Scanning wata fasahar kimiyyar zamani ce wacce likitoci suke amfani da ita wajen binciken halin da juna biyu ko ɗan-tayi yake cike, kuma sakamakon bincikien yana fitowa ne ta hanyar bayyana hoto ko kuma surar halin da juna biyun yake ciki a jikin kwalbar talabijin (screen).
Wannan fasahar tana tattaro sautin motsi ne (sound waves) wanda yake aukuwa a cikin mahaifar mace mai juna biyu, waɗanda suka shafi tsokar jikin jariri, ƙasusuwansa, bugun zuciyarsa, fatar jikinsa, da kuma ruwan mahaifar da yake kwance a ciki, sai ta mayar da shi hoto kuma ta nuna shi a jikin kwalbar talabijin ɗin. Ma’aikatan lafiya waɗanda suka ƙware akan aikin scanning su ne ake kira sonographers.
Idan mace ta tuntuɓi likita bisa wasu alamomi da take ji ko kuma take gani a jikinta waɗanda ake tsammanin irin na mai juna biyu ne, to, likita zai tura ta ta yi awon scanning domin a tabbatar da hasashen da ake yi. Yawanci likitoci suna sanya mai juna biyu ta yi scanning sau 2 ne kafin ta haihu.
Na farko shi ne wanda ake yi tsakanin makonni 6 zuwa 12 na hasashen samun ciki, kuma ana yinsa ne domin tabbatar da hasashen. Na biyu kuma ana yinsa ne daga makonni 13 zuwa 28, domin a tabbatar da lafiyar halittar jariri da kuma jinsinsa. Amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa scanning 2 kawai ake yi ma mai juna biyu ba. Za a iya yi mata fiye da haka idan buƙata ta taso, musamman idan matsaloli suka bijiro a lokacin da cikin yake yin girma.
SCANNING A ZANGON WATA 3 NA FARKON SAMUN CIKI (FIRST TRIMESTER ULTRASOUND)
Wata 3 na farkon samun ciki su ne daga ranar da mace ta yi al’adarta ta ƙarshe zuwa mokwanni 12 da samun ciki. A wannan zangon, likita yana da hanya biyu da yakan yi scanning:
1. Transvaginal ultrasound. Wannan scanning ne da likita yake yi ta hanyar tura wata ’yar sanda wacce a ke kira transducer a cikin farjin mai juna biyu. Ita transducer ɗin ana shafe ta ne da wani mai me santsi domin kada a yi wa mace rauni, kuma ba za ta ji zafi ba. Transducer tana da hanzarin tattaro sautin motsin mahaifa da abinda yake cikinta. Dalili shi ne domin an tura ta kusa da mahaifar ne. Ingancin transvaginal ultrasound ya fi na scanning ɗin da aka yin shi ta hanyar goga transducer ɗin a saman fatar cikin mai juna biyu, domin ana tura shi transducer ɗin ne kusa da halittar jariri wacce take da ƙanƙanta ƙwarai. Ana yin transvaginal scanning ne idan mai juna biyu tana fama da matsanancin ciwon mara, zubar jini mai yawa, daɗaɗɗiyar matsalar rashin haihuwa, ciwon mafitsara, da ciwon sanyi.
2. Abdominal ultrasound. Wannan shi ne scanning ɗin da ake goga transducer ɗin a saman fatar cikin mai juna biyu, kuma shi mata suka fi sani. Transducer ɗin da ake amfani da ita a irin wannan scanning ɗin tana da bambanci da wacce na faɗa a sama, domin kanta yana da faɗi maimakon tsini.
Abubuwan da ake so a gani idan an yi scanning a zangon first trimester su ne:
1. A cikin mako na 4 za a ga mahaifa ta kumbura (endometrial thickening) ta nuna alamun akwai ajiyar juna biyu a cinkinta. Ana buƙatar kumburin ko kaurin mahaifa ya zama tsakanin 8 mm zuwa 15 mm.
2. A cikin mako na 5 za a ga jaka mai ɗauke da ruwan halittar jariri (gestational sac). Ana buƙatar girman diameter na jakar ta zama tsakanin 5 mm zuwa 6 mm.
3. A cikin mako na 6 za a ga wannan jakar ruwan halittar ta rikiɗe ta zama ƙwanduwa (yolk sac). Ana buƙatar girman ƙwanduwar ta zama tsakanin 3 mm zuwa 5 mm.
4. A cikin mako na 7 da kwana 5 za a ga ƙwanduwar ta rikiɗe ta fara zama gudan jini wanda zai zama tsokar jikin jariri (fetal pole). Kuma lokacin da yake fara motsin bugun zuciya kenan. Ana buƙatar tsawon tsokar jikin jariri ta zama tsakanin 5 mm zuwa 10 mm.
5. A cikin mako 8 bugun zuciyar (fetal heart rate – FHR) zai yi ƙarfi sosai. Ana buƙatar yawan bugawar zuciyar jariri ta zama tsakanin sau 90 zuwa 110 a cikin minti ɗaya.
