Tag: Waƙoƙin Baka

Fitattun Iyayen Gida Na Ɗanƙwairo A Kiɗan Fada

Bisa dukkan hasashe, ubangida a wajen Makaɗi yakan zama mutum wanda ya nuna damuwa a harkoki da al’amurran makaɗi; wataƙila kuma makaɗin nan ya fi daidaita tunaninsa da zubin waƙoƙin da yake yi masa.

Ubangida yakan zama murabbi ta fuskar kyautata ayyukan makaɗa don su zama na ƙwarai.

Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo tun a farko-farkon tsundumarsa a cikin waƙoƙin baka, Allahu ya hore masa irin waɗannan dattawan iyayengida.

Muhimmai daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:

a) Abubakar na Birnin Ƙaya a Gundumar Maradun
b) ‘Yandoton Tsahe, Alhaji Aliyu II (1960-1991)
c) Sardaunan Sakkwato, Firimiyar Jihar Arewa, Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello Sakkwato (1962-1966)
d) Sarkin Maradun Alhaji Abubakar (1939-1964)
e) Sarkin Maradun Muhammadu Tambari (1964-1981)

f) Sarkin Maradun Ibrahim II, Maigandi (1981-2003)
g) Sarkin Daura, Alhaji Muhammadu Bashar (1966-2007)
h) Sarkin Sudan, Alhaji Shehu Malami Wurno
i) Sarkin Das, Alhaji Bilyaminu Usman
j) Da sauransu

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Ƙungiyar Makaɗa Musa Ɗanƙwairo Ta Kiɗa danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Waƙa A Matsayin Sana’a danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin; Tarihin Rayuwa Da Halifofin Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun A Aiwatarwa Da Sadar Da Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa; wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

01/09/2025
Sauya Akalar Kiɗan Gado Zuwa Na Fada Da Na Game-Gari

Makaɗa Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun tun yana cikin aiwatar da kiɗa na Gayauna; wato tun kafin a naɗa shi Sarautar Sarkin Kiɗan Sarkin Maradun yake shigowa da wasu halaye masu jan hankali; da buɗa ido a yanayin kiɗan da ya taras iyaye da kakanni suna yi a gidansu.

Domin haka tun a aiwatar da waƙoƙin baka na Gayauna Musa Ɗanƙwairo yake shiryawa da sadar da:

i) Waƙoƙin Noma

A waƙoƙin noma, Makaɗa Musa Ɗanƙwairo, ya yi farin jini sosai, jama’a sun so waƙoƙinsa, musamman waƙoƙi na noma; waƙoƙi ne da suke ƙunshe da lugga da zaɓaɓɓun kalmomi. Ga kuma zayyana faruwar abubuwa da adonta harshen waƙa tun ma ba a turken yabo; da ɗiya na zambo da ba’a da sauransu ba. Sannan ga Ɗanƙwairo da murya mai zaƙi da kaurara zance kuma mai jan hankali mai sauraro.

ii) Waƙoƙin Fada

Waƙoƙin fada, waƙoƙi ne waɗanda Ɗanƙwairo ya yi wa ‘ya’yan Sarakuna da Sarakuna kansu da Hakimai; da Dagatai da masu riƙe da muƙaman Sarauta da sauran masu jinin Sarauta da makamantansu.

iii) Sarkin Kiɗa

Makaɗa Abdu Kurna Maradun (1899-1962) yayan Ɗanƙwairo, ya lura da irin tumbatsa cikin ƙwarewar da Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo ya samu a kiɗan noma da na fada (Sarauta); inda kuma ya dinga kai gayaunan kiɗa, ya sutta kuma ya jima.

Abdu Kurna ya dinga jan kunnuwan Musa Ɗanƙwairo, yana yi masa kandarki, har dai wata rana ya gaya wa ubangidansa, Sarkin Ƙayan Maradun da bakin waƙa yana shaida masa:

Jagora: Sarkin Ƙaya wa Ƙwairo faɗa,
‘Y/Amshi: Bai barin halinai,
Jagora: Daga zuwa Maƙera, ni maikiɗi,
: Ban ji labarinai ba,
: Sai can zuwa Ɗanmanau,
: Na Ruwan Kiɗi sa sirdi,
‘Y/Amshi: Hau ko kana gane shi,
: Na Ruwan kiɗi hau doki,
: Tahi ko kana iske mai,
: Shi yay yi damben girma,
: Jikan Hassan ɗan Iro,
: Sarkin Ƙaya mai gayya,
: Na Magaji ba tagewa.

