadija Bin Khuwailid. Sannan Saudat ta rasu a watan Satumba ko Oktoba a shekara ta 674 miladiyya. Daga ƙarshe Saudat tana da ɗa guda ɗaya wanda ta haife shi a gurin mijinta na farko, sunan ɗan shi ne Abdurrahman Bin Sakran, an kashe shi a yaƙin Jalula a shekara ta 637.

Don karanta Auren Annabi SAW Da Nana Khadija danna nan

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

20/01/2025