Fisiyoloji (Physiology) Ilmin sanin yadda jikin ɗan Adam yake aiki da kuma aiwatar da dukkan al’amura na jiki.
Darasi na farko da ake fara yi a Jami’a shi ne Homeostasis (HO-MI-YOS-TE-SIS) wato masaitin jikin ɗan Adam yana nuni da cewa: kowane sashe na jiki na da hadafi guda ɗaya, shi ne su tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jiki ta hanyar amfani da ruwan dake;
Kowanne jiki na ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halittu wanda ake ke kira da “cells”.
Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu su ne suke haɗuwa da wasu su samar da sashe wato na jiki (organ system) .
Sannan waɗannan sassa su haɗu suke samar da ɓangaren jiki wato system.
Saboda haka, gaba ɗaya jikin ɗan Adam na da ƙwayar halitta wato cells.
Kowacce ƙwayar halitta na ɗauke da ruwa, sannan a wajen su akwai ruwa kuma suna zagaye da ruwa. Ma’ana ruwan dake waje da ruwan dake ciki (ciki ko wajen ƙwayoyin hallitta).
Ruwan dake wajen ƙwayoyin halitta su ne mahadar jikin ɗan Adam da wajen duniya. Domin shi ne yake isar da abincin da aka gama sarrafa shi, wato nutrients zuwa ga ƙwayar halitta sannan ya fitar datti ko abinda ciki bai buƙata daga ciki.
Saboda haka, yana gudana a cikin jikin ɗan Adam a ko’ina domin aiwatar da aiki yadda ya kamata.
Homeostasis:
Wato masaitin jikin ɗan Adam yana nuni da cewa: kowane sashe na jiki na da hadafi guda ɗaya, shi ne su tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jiki ta hanyar amfani da ruwan dake waje ko a zagaye da ko wani sashi ko ƙwayar hallitta ta jiki.
Bisa haka ne kowane sashe na jikinmu na aiwatar da daidaito ko saiti a yayin buƙatar hakan, misali canjin yanayi.
Ga wasu abubuwa da zan lissafo wanda da su jiki yake amfani wajen saiti.
Adadin ruwa dake jikinmu, Abubuwan da ruwan ya ƙunsa, PH wato , Karfin gudanar sa da kuma ɗumin sa.
Misalai;
Sashin numfashi na tabbatar da daidaiton ruwan dake wajen ƙwayoyin halitta ta hanyar
sassaita PH.
Sashin Endocrine na tabbatar da daidaiton ruwan dake wajen ƙwayoyin halitta ta hanyarsassaita Dumin jiki.
su kuma Sashin zuciya da jijiyoyi na tabbatar da daidaiton ruwan dake wajen ƙwayoyin halitta ta hanyar sassaita ƙarfin gudanar jini.
Sashin sarrafa fitsari na tabbatar da daidaiton ruwan dake wajen ƙwayoyin halitta ta hanyar sassaita adadin gishirin da abinda za a tace yake ɗauke da wato Osmolarity.
Homeostasis wato masaiti na bamu dama a yanayi daban-daban (misali a lokacin zafi ko lokacin sanyi) tare da tabbatar da cikin jikinmu ya kasance a sassaite.
Ta yaya Masaiti wato homeostasis ke aiwayar da aiki?
Hakan yana yiwuwa ne ta hanyar tsari da jiki yake da shi, wajen yin yunƙuri ko amsawa idan ya ji canjin yanayi iri biyu kamar haka:
1. Yunƙurin ƙari
2. Yunƙurin ragi
-A yunƙurin ƙari jiki kan yunƙura domin ƙari a kan wani amshi da jikin mutum ya yi a yayin canjin yanayi.
Misali idan mutum ya ji rauni (ciwo), jijiya ta ɓarke jini ya rinƙa zuba, saboda haka, domin tsayar da wannnan zubar jini, wasu ƙwayoyin halitta dake cikin jini wanda ake kira da platelets za su yi jami, su taru a inda jinin ke zuba, amma adadinsu kaɗan ne.
A wannan lokacin ne tsarin yunƙurin na ƙari zai sa a ƙaro platelets a wajen zubar jini sai zubar jinin ya tsaya. Daga nan an samu daidaito kenan.
-A yunƙuri na ragi kuma, jiki ya ruga ya yunƙura domin daidaito da canjin yanayi amma cikin jiki na buƙatar rage wannan yunƙurin domin saiti.
Misali idan muka fita cikin zafi ko rana,
jikinmu yakan ɗauki zafi, a wannan lokacin ne sai yunƙuri na ragi ya sa mu yi gumi domin ruwa mai ɗumi dake cikin jiki, sai jikinmu ya huce ya sanyaya, daga nan samu daidaito kenan.
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Kalmomi
- Physiology
- Homeostasis
- Cell
- Organ
- Endocrine
- Osmosis
Inda aka samo wannan bayani
Dr Tariq Hakim. THE CORE OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY.3rd ed.Khartoum university pp;2010.