(Musa Ɗanƙwairo, Waƙar Shi yay yi dambe girma & Gusau, 1988: sh. 224).

iv) Waƙoƙi Game -Gari

Kurwar Musa Ɗanƙwairo ta waƙar baka ba ta keɓe shi ya tsaya a rera waƙoƙin noma ko na fada ba. Musa Ɗanƙwairo ya kawo wani yanayin sussuka da daddare; yayin da ya shigo da aiwatarwa da rera waƙoƙin da a yau nake kira da waƙoƙi Game-Gari (Gusau, 2008a, sh. 161-162).

Waƙoƙi Game-Gari kuwa sun ƙunshi waƙoƙin Malamai da Alƙalai da Lauyoyi da Attajirai; da sauran ‘Yan Kasuwa da Ma’aikata da ‘Yansiyasa da siyasar kanta da Sojoji da Jarumai da Dakaru da sauran Mayaƙa; da Mafarauta da Maharba da masu sana’o’i da Samari da ‘Yanmata da Dabbobi da Tsuntsaye da Ƙwari da Gulabe da Dazuzzuka da sauran madangantan waɗannan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Fitattun Iyayengida Na Ɗanƙwairo a Kiɗan Fada danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin; Tarihin Rayuwa Da Halifofin Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun A Aiwatarwa Da Sadar Da Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa; wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

28/08/2025
Kiɗa Da Waƙoƙin Makaɗa Musa Ɗanƙwairo

Kiɗa da waƙa ta baka wani fage ne wanda yawancin makaɗa masu tunani da ƙwaƙwalwa da fasahar shirya kalmomi; musamman ta fuskar zaɓensu da baiwa ta hangen nesa da furuci mai cusa tarbiyya ta ruhi da ta gangar jiki suke aiwatarwa ga al’ummominsu.

Wasu ladubban waƙoƙin baka sun haɗa da bayanai na tarbiyyatarwa da faɗakarwa da jan hankali; zuwa ga kyawawan ayyuka da halaye na gari, musamman waɗanda al’umma da addinin al’umma suke aiki da su.

Domin haka, waƙar baka ta ƙunshi wasu matakai da sigogi na aiwatarwa wato shiryawa da ƙullawa; da kuma rerawa tare da sadar da ita ga al’umma. Kuma waɗannan su ne suke ɗaukar hankalin al’umma wajen sauraron waƙoƙin baka da aiki da su.

Makaɗin baka yakan zama tilas ya san waɗannan ladubban waƙar baka; waɗanda Allahu yake yi masa ilhama da su ta hanyoyin koyo da biyayya ko jibilliyya ko bisa wata buƙata ta rayuwa.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani akan Musa Ɗanƙwairo a Koyo da Biyayyar Waƙa danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani akan Mawaƙan Da Ake Yi Wa Kiɗan Fiyano danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin; Tarihin Rayuwa Da Halifofin Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun A Aiwatarwa Da Sadar Da Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa; wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

25/07/2025
Waƙoƙin Fada Da Wasu Waƙoƙi Game-Gari

1.1 Abdu Inka Bakura : : : : : :

‘Shi mika dibi Mujaddadi.’
Sarkin Musulmi Alhaji Sir Abubakar III : : :
‘Akwai Haƙuri ga Shehu Majidaɗi.’
Waƙar Alhaji Shehu Majidaɗi : : : :

1.2 Muhammadu Sani Dodo Maitabshi, Wurno : :

‘Ki Sake Sarkin Sudan.’
Waƙar Sarkin Sudan na Wurno, Alhaji Shehu Malami :
1.3 Sani Mamman Inyaga Argungu : : : :
‘Mamman Sadaukin Sarakuna.’
Waƙar Sarkin Kabin Argungu, Alhaji Muhammadu Mera :

1.4 Aliyu Gurso Talatar Mafara : : : :

‘Bajini ɗan Moyi na Amadu.’
Waƙar Sarkin Musulmi, Alhaji Sir Abubakar III
(1938-1988) : : : : : :
‘Bi da Maza Uban Zagi na Sanda.’
Waƙar Sarkin Maru, Banaga Muhammadu Bature :
‘Namijin Zaki Tsayayyen Maza.’
Waƙar Sarkin Maru, Banaga Muhammadu Bature :