SCANNING A ZANGON WATA 3 NA BIYUN SAMUN CIKI (SECOND TRIMESTER ULTRASOUND)
Zangon wata 3 na biyun samun ciki su ne daga makonni 13 zuwa makonni 28 na samun ciki. Idan an yi scanning a wannan zangon ana buƙatar ganin yadda jariri yake ci gaba da girma, domin a wannan lokacin ya kamata a ce duka halittar jikinsa ta fito. Gane girman jariri ya ƙunshi:
1. Ƙarfin bugun zuciyarsa (fetal heart movement – FHM). Ana buƙatar yawan bugawar zuciyar jariri ta zama tsakanin sau 110 zuwa 160 a cikin minti ɗaya.
2. Jinsinsa (fetal gender – FG). A wannan lokacin za a iya gane namiji ne ko mace ce. Idan namiji ne, ƙwayar halittar chromosomes ɗinsa za ta zama (XY). Idan mace ce, ƙwayar halittar chromosomes ɗinta za ta zama (XX).
3. Nauyin jikinsa (estimated fetal weight – EFW). Ana buƙatar nauyin jariri ya zama 1 kg zuwa 1.4 kg.
4. Ruwan mahaifa wanda jariri yake cikinsa (amniotic fluid – AF). Ana buƙatar yawan ruwan da jariri yake kwance a cikinsa ya zama tsakanin 25 ml zuwa 400 ml.
5. Girman kewayen jikinsa (abdominal circumference – AC). Ana buƙatar kewayen jikin jariri ya zama tsakanin 9.5 cm zuwa 21.8 cm.
6. Tsawonsa tun daga kai har zuwa ƙafafu (crown rump length – CRL). Ana buƙatar tsawon jikin jariri tun daga sama har ƙasa ya zama tsakanin 68 mm zuwa 254 mm.
7. Yawan harbawar cibiyarsa in an kwatanta ta da harbawar ƙwaƙwalwarsa (cerebroplacental ratio – CPR). Ana buƙatar ya zama 15 compression: 2 breaths.
8. Tsawon ƙashin cinyarsa (femur length – FL). Ana buƙatar tsawon ƙashin cinyar jariri ya zama tsakanin 11 mm zuwa 58 mm.
9. Girman ƙoƙon kansa (biparietal diameter – BPD). Ana buƙatar girman ƙoƙon kansa ya zama tsakanin 14 cm zuwa 71 cm.
10. Lokacin da mace ta ga al’adarta ta ƙarshe (last menstrual period – LMP). Na’urar scanning ɗin za ta lissafa tsawon lokaci daga al’adar mace ta ƙarshe zuwa lokacin scanning ɗin, kuma za ta nuna shi ne a matsayin makwanni.
11. Jariri ba ya girma yadda ya kamata (small gestational age – SGA). Idan nauyin jariri ya zama ƙasa da 2.27 kg, to, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ba ya yin girma yadda ya kamata.
12. Jariri yana girma yadda ya kamata (appropriate gestational age – AGA). Idan nauyin jariri ya zama tsakanin 3 kg zuwa 4 kg, to, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yana yin girma yadda ya kamata.
13. Yanayin kwanciyar jariri a cikin mahaifa (fetal lie presentation). Kwanciyar jariri iri 3 ce (a) kansa a kasa – cephalic presentation (b) kansa a sama – breech presentation (c) kwanciyarsa a gicciye – transverse presentation. Kawnciyar da take daidai ita ce kansa a kasa.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa duk lokacin da aka yi scanning (first trimester ko second trimester), to, duk suna nuna sakamakon:
1. Ranar da ake hasashen za a haihu (estimated date of delivery – EDD).
2. Kwanakin da jariri ya yi a cikin mahaifa bayan mace taga al’adarta ta ƙarshe (gestational age – GA).
3. Ruwan mahaifa wanda jariri yake cikinsa (amniotic fluid – AF).
Amma idan sakamakon scanning na farko da na biyu suka bambanta a wajen ranar da ake hasashen haihuwa, to, ya kamata a yi amfani da na ƙarshen, domin shi ne aka yi shi a lokacin da haihuwa ta matso.
SCANNING A ZANGON WATA 3 NA ƘARSHE (THIRD TRIMESTER ULTRASOUND)
Wannan scanning ɗin bai zama dole ba, sai dai idan mace tana da matsala ko kuma tun scanning na zangon wata uku na farko ko zangon wata uku na biyu an gano cewa jaririn yana da matsala. Idan an yi scanning a cikin third trimester, za a ga cewa duk halittar jikin jaririn ta kammala, kuma kamanninsa ɗaya da na jariri sabuwar haihuwa.
A wannan lokacin yana iya ganin lumshin rana ta fatar cikin uwarsa, yana iya jin sauti da hayaniyar da ake yi a kusa da cikin uwarsa, yakan shaƙi ko ya haɗiyi ruwan mahaifa (amma ba a so haka ya faru), yana iya jin zafi ko ƙaiƙayi ko sanyi idan wani abu mai haddasa waɗannan abubuwan ya shiga mahaifar ya taɓa fatarsa.
Danna nan don karanta Awon Juna Biyu
Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu
