Jini ruwa ne mai launi ja-zur da ke kewaya sassan jikin dabbobi masu ƙashin baya (vertebrates), kamar mutane (humans), mage (cats), ƙadangare (reptiles), tsuntsu (birds), kwaɗo (amphibians), kifi (fish), da sauransu.
Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa banda mutum, akwai dabbobin da suke kamuwa da matsalar hawan jini. Amma wannan matsalar tana maganar hawan jinin mutum ne.
Jini yana gudu da ƙarfi a cikin jijiyoyin jikin mutum idan zuciya ta feso shi. Aikinsa shi ne isar da kayan abinci zuwa sassan jiki, da fitar da ruwan dattin jiki ta hanyar fitsari ko zufa.
Ƙarfin tafiyar jini yana buɗe jijiyoyi (arteries), kuma shi ne “blood pressure”. Akwai adadin blood pressure da ake buƙata wanda ba zai cutar da jiki ba. Idan ya yi yawa shi ne “hypertension”, kuma matsala ne. Idan ya yi kaɗan shi ne “hypotension” shi ma matsala ne. Idan ya yi daidai shi ne “normotension”, kuma shi ake buƙata.
NA’URAR AWON GUDUN JINI (BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT DEVICE)
Na’urar awon gudun jini ita ce “sphygmomanometer”. Tana da jakar ledar “polyester” da “nylon” mai suna “inflatable arm cuff”, wacce ake hura ma iska da ƙwallon roba mai suna “bulb pump”. Sa’annan tana da fuska (screen) mai nuna sakamakon awon, wato “pressure gauge”.
A maƙale da ita akwai na’urar jin sautin bugun zuciya da jin gudun jini (stethoscope). Lokacin yin awon, ana ɗaura inflatable arm cuff ɗin a damtsen hannu, a hura iska a ciki. Cuff ɗin zai matse damtsen. Hakan zai sa na’urar ta iya ɗosano ƙarfin gudun jinin, ta nuna shi a screen, kuma za a ji sauti bugun zuciyar ta stethoscope.
Nau’rar awon iri biyu ce:
1. Ta farko ita ce na’urar da ake sarrafa ta da hannu (manual blood pressure monitor): Tana da stethoscope, inflatable cuff, da pressure gauge, kuma iri biyu, kamar haka:
a. Mercury sphygmomanometer, wacce ake ganin sakamakon awon a jikin tsinken ruwan “mercury” a tsakiyarta.
b. Aneroid sphygmomanometer, wacce take amfani da “spring” da “gauge”.
2. Ta biyu ita ce na’urar da ke sarrafa kanta: (digital blood pressure monitor): Tana da maɗosanin bayanai (sensor) wanda yake ba ta damar yin aiki da kanta (automatic). Tana da inflatable cuff, amma ba ta da stethoscope. Idan aka ɗaura inflatable cuff ɗin, za ta hura iska da kanta ta hanyar motorized pump. Sai screen ɗin ya nuna sakamakon awon.
KARANTA SAKAMAKON AWON GUDUN JINI (READING OF BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT)
Sakamakon awon yana da lambobi biyu ne.
1. Lamba ta farko ita ce ta sama, kuma ana kiranta “systolic”. Tana nuna ƙarfin gudun jini ne lokacin da zuciya ta kumbura domin ta feso shi.
2. Lamba ta biyu ita ce ta kasa, kuma ana kiranta “diastolic”. Tana nuna ƙarfin gudun jini ne lokacin da zuciya ta sace bayan ta feso shi.
Lambobin awon suna fitowa ne da alƙaluman millimetre of mercury (mm Hg).
Tun farko na faɗi cewa sakamakon awon blood pressure iri uku ne:
(a) Gudun jinin da ya yi sama, wato hypertension.
(b) Gudun jinin da ya yi daidai, wato normotension.
(c) Gudun jinin da ya yi ƙasa, wato hypotension.