‘Faskara koyo Mamman maqi garaje.’
Waqar Sarkin Maru, Banaga Muhammadu Bature :

1.5 Sa’idu Maidaji Sabon Birni : : : :

‘Gagara gasa ‘yak Kaso.’
Waqar Sa’idu Maidaji ta Innar Gobir Sabon Birni :
‘Ƙi Garaje Uban Meli bai Ɗauki Wargi ba.’
Waƙar Sa’idu Maidaji ta ‘Ƙi Garaje’ : : :

1.6 Sa’idu Faru : : : : : :

‘Kana shire baban ‘Yanruwa.’
Waƙar Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato, Alhaji Muhammadu
Macciɗo : : : : : :

1.7 Idi Ɗangiwa Zuru : : : : : :

‘Tankwafau namijin Zaki.’
Waƙar Sarkin Sudan na Kwantagora Sa’idu : :
‘Gwauron giwa shirinka yai kyau.’
Waƙar Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Aminu : :
‘Qi garaje bai ɗau Wargi ba.’
Waƙar Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Aminu : :

1.8 Muhammadu Dodo Maitabshi : : : :

‘Ya ci dunun yaƙi.’
Waƙar Sarkin Gobir na Gwadabawa, Alhaji Muhammadu
Maiturare : : : : : :
‘Ya Ɗau Girma na Hwaɗa.’
Waƙar Sarkin Gobir na Gwadabawa, Alhaji Muhammadu
Maiturare : : : : : :

1.9 Ibrahim Gurso Talatar Mafara : : : :

‘Mai taimakar Musulmi Kullum.’
Waƙar Sarkin Musulmi, Alhaji Hassan ɗan Mu’azu :
‘Gwarzo mai Saje.’

Waƙar Sardauna Abubakar III, (Kafin ya zama
Sarkin Musulmi) : : : : :
‘Mijin maza jikan Mu’azu’
Waƙar Sardauna Abubakar III, (Kafin ya zama
Sarkin Musulmi) : : : : :

1.10 Alhaji Bala, Sarkin Taushi Sarkin Kano : :

‘Lamiɗo mai rabo da yawa Ɗanmaje.’
Waƙar Ɗanmajen Kano, Alhaji Muhammadu Sanusi II
(Kafin ya zama Sarkin Kano) : : : :
‘Shi a gaba ya wuce gwangwani.’
Waƙar Danmajen Kano, Alhaji Muhammadu Sanusi II
(Kafin ya zama Sarkin Kano) : : : :

1.11 Ibrahim Narambaɗa, Tubali-Isa (ya Rasu 1960) : :

‘Tattaki Maza ɗan Shehu na Babba.’
Waƙar Magaji Shadawu ta Dagacin Tubali, Isa :
‘Bajimin ɗan Jika.’
Waƙar Sarkin Rahi, Muhammadu na Rahi : :
‘Yai Halin Mazan Jiya.’
Waƙar Sarkin Kwatarkwashi, Alhaji Amadu : :
‘Gagarau mai Buge Kangara.’
Waƙar ‘Yandoton Tsafe, Alhaji Aliyu (1960-1991):
‘Mai Gusau Raba Kaya.’
Waƙar Sarkin Kudan Gusau, Alhaji Sulaiman :

1.12 Alhaji Dr. Mamman Shata Katsina : : :

‘Da Akwai Daɗi Zaman Ƙauye.’
Waƙar Zama a Ƙauye : : : :
‘Bawan Allah Yakubu Gawon.’
Waƙar Tsohon Shugaban Ƙasa, Dr. Yakubu Gowan:
‘Gagarabadau Namiji Tsayayyen ɗan Kasuwa.’
Waƙar Sarkin Musawa, Alhaji Usman (1949-1965) :

1.13 Muhammadu Isa Gawo-Haraɗo (Mamman Gawo) :

‘Ya Allah Gyara.’
Waƙar Mamman Gawo ta Jamhuriyyar Nijar :
‘Nijeriya da Nijar Daidai Suke.’
Waƙar Mamman Gawo ta Nijeriya da Nijar ta
‘Ya Rabbi Sarki mai Jama’a’ : : : :
‘Allah shi ba mu Sa’a.’
Waƙar Mamman Gawo ta ‘Allah Shi ba mu Sa’a’ :
‘Sannu Yalwa Ɗiyar Malam.’
Waƙar Mamman Gawo ta ‘Sannu Yalwa’ : :
‘Muna Murna ‘yan Nijeriya Duka Baki ɗai.’
Waƙar Mamman Gawo ta ‘Muna Murna ‘yan
Nijeriya.’ : : : : : :
‘Yau mun kai ga Daɗi da Mulkin Soja yaz zo.’
Waƙar Mamman Gawo ta ‘Allah Kai Ruwa’ ta
Mulkin Soja Shugaba Sani Ƙunci : : :

1.14 Auwalu Nahabu Ibrahim : : : : :

‘Kiɗin Siti Ilorin.’
Waƙar Auwalu Nahabu Ibrahim ta ‘Kiɗin Siti Ilorin :
‘Tambarin RDPC.’
Waƙar Auwalu Nahabu Ibrahim ta ‘Tambarin
RDPC’: : : : : : :
‘Tambarin Auwal Nahabu Ibrahim.’
Waƙar Auwalu Nahabu Ibrahim ta ‘Tambari’ :

1.15 Makaɗiya: Hajiya ‘Yargado Mai’amada

‘La’ilaha illallah’ : : : : : :
‘Lale – Lale in Dire’ : : : : :
‘Dangwale Yarinya Dangwale : : : :
‘Yargadagar Gadagalle’ : : : : :

1.16 Hajiya Sa’adatu Barmani Coge : : : :

‘Allah ka ba mu Nairori.’
Waƙar Barmani Coge ta ‘Allah ka ba mu Nairori.’ :
‘Gangar Ɗa’a.’
Waƙar Barmani Coge ta ‘Gangar Ɗa’a : : :

1.17 Bawa Namiji Jega : : : : :

‘Gyara Gari Rambo Sarkin Aiki.’
Waƙar Bawa Namiji Jega ta ‘Gyara Gari Rambo’ :
‘Ba yaƙi Ɗai ay Yaƙi ba.’
Waƙar Bawa Namiji Jega ta ‘Ba Yaƙi Ɗai ay
Yaƙi ba.’ : : : : : :

1.18 Haruna Uji Haɗeja : : : :

‘Kainuwa Dashen Allah.’
Waƙar Haruna Uji ta ‘Kainuwa Dashen Allah’ : :
‘Shamuwa’
Waƙar Haruna Uji ta Shamuwa’ : : :

1.19 Sani Ɗan’indo Gusau : : : : :

‘Yangayu.’
Waƙar Sani Ɗan’indo ta ‘Yangayu’ : : :
‘Mu koma Sakkwato.’
Waƙar Sani Ɗan’indo ta ‘Mu Koma Sakkwato’ :

1.20 Alhaji Ɗanjuma Ɗanƙwairo Maradun : : :

‘Na Sarkin Bai ba a ja ka ba.’
Waƙar Ɗanjuma Ɗanƙwairo Maradun ta ‘Na Sarkin
Bai ba a ja ka ba.’ : : : : :
‘Uban Inuwa ɗan Indo’
Waƙar Sarkin Kiɗa Ɗanjuma Ɗanƙwairo Maradun ta
‘Uban Inuwa.’ : : : : : :

1.21 Malam Ashana Ɗankama, Kano : : :

‘Mr. Ojuku (Sojojin Tuwo).’
Waƙar Malam Ashana Ɗankama ta ‘Mr. Ojuku’ :
1.22 Nura S. Fada : : : : : :
‘Sarkin Jeganmu, Zaki Kake ba a yi Maka Ɓamɓarma.’
Waƙar Nura S. Fada ta ‘Sarkin Jeganmu’ : :

1.23 Amadu Mailauni Bakura : : : :

‘Shugaban Ƙasa mai ban Tsoro.’
Waƙar Amadu Mailauni Bakura ta ‘Shugaban Ƙasa’
Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari : : :
‘Za mu Shirin Waƙar Jam’iyyar NPN mai Haske.’
Waqar Amadu Mailauni Bakura ta ‘Za mu Shirin
Waƙar Jam’iyyar NPN mai Haske’ : : :

