Fitowar Haƙora Ga Yara, Faɗuwarsu, Da Sake Fitowarsu

Yaran da ake goyonsu, suna fara fitar da haƙora ne da zarar sun cika watanni 6 da haihuwa, kuma shi ake kira “deciduous teething”. Haƙora za su cigaba da fitowa ɗaya-bayan-ɗaya har sai yaro ya kai shekaru shida da haihuwa.

RABE-RABEN HAƘORA

Haƙora sun rabu gida huɗu, kamar haka:

1. Haƙoran yanka abinci (incisors): su ne haƙoran gaba waɗanda suke fitowa a sama da ƙasan dasashi. Amfaninsu shi ne yanka abinci, domin suna da kaifi kamar wuƙa. Idan mutum zai yanki abinci da su, incisors ɗin sama da na ƙasa suna haɗewa kamar almakashi domin yanka abincin.

2. Mataimakan haƙoran yankan abinci (canines): su ne haƙora masu tsini a gefen dama da hagun incisors, a sama da ƙasan dasashi. Amfaninsu shi ne taimakon incisors wajen yanka abinci.

3. Hakoran tauna abinci (premolars): su ne haƙora masu faɗi waɗanda suke bi ma canines. Amfaninsu shi ne tauna abinci bayan incisors da canines sun yanka shi.

4. Turamen hakora (molars): su ne haƙora masu faɗi sosai na ƙarshen dasashi. Amfaninsu ɗaya yake da premolars wajen niƙe abinci.

YADDA HAƘORI YAKE FARA FITOWA (TEETHING PROCESS)

Idan yaro ya kai watanni 6 da haihuwa, haƙora za su fara turowa a kan dasashinsa. Amma ana samun yaran da suke kai wa watanni 12 ma kafin su fara haƙora, kuma hakan ba matsala ba ne. Yawanci incisors guda biyu ne suke fara fitowa a kan dasashin ƙasa. Daga nan sai incisors su biyo bayansu, sai kuma molars. A lokacin da yaro ya cika shekaru 3 da haihuwa, matasakaicin yawan haƙoran bakinsa sukan zamo guda 20.

FAƊUWAR HAƘORI (TEETH LOSS OR SHEDDING)

Kamar yadda haƙoran yaro suke fitowa a matakan watanni da shekaru daban-daban, haka faɗuwarsu yake zuwa, tare da fitowar wasu haƙoran na din-din-din. Yadda abin yake faruwa, shi ne:

1. Incisors na tsakiyar dasashin sama (central upper incisors), suna fitowa ne a tsakanin watanni 8 zuwa 12 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 7 da haihuwa.

2. Incisors na gefen dasashin sama (lateral upper incisors), suna fara fitowa ne a tsakanin watanni 9 zuwa 13 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 7 zuwa 8 da haihuwa.

3. Canines na sama (upper canines cuspid), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 12 zuwa 22 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

4. Molars na farko na sama (first upper molars), suna fara fitowa a tsakanin watanni 13 zuwa 19 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11 da haihuwa.

5. Molars na biyu na sama (second upper molars), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 25 zuwa 33 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

6. Molars na farko na ƙasa (first lower molars), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 14 zuwa 18 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11 da haihuwa.

7. Molars na biyu na ƙasa (second lower molars), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 23 zuwa 31 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

8. Canines na ƙasa (lower canines cuspid), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 17 zuwa 23 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

9. Incisors na gefen dasashin ƙasa (lateral lower incisors), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 10 zuwa 16 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 7 zuwa 8 da haihuwa.

10. Incisors na tsakiyar dasashin ƙasa (central lower incisors), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 6 zuwa 10 da haihu, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 7 da haihuwa.

Idan jariri ya kai wata 6, garkuwar jikinsa takan fara canzawa domin a daidai wannan lokacin ne ake buƙatar a fara ba shi wasu nau’ukan abinci bayan nonon uwa. Sa’annan a lokacin ne yaro yakan riƙa sanya abubuwan duk da ya raruma a cikin bakinsa. Hakan zai sanya shi cikin hatsarin kamuwa da cututtuka.

Alamomin rashin lafiya waɗanda yaro yakan nuna a daidai wannan lokacin su ne rashin bacci, yawan rigima, ƙurajen jiki, mura, dalalar miyau, cizon nono, da gudawa. Duk ana alaƙanta su da fitar haƙora. Sai dai waɗannan yanayin ba su daɗewa yaro zai warware.

Wani lokaci idan haƙori zai fito, za a ga wurin fitowar a kan dasashi ya ɗan kumbura kuma ya yi launin shuɗi-mai ruwan ƙasa (blue-grey), wanda ake kira “eruption cyst”. Amma ba ya daɗewa yakan baje da zarar haƙorin ya fito.

Sai dai ana buƙatar uwa ta taimakawa yaro domin samun sauƙin yanayin, ta hanyar mammatsa dasashin da hannunta mai tsabta, ba shi abin taunawa maras zaƙi, goge masa miyau mai dalala, ba shi maganin kashe raɗadi, da sauransu.

Fitowar haƙora ga yaro suna da matuƙar muhimmanci domin su ne suke bai wa yaron damar iya cin abincin manya, da fitar sautin magana babu gura-gura, da sanya kyawun fuska, da samar da gurbin fitowar haƙora na din-din-din.

Sa’annan yana da muhimmanci uwa ta kula da tsabtar haƙoran yaronta a lokacin da suke fitowa, ta hanyar wanke masa baki sau biyu a yini. Za ta iya yin amfani da brush maras ƙarfi tare da man goge baki. Idan aka lura da cewa haƙoransa sun sami matsala, to, a kai shi asibiti.

ZUBEWAR HAƘORA (TEETH LOSS OR SHEDDING)

Kamar yadda na faɗa a sama, haƙoran yarinta za su fara zubewa idan yaro ya kai shekara 6, domin haƙoran din-din-din su maye bayansu. Wannan shi ake kira ‘famfara” da Hausa. Wasu yaran ma sukan fara yin famfara tun suna da shekaru 4 da haihuwa.

HAƘORAN DIN-DIN-DIN (PERMANENT OR SECONDARY TEETH)

Haƙoran din-din-din su ne waɗanda mutum yake da su a lokacin da ya kai shekaru 21 da haihuwa kuma da su zai cigaba da rayuwa. Idan suka faɗi, ba za su sake fitowa ba, sai dai mutum ya rayu a matsayin wawulo. Ko kuma ya je asibiti a yi masa haƙoran roba.

Yawanci haƙoran din-din-din guda 32 ne, 16 a kan dasashin sama kuma 16 a a kan dasashin ƙasa. Amma akan sami mutanen da turamen haƙoransu na 3 (third molar teeth) su ƙi fitowa, don haka sai su zamo masu haƙora 28 maimakon 32.

Daga ƙarshe, ya kamata mu san cewa fitowar turmin haƙori na ƙarshen dasashi wanda Hausawa suke kira “haƙorin hankali”, ba shi ne yake nuna da zarar ya fito shikenan mutum zai zamo mai hankali ba. A a, abinda ake nufi shi ne idan shekarun mutum na haihuwa suka kai lokacin fitowarsa, to, ana kyautata zaton ya kai shekarun da ya kamata ya natsu.

Danna nan don karanta Harara Garke

Edita@rumasau-kallamu