Matsakaicin gudun jini da ake buƙata (normal range of blood pressure) ya danganta da shekaru ko yanayin mutum ne. Wato ana buƙatar lambar sama (systolic) da lambar ƙasa (diastolic) su kasance tsakanin da’irori kamar haka:
1. Jariri: Systolic = 72 mm Hg zuwa 104 mm Hg.
2. Ɗan shekara 1 zuwa 2: Systolic = 85 mm Hg zuwa 113 mm Hg. Diastolic = 37 mm Hg zuwa 69 mm Hg.
3. Ɗan shekara 3 zuwa 5: Systolic = 91 mm Hg zuwa 120 mm Hg. Diastolic = 46 mm Hg zuwa 60 mm Hg.
4. Ɗan shekara 6 zuwa 12: Systolic = 96 mm Hg zuwa 131 mm. Diastolic = 55 mm Hg zuwa 62 mm Hg.
5. Ɗan shekara 13 zuwa 17: Systolic = 80 mm Hg zuwa 120 mm Hg. Diastolic = 45 mm Hg zuwa 80 mm Hg.
6. Ɗan skekara 18 zuwa 50: Systolic = 120 mm Hg zuwa 130 mm Hg. Diastolic = 80 mm Hg zuwa 85 mm Hg.
7. Mace mai juna biyu: Systolic = 120 mm Hg zuwa 130 mm zuwa. Diastolic = 80 mm Hg zuwa 85 mm Hg.
8. Tsoho: Systolic = 120 mm Hg zuwa 140 mm. Diastolic = 80 mm Hg zuwa 90 mm Hg.
TASIRIN HAWAN JINI KO SAUKAR JINI DA ALAMOMINSU (EFFECTS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTENSION OR HYPOTENSION)
Tasirin hawan jini ko saukar jini yana bambanta a tsakanin mutane, kamar haka:
1. Jarirai: Ba a cika samun hawan jini ga jarirai ba. Idan aka ga jariri da hawan jini, to, lallai an haife shi da nakasar zuciya ne (heart defect), ko matsalar ƙoda (kidney problem). Alamominsa su ne yawan kuka, kasa shan nono, da rashin girma. Sa’annan ba a cika samun saukar jini ga jarirai ba.
Idan aka samu, lallai dalilinsa zai zamo rashin ruwan jiki (dehydration), ko zubewar jini (blood loss), ko ciwon zuciya (heart disease). Alamominsa su ne rashin shan nono, rashin walwala, da koɗewar fata (pale skin).
2. ‘Yan shekara 1 zuwa 10: Ba a cika samun hawan jini ga yara masu wannan shekarun ba. Idan kuwa ya same su, alamominsa sune ciwon kai (headache), gajiya (fatigue), riƙewar numfashi (shortness of breath), haɓo (nose bleeding), sanƙarewa (seizures), da rashin gani (vision problems). Idan ba a magance shi ba, zai iya lalata zuciya, ƙoda, da ƙwaƙwalwa.
Haka nan ba a cika samun saukar jini ga yara masu wannan shekarun ba. Idan aka samu, alamominsa su ne jiri (dizziness), suma (fainting), saurin bugawar zuciya (rapid heartbeat), da rashin ƙwarin jiki (weakness). Rashin magance shi zai iya lalata aikin ƙwaƙwalwa (impaired brain function), tsumburewa (growth retardation), da rikicewa (hypoxia).
3. ‘Yan shekara 11 zuwa 17: Ana samun hawan jini ga matasa masu wannan shekarun. Alamominsa su ne ciwon kai (headache), zafin kirji (chest pain), da zafin jiki (abdominal pain). Idan ba a magance shi ba, zai iya lalata zuciya, ƙoda, da ƙwaƙwalwa, da jijiyoyin jini.