1.24 Usman Sarki Shiyar Fada Birnin Kebbi : : :

‘Yan Zanzari Shahada Ƙarya ku kai.’
Waƙar Usman Sarki Shiyar Fada ta ‘Yan Zanzari’ :
‘Yan Zanzarin Shiga Wuta a yi Hattara.’
Waqar Usman Sarki Shiyar Fada ta ‘Yan Zanzarin
Shiga Wuta’ : : : : : :
‘Sakamakon Janar Buratai Nijeriya ta Zamo Tsaf-Tsaf.’
Waƙar Usman Sarki Shiyar Fada ta ‘Sakamakon.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani akan Wasu Waƙoƙin Farfesa Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayan a kan Tarihin Magabata da Haihuwar Ɗanƙwairo danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka Juzu’i Na Biyar (Matanonin Wasu Zaɓaɓɓun Waƙoƙin Makaɗan Baka); wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

16/04/2025
Makaɗi a Sarrafa Harshen Waƙa

Kamar yadda aka yi bayani a baya, makaɗi yana amfani da gurbin furuci na gaɓoɓi a cikin kalmomi da jimloli ya samar da zubin waƙa.

Ta haka makaɗi yake sarrafa harshe, ya harhaɗa ƙwayoyin sauti da amon kiɗa, ya saƙa saɗaru cikin ɗiya, ya rera wa masu ji da sauraro saƙonni masu ɗaga hankali, masu cika fuska, masu daɗi, masu garɗi masu shaguɓe da baƙar magana, masu fallasa muruwa da soke daraja, masu barkwanci, masu tumasanci, masu nuna kasawa, masu ƙasƙantawa da sauransu waɗanda kuma suke yi domin manufofi mabambanta.

A wajen ɗorawa da tafiyar da harshen waƙa, makaɗan baka na Hausa suna bin hanyoyi iri-iri waɗanda muhimmai daga cikinsu suka haɗa da:

4.1 Harshe na Nuna Hikima

Hikima a harshe ta shafi iya magana bisa dacewa da manufa ba tare da tsawaitawa ba. Hikima kuma takan danganci ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwa ko ƙarfin basira wajen gina zance mai ma’ana tare da ayyana manufa daga mutum ɗaya-ɗaya ko al’umma. A wani bi ma manufar hikima ba takan bayyana a sarari ba, takan zama a sakaye ta yadda a kullum za a dinga ƙoƙarin fahimta ko ganowa.

Hikima kuma takan zama yin wani abu wanda zai birge mutane (CNHN, 2006: 200). Yahya (2012: 238) shi kuma yana ganin hikima wadda ta jiɓinta da harshe takan shafi hanya ko matsalolin rayuwa ta bayyana su cikin zaɓen kalmomi da za su ɗora a kan zance mai armashi.

Makaɗan Hausa sukan yi amfani da harshe mai hikima domin sakaya zance ko su kaifafa tunani ko su zurfafa tunani ko su taƙaita ma’ana ko su saka galmi a zance ko su kawar da gwangwani ko su saka gwangwani ko su yi barkwanci ko su dagule tunani ko su ƙawata rai ko su saka jin daɗi ka su burkuta zuciya ko su tayar da hankali da sauransu.

Sau da yawa kuma makaɗan sukan saka wasu maganganu na hikima ko azancin harshen Hausa kamar karin magana da baƙar magana da ba’a da shaguɓe da zambo da habaici da kirari da makamantansu waɗanda makaɗan suke ƙawatawa tare da taƙaita tunaninsu a waƙoƙinsu.

Haka kuma makaɗa sukan yi amfani da dabaru na jan hankali waɗanda suke raɗe da hikima cikin kwatantawa da ƙarfafawa da jaddadawa da shirɓacen kalmomi ko na ma’anoni duka a mabambantan zubi na ɗiyan waƙoƙinsu. A wannan ɓangare, makaɗan sukan yi kamantawa da siffantawa da jinsintarwa da alamtarwa da kinaya da gamin bautar kalmomi da jaddadar ƙarfafawa da zubi mai jan rai da baubawan burmi da sauransu (Ɗangambo, 2007: 43-54).

Misali, idan aka dubi waƙar Shata ta ‘Sani Audi’ da ta ‘Habu na Habu’ da ta ‘Ummaru ɗan Ɗanduna na Gwandu’, za a ga Shata ya sarrafa hikimomin harshe iri-iri cikin mabambantan manufofi.

