Gabatarwa
Masara tana ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gonar da aka fi nomawa a Najeriya. Ita ce ta fi sauran amfanin gona yawan faɗin ƙasa da ake noma ta. Noman masara yana ƙara bunƙasa a Najeria sakamakon ƙaruwar fasaha da dabarun noma. Masara ita ce abinci mafi muhimmanci ga jama’a, dabbobi da masana’antu a Najeriya.
Sama da manoma miliyan hamsin (50m) ke noman masara da kuma mutane miliyan casa’in a wajen sarrafa ta da amfani na yau da kullum.
Yanayin Da Masara ke Buƙata
- Masara tana buƙatar yanayin mai ɗumi
- Matsakaicin yanayin zafi = 20 zuwa 35 0C
- Masara ba ta son yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa da 30 0C
- Yawan ruwan sama da masara ke buƙata = Mili-mita ɗari biyar zuwa ɗari tara
Aikace Aikacen Noman Masara
- Ka zaɓi wurin da ba ya riƙe ruwa kuma mai nagarta.
- Ka kaucewa wuri mai tudu da kwari mai riƙe ruwa
- Sassaɓe gonarka kuma ka ƙona sharar
- Ka yi kaftu sannan harrow da tantan ko shanun huda
- Ka ja kunnyoyi da tazarar 75cm tsakanin kunya da kunya.
Gyaran Gona
Zaɓin Irin Shuka
- Ka zaɓi ingantaccen Iri.
- Ingantaccen iri yana jure wa cututtuka da ƙwari.
- Ingantaccen iri yana bayar da amfani mai yawa
Yawan irin da zai shuka Kadada ɗaya
- Kilo giram 15-20 ake buƙata don shuke kadada ɗaya.
Wankin Iri
- A wanke iri kafin shuka da maganin da ake kira Apron plus ko ire-iren shi.
- A wanke iri daidai lokacin da za a yi shuka.
- Fakiti ɗaya na Apron plus (10g) za a wanke kilo 3 na irin masara.
Shuka:
Lokacin Shuka
- An fi so a yi shuka lokacin da ruwan sama ya kankama, misalin ƙarshen watan Mayu zuwa sati biyu na watan Yuni. (Karshen watan biyar zuwa sati biyu na watan shida).
Yadda Za A Yi Shuka
- Shuka iri ƙwaya ɗaya a rami mai zurfin santi-mita uku zuwa biyar (3-5cm).
- Tazara tsakanin tushe da tushe a santi-mita ashirin da biyar (25cm) zai bada tushe 53,200 a kadada.
Nome Ciyawa
Noma Da Fartanya:
- Noman farko sati 2 zuwa 3 bayan shuka
- Noma na biyu sati 5 zuwa 6 bayan shuka
Maganin Ciyawa:
- Lasso GD Lita 4 zuwa 5 a kadada ɗaya (4-5 lts/ha)
- Atrazine Liquid Lita 4 zuwa 5 a kadada ɗaya (4-5 lts/ha)
- Atrazine powder Kilo giram 1.5 zuwa 3 a kadada ɗaya (1.5-3kg/ha)
- Primagram Lita 3 a kadada ɗaya (3lts/ha)
- Zuba gwangwanin madara biyu zuwa biyu da rabi (2-2.5) na magani a gorar feshi (CP 15) sai ka zuba ruwa lita 15.
- Fesa magani kwana 1 zuwa 2 da shuka
- Fesa magani yayin da gonar take da lema
Sa/Zuba Taki
- Ana saka wa masara taki sau biyu (Sati 2 da Sati 4 – 6) bayan shuka
- Sa Taki na farko Kamfa (NPK):
Idan 15:15:15 = buhu 8 a kadada ɗaya
Idan 20:10:10 = buhu 6 a kadada ɗaya
- Sa Taki na biyu mai gishiri (UREA):
Urea 46:0:0 = buhu 2 a kadada ɗaya
- Ka saka gram 8 na NPK (Kimanin marfin Coca-Cola)
- Ka tona rami a kusa da tushen masarar (8-10 cm).
Ban-ƙasa
- Ka yi ban-ƙasa sati 6 bayan shuka ko da garmar hannu ko ta shanu.
- Ban-ƙasa yana hana masara ta kwanta, kuma yana rufe jijiyoyin masara.
- A kula kada a yi wa masara illa lokacin ban-ƙasa.
Ƙwari da Cututtuka
- Ƙwari da cututtuka suna rage samun amfani a gonar masara.
- Shuka da wuri tare da wanke irin masara suna taimakawa wajen rage illar ƙwari da cututtuka.
- Ana son canja amfani a gona bayan shekaru ana shuka masara.
- Maize borer = Yana shiga karar masara ko goyonta
- Grass moth = Yana cinye masara tun tana ƙarama har ta girma.
- Rootworm beetle = Yana cin jijiyar masara har ta kai ga faɗuwa
- Maize flea beetle = Yana saka cuta mai suna(bacterial leaf blight).
Cututtukan Masara
- Maize smut = Tana kama goyon masara sai ta samar da ɓangaren da babu ƙwayar masara
- Maize rust = Tana saka wani ɓangaren ganyen masara ya zama kamar ya yi tsatsa.
- Maize anthracnose Tana saka ruɓewar ganye da karan masara.
Hanyoyin Magance Cututtukan Masara
- Yin shuka a kan lokaci tare da wanke iri yana rage haɗarin cututtuka
- Shuka ingantaccen iri mai jure cututtuka
- Kada a shuka masara tsawon lokaci a gona ɗaya
- Sharan gona da gyaran gona mai kyau, yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin cututtuka a masara
- A yi amfani da maganin ƙwari da ya dace.
Girbi
- Idan za a yi amfani da masara ɗanya: Sai a girbe ta lokacin da ta yi ƙwari kimanin kwanaki (55-70) bayan shuka.
- Amma idan ana buƙatar hatsi ne: Sai a bari sai ta bushe sosai, ta yanda za a iya ɓamɓare ta da hannu ko da injin casa.
Ajiyar Masara
- A shanya masara ta bushe kafin a ajiye.
- A yi amfani da magungunan ajiya irin su: Actellic 2 % DP, Phosoxin da sauransu.
- Actellic 2 % DP = giram 300 zuwa 500 a buhu mai nauyin kilo giram 100.
- Phosoxin = Saka ƙwaya biyu a kowane buhu mai nauyin kilo giram 100.
- A yi ajiya a wuri mai samun iska.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Jagoran Noman Farin Wake danna nan.
Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yadda Ake Tsaba Da Wake danna nan.