Kuma zai iya kawo shanyewar tsagin jiki (stroke). Haka nan ana samun saukar jini ga matasa masu wannan shekarun. Alamominsa su ne ciwon kai (headache), zafin ƙirji (chest pain), da zafin jiki (abdominal pain). Rashin magance shi zai iya lalata zuciya, ƙoda, ƙwaƙwalwa, da jijiyoyin jini.
4. Baligai ‘yan shekara 18 zuwa 50: An fi samun hawan jini ga masu wannan shekarun. Alamominsa su ne ciwon kai (headache), jiri (dizziness), da rashin gani sosai (blurred vision). Idan ba a magance shi ba, zai iya haddasa ciwon zuciya (heart disease), shanyewar tsagin jiki (stroke), da lalacewar koda (kidney failure).
Haka nan an fi samun saukar jini ga baligai masu wannan shekarun. Alamominsa su ne jiri (dizziness), suma (fainting), da gajiya (fatigue). Rashin magance shi zai iya lalata ƙwaƙwalwa (impaired brain function), rikicewa (hypoxia), da gigicewa (shock).
5. Tsofaffi: An fi samun hawan jini ga tsofaffi. Alamominsa su ne ruɗewa (confusion), mantuwa (memory problems), kasa tafiya (difficulty in walking). Idan ba a magance shi ba, zai iya haddasa ciwon zuciya (heart disease), shanyewar tsagin jiki (stroke), da cutar mantuwa (dementia).
Haka nan an fi samun saukar jini ga tsofaffi. Alamominsa su ne jiri (dizziness), suma (fainting), da ruɗewa (confusion). Rashin magance shi zai iya lalata ƙwaƙwalwa (impaired brain function), rikicewa (hypoxia), da gigicewa (shock).
6. Masu juna biyu: Ana matuƙar samun hawan jini ga mata masu juna biyu har yakan kai matakin farko na ciwon jijjiga (preeclampsia). Alamominsa su ne kumburin jiki (abdominal swelling), ciwon kai (headache), rashin gani sosai (blurred vision), da ciwon jiki (abdominal pain).
Idan ba a magance shi ba, zai iya haddasa haihuwar bakwaini (preterm birth), haihuwar ƙanƙanin jariri (low weight of newborn), da matsaloli masu yawa ga uwa da jaririnta. Haka nan ana matuƙar samun saukar jini ga mata masu juna biyu. Alamominsa su ne jiri (dizziness), suma (fainting), da gajiya (fatigue).
Rashin magance shi zai iya hana samar da isasshen jini ga jariri a cikin mahaifa (impaired blood flow to fetus), ƙanƙancewar jariri (fetal growth restriction), ko ɓari (miscarriage). Idan ciki ya tsufa, to, saukar jini alama ce ta preeclampsia.
RABE RABEN HAWAN JINI (TYPES OF HYPERTENSION)
Hawan jini ya rabu gida biyu:
1. Hawan jini na asali (primary or essential hypertension): Shi ne wanda ba a san asalin abinda yake kawo shi ba, amma tsarin rayuwar mutum take haɓaka shi, kamar cin gishiri da yawa, rashin motsa jiki, tsufa, shan giya, ƙiba, gado, da sauransu.
2. Hawan jini mai dalili (secondary hypertension): Shi ne wanda wasu cututtuka ko amfani da wasu magunguna yake kawo shi, kamar matsalolin ƙoda, zuciya, ƙwaƙwalwa, da magungunansu.
MAGANI (TREATMENT)
Magance hawan jini yana da matuƙar alaƙa da tsarin rayuwar mutum, kamar motsa jiki, rage ƙiba, cin abinci mai kyau, da shan magani bisa umurnin likita. Shi ma saukar jini magance shi yana da alaƙa da magance abubuwan da suke kawo shi, kamar yawaita shan ruwa, da kauce ma abubuwan da jikin mutum yake bijire musu.
Karanta Bayani A Kan Budurci Da Kuskuren Da Ake Yi A Kan Rashinsa
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