Tabbas harshe na nuna hikima a wajen ciro kalmomi na gwaninta da kwatance na ayyana wani yanayi ko siffa ko hali za a iya ganin misalin haka a wannan ɗa na waƙar ‘Gwabron giwa uban Galadima ɗan Sambo, ginshimi, Ginshiƙan Amadu na Maigandi kai a uban Zagi’:

Jagora: Ɗiyan Alibawa ku hanƙure,
‘Y/Amshi: Don Allah ya yo uban zagi, x2
: Domin kura ta wuce,
: Ana ɓacin laka kamar ita,
Jagora: Domin,
‘Y/Amshi: Kura ta wuce, ana ɓacin laka kama ita.
Jagora: Ko jiya na iske gamdayaƙi da tuji,
: Sun iske jinjimi,
: To sun ko mirɗa gardama,
: Sun iske su bubuƙuwa ruwa,

‘Y/Amshi: Dannan ni kau ina gaton gaɓa,
: Sai niƙ ƙwala gaisuwa,
: Su ko sun daƙile ni duk,
: Ni ko niƙ ƙara gaisuwa,
: Dannan gurbin da a cikin gurbi,
: ya amsa gaisuwa.
Jagora: Dannan sai jinjimi da yas sullata,
: Yas suntule su dut,
‘Y/Amshi: Shi ko tuji da ad da girman baki,
: Yak kwashe jinjimi,
: Dannan bubuƙuwa da tur rura,
: Tag gangame su dut,
: Rannan nis san duniyag ga,
: Komina ne wani mayin wani,
Jagora: Rannan,
‘Y/Amshi: Nis san duniyag ga
: Komina ne wani mayin wani.
(Gusau, 2009:145)

4.2 Harshe na Nuna Fasaha da Nagarta

A Ƙamusun Hausa an bayyana fasaha ita ce gwaninta ko ƙwarewa (CNHN, 2006:136). Ita kuma kalmar nagarta tana nufin kyawun abu ko ingancinsa (CNHN, 2006: 355).

Makaɗan baka na Hausa sukan yi amfani da harshe mai nuna fasaha ta fito da gwanintar abu ko ƙwarewar wani abu kan wani ko kuma harshe mai fitar da nagarta a kan kyawo ko inganci na wani abu. Yanayin harshe na nuna nagartar abubuwa a rayuwa ya mamaye zubi na waƙoƙin baka na Hausa har ma wasu daga cikin makaɗan sukan bayyana nagarta da zubi na fasaha na waƙoƙinsu.

Bawa Namiji Jega a wani ɗan waƙa ya tabbatar da fasahae harshe ita ce ke gaba, mai yin jagoranci a wajen shiryawa da rera waƙa mai ma’ana, mai garɗi.

Dubin abin da yake faɗa:

Jagira: Kalangu na da daɗi,
: In ga fasaha ta yi.
‘Y/Amshi: Shalla Barayar Kada,
: Fadama da sanyi take.
(Bawa Namiji Jega: Waƙar ‘Shalla Barayar Kada’)

Ibrahim Narambaɗa ya nuna fasaha tana daga cikin hanyoyin sarrafa harshe da ke nuna darajar makaɗi a fagen waƙa. Yana cewa:

Jagora: Ai ba a gama ni da yaro,
: Na san yaro bai yi mƙamina ba,
: Ka ku gama ni da yaro,
: Na san yaro bai yi zalaƙata ba,
: Ka ku gama ni da yaro,
: Na san yaro bai yi fusahata ba,
: Ka ku gama ni da yaro,
: Ƙaryab banza,
: Yaro bai kai inda Narambaɗa,
: Mai tabarukun Sarki,
: Gogarman Tudu jikan Sanda,
: Maza su ji tsoron ɗan mai Hausa.
(Gusau, 2003: 74).

Fasaha da nagartar harshe sun bayyana a zubin wannan ɗa na waƙar ‘Abin duniya tahowa na’:

Jagora: Na ji an ce a daina ma al’ada,
: Al’ada tana nan tana aiki,
: Karatun mutum bai wuce salla,
: Dole sai an yi Alhamdu Lillahi,
: To, ashe ko kana nan ga al’ada,
: Kowaɗ ɗauki kayan da bai ima,
: Bawa tilas ya dawo ya yasshe su,
: Abin duniya mai tahowa na,
: Ran da duk ya wuce sai ga labari,
: Sai ga labarin nan a tashe shi,
: Wane ai yayi irin tashi.

