Jagoran Noman Masara A Nijeriya

Gabatarwa

Masara tana ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gonar da aka fi nomawa a Najeriya. Ita ce ta fi sauran amfanin gona yawan faɗin ƙasa da ake noma ta. Noman masara yana ƙara bunƙasa a Najeria sakamakon ƙaruwar fasaha da dabarun noma. Masara ita ce abinci mafi muhimmanci ga jama’a, dabbobi da masana’antu a Najeriya.

Sama da manoma miliyan hamsin (50m) ke noman masara da kuma mutane miliyan casa’in a wajen sarrafa ta da amfani na yau da kullum.

Yanayin Da Masara ke Buƙata

• Masara tana buƙatar yanayin mai ɗumi
• Matsakaicin yanayin zafi = 20 zuwa 35 ⁰C
• Masara ba ta son yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa da 30 ⁰C
• Yawan ruwan sama da masara ke buƙata = Mili-mita ɗari biyar zuwa ɗari tara

Aikace Aikacen Noman Masara

• Ka zaɓi wurin da ba ya riƙe ruwa kuma mai nagarta.
• Ka kaucewa wuri mai tudu da kwari mai riƙe ruwa

• Sassaɓe gonarka kuma ka ƙona sharar
• Ka yi kaftu sannan harrow da tantan ko shanun huda
• Ka ja kunnyoyi da tazarar 75cm tsakanin kunya da kunya.

Gyaran Gona

Zaɓin Irin Shuka

• Ka zaɓi ingantaccen Iri.
• Ingantaccen iri yana jure wa cututtuka da ƙwari.
• Ingantaccen iri yana bayar da amfani mai yawa

Yawan irin da zai shuka Kadada ɗaya

• Kilo giram 15-20 ake buƙata don shuke kadada ɗaya.

Wankin Iri

• A wanke iri kafin shuka da maganin da ake kira Apron plus ko ire-iren shi.
• A wanke iri daidai lokacin da za a yi shuka.
• Fakiti ɗaya na Apron plus (10g) za a wanke kilo 3 na irin masara.

Shuka:

Lokacin Shuka

• An fi so a yi shuka lokacin da ruwan sama ya kankama, misalin ƙarshen watan Mayu zuwa sati biyu na watan Yuni. (Karshen watan biyar zuwa sati biyu na watan shida).

Yadda Za A Yi Shuka

• Shuka iri ƙwaya ɗaya a rami mai zurfin santi-mita uku zuwa biyar (3-5cm).
• Tazara tsakanin tushe da tushe a santi-mita ashirin da biyar (25cm) zai bada tushe 53,200 a kadada.

Nome Ciyawa

Noma Da Fartanya:

• Noman farko sati 2 zuwa 3 bayan shuka
• Noma na biyu sati 5 zuwa 6 bayan shuka

Maganin Ciyawa:

• Lasso GD                                  Lita 4 zuwa 5 a kadada ɗaya (4-5 lts/ha)
• Atrazine   Liquid                        Lita 4 zuwa 5 a kadada ɗaya (4-5 lts/ha)
• Atrazine powder                        Kilo giram 1.5 zuwa 3 a kadada ɗaya (1.5-3kg/ha)
• Primagram                                  Lita 3 a kadada ɗaya (3lts/ha)
• Zuba gwangwanin madara biyu zuwa biyu da rabi (2-2.5) na magani a gorar feshi (CP 15) sai ka zuba ruwa lita 15.
• Fesa magani kwana 1 zuwa 2 da shuka
• Fesa magani yayin da gonar take da lema

Sa/Zuba Taki

• Ana saka wa masara taki sau biyu (Sati 2 da Sati 4 – 6) bayan shuka
• Sa Taki na farko Kamfa (NPK):

Idan 15:15:15 = buhu 8 a kadada ɗaya

Idan 20:10:10 = buhu 6 a kadada ɗaya

• Sa Taki na biyu mai gishiri (UREA):

Urea 46:0:0 = buhu 2 a kadada ɗaya

• Ka saka gram 8 na NPK (Kimanin marfin Coca-Cola)
• Ka tona rami a kusa da tushen masarar (8-10 cm).

Ban-ƙasa

• Ka yi ban-ƙasa sati 6 bayan shuka ko da garmar hannu ko ta shanu.
• Ban-ƙasa yana hana masara ta kwanta, kuma yana rufe jijiyoyin masara.
• A kula kada a yi wa masara illa lokacin ban-ƙasa.

Ƙwari da Cututtuka

• Ƙwari da cututtuka suna rage samun amfani a gonar masara.
• Shuka da wuri tare da wanke irin masara suna taimakawa wajen rage illar ƙwari da cututtuka.
• Ana son canja amfani a gona bayan shekaru ana shuka masara.
• Maize borer = Yana shiga karar masara ko goyonta
• Grass moth = Yana cinye masara tun tana ƙarama har ta girma.
• Rootworm beetle = Yana cin jijiyar masara har ta kai ga faɗuwa
• Maize flea beetle = Yana saka cuta mai suna(bacterial leaf blight).

Cututtukan Masara

• Maize smut = Tana kama goyon masara sai ta samar da ɓangaren da babu ƙwayar masara
• Maize rust = Tana saka wani ɓangaren ganyen masara ya zama kamar ya yi tsatsa.
• Maize anthracnose Tana saka ruɓewar ganye da karan masara.

Hanyoyin Magance Cututtukan Masara

• Yin shuka a kan lokaci tare da wanke iri yana rage haɗarin cututtuka
• Shuka ingantaccen iri mai jure cututtuka
• Kada a shuka masara tsawon lokaci a gona ɗaya
• Sharan gona da gyaran gona mai kyau, yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin cututtuka a masara
• A yi amfani da maganin ƙwari da ya dace.

Girbi

• Idan za a yi amfani da masara ɗanya: Sai a girbe ta lokacin da ta yi ƙwari kimanin kwanaki (55-70) bayan shuka.
• Amma idan ana buƙatar hatsi ne: Sai a bari sai ta bushe sosai, ta yanda za a iya ɓamɓare ta da hannu ko da injin casa.

Ajiyar Masara

• A shanya masara ta bushe kafin a ajiye.
• A yi amfani da magungunan ajiya irin su: Actellic 2 % DP, Phosoxin da sauransu.
• Actellic 2 % DP = giram 300 zuwa 500 a buhu mai nauyin kilo giram 100.
• Phosoxin = Saka ƙwaya biyu a kowane buhu mai nauyin kilo giram 100.
• A yi ajiya a wuri mai samun iska.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Jagoran Noman Farin Wake danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yadda Ake Tsaba Da Wake danna nan.