Jagora: Rigimar mutum dut ta rai nai ta,
: Ran da dut babu rai tashi ta ƙare,
: Kur’ani babu gamtsi ciki,
: To Hadisi da ko ba a ruwaito ba,
: Abin ga ko ko zari na mu tanye ku,
: Abin duniya mai tahowa na,
: Ran da duk ya wuce sai ga labari,
: Sai ga labarin nan a tashe shi,
: Wane ai yayi irin tashi.
(Bawa Namiji Jega: Waƙar ‘Abin Duniya’)

Daga cikin waƙoƙin da makaɗan Hausa suka aiwatar masu ɗauke da harshe na fasaha da nuna nagarta akwai waƙar ‘Ɗan’adam’ da waƙar ‘Aiki duka aiki ne’ da waƙar ‘Tica uban karatu’ na Ɗanmaraya Jos da waƙar ‘Mai Martaba ɗan Bayero’ da waƙar ‘Kano garin saye da sayarwa’ da waƙar ‘Na ɗauki angara na saƙala’ na Aminu Ladan Abubakar, Alan Waƙa da makamantansu.

4.3 Harshe na Nuna Yanayi

A luggance kalmar yanayi tana iya zama hali irin wanda ake ciki, kamar damina ko sanyi ko zafi ko bazara da sauransu (CNHN, 2006:478). A ma’ana ta fannu, yanayi yakan nufi bayyana halayyar abu ko halin aukuwar abubuwa ko nuna kamanni na abubuwa (Gusau, 2008:463).

Sau da yawa, makaɗan Hausa sukan zaɓo kalmomi su sarrafa su a waƙa su kuma dace da halayyar aukuwar abubuwa da wuri da lokaci da fasalin abu. A waƙar ‘Haji Garban Bichi ɗan Shehu’, Shata yana gaya wa Alhaji Garban Bichi game da harkokinsa na ciniki cewa:

Jagora: kaka ta matso uban Nura,
: Gyaɗa ta fara jar fata,
‘Y/Amshi: Haji Garban Bichi ɗan Shehu.

Jagora: Auduga ta fara kitse Garba,
: Gyaɗa ta fara jar fata,
‘Y/Amshi: Haji Garban Bichi ɗan Shehu.

Jagora: Gabas riƙa yamma ta kama,
: Gusun riƙa arewa ta samu,
: Baba gabas riƙa na yamma sun samu,
: Gusun riqa arewa ta kama,
:Kaka ta yi uban nura,
‘Y/Amshi: Haji Garban Bichi ɗan Shehu.
(Gusau, 2009:340-341)

4.4 Harshe na Gwagwarmaya

A wata ma’ana an nuna gwagwarmaya tana nufin yin fama ko karawa da wani (CNHN, 2006: 180). Wata ma’ana ta gwagwarmaya takan ƙunshi bijirereniya ko fanɗarewa ko kangara. A gwagwarmaya akan ƙarfafa hanyoyin ƙwatar rayuwa kamar neman abinci ko kiyaye haƙƙi ko neman waraka daga wata cuta ta bayyane ko ta ɓoye ko kishin ƙasa da al’adu ko kishin addini ko makamantan waɗannan hanyoyi.

Wasu makaɗan Hausa sukan shirya waƙoƙi bisa harshe na gwagwarmaya da ke neman daidaito a rayuwar al’umma. Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin baka waɗanda aka shirya su ta harshen gwagwarmaya sun haɗa da waƙar ‘Buɗaɗɗiyar Wasiƙa’ da ta ‘Raba Gardama Ɗansani’ da ta ‘Alƙalami ya zarce takobi’ da waƙar ‘Jami’a Gidan ban Kashi’ 1-3 na Aminu Ladan Abubakar, Alan Waƙa.

Akwai waƙar ‘Shegiyar uwa mai kashe ‘ya’yanta PDP’ ta Haruna Aliyu Ningi da Waƙar ‘Haɗa kan Nijeriya’ ta Musa Ɗanba’u da waƙar ‘Babbar Ƙasar Shehu Ɗanfodiyo’ ta Alhaji Mamman Sarkin Taushin Katsina da waƙar ‘Haɗa kan Nijeriya’ ta Ɗanmaraya Jos da waƙar ‘Allah rayan jihar Katsina’ da ta ‘Muriki Abincinmu’ na Gargajiya na Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina da makamantansu.

4.5 Harshe na Faɗakarwa

Kalmar faɗakarwa tana nufin faɗakarwa ko luraswa ko yin nuni ko ishara domin a lura. Kalma ce wadda take daga faɗaka wato farka ko lura ko kula (CNHN, 2006:129). Maganar Hikima wadda Hausawa suke cewa, ‘nuni cikin nishaɗi’ tana nufin yin faɗakarwa cikin wata siga ta raha ta amfani da harshe mai karsashi, mai daɗin ji, mai motsa rai.

A faɗakarwa ana tunatar da mutum ne a kan waɗansu al’amuran rayuwa waɗanda suke yi masa tambihi ya aiwatar da su ko kuma ya guje musu. Yawanci a faɗakarwa akan ƙara tunasarwa ne, ko a lura da wasu abubuwa, ko a janyo hankali zuwa gare su (Auta, 2008:75-76).

A harshen waƙa makaɗan Hausa sukan yi faɗakarwa a kan wasu abubuwa na al’umma domin su tunashe su, su lurar da su ta amfani da kalmomi na nasiha da wayar da kai da jawo hankali, musamman akan yin aure da neman aure da zaman aure da zawarci da haƙƙoƙin iyaye da na ‘ya’ya da yaran gida da faɗakar da matakan zamantakewa a gida da unguwa da gari da ƙasa da tuni kan matsayi da halayen sababbin abubuwa masu faruwa a rayuwar al’umma da sauran abubuwa na zamantakayya.

Akwai waƙoƙin baka da yawa matuƙa a kan harshen faɗakarwa, kuma har wa yau makaɗa na ta aiwatar da su. Misalan waƙoƙin harshen faxakarwa sun haxa da waqar ‘Jawabin Aure’ da waqar Kwalara’ da waƙar ‘Gulmawuya’ na Ɗanmaraya Jos da waƙar ”Don salla da Salatil-Fati’ da waƙar ‘Noma aikin ‘Yan’arewa’ na Alhaji Mamman Shata da waƙar ‘Cutar Taɓin Hankali’ da waƙar;’Irin Ginin Sakarkari’ na Alan Waƙa da waƙar ‘Naira da Kwabo Sabon Kuɗi Haruna Uji da sauransu.

4.6 Harshe na Nuna Alhini

Kalmar alhini tana nuni a kan juyayi ko tausayawa a kan wani rashi na mutuwa (CNHN, 2006:12). Harshen alhini, harshe ne wanda ake ɗura wa kalmomi na yin ta’aziyya tare da sanyaya wa mutum da aka yi wa rashi tare da ba shi haƙuri da yin addu’a.

Makaɗan Hausa sukan yi alhinin mutuwa a zubin waƙoƙinsu, musamman ma waƙoƙin turken ta’aziyya. Tubalan ginin harshen alhini ya ƙunshi kalmomi na tausayawa da juyayi da nuna jimami da addu’a da ba da haƙuri da kalmomin sambarka a kan halayen mai mutuwa ko kalmomi masu tuna ayyukan da ya yi kyawawa, ayyuka na taimako, ayyuka na inganta rayuwa da sauransu. Misalan waƙoƙi na harshen alhini sun hada da waƙar ‘Allah jiƙan Ciroman Gwambe’ ta Mamman Shata da waƙar ‘Mutuwa ba ki da sabo’ ta Abdussalam, Shatan Nijar da waƙar ‘Ɗamarar ko ta Kwana’ ta Alan Waƙa da sauransu.

Dubi abin da Shata ya faɗa a harshen ta’aziyya cikin alhini:

Jagora: Kowa yam mutu bai sauri ba,
: Mu da muke nan ba mu daɗe ba,
: Sai mun zo Ciroman Gwambe.
‘Y/Amshi: Allah jiƙan Ciroman Gwambe.

A wani ɗa Shata yana cewa:
Jagora: Ni me zance ma Sarkin Gwambe,
: Sarkin Gwambe ya yi rashi,
: Haka ni ma Mammalo mai ganga,
‘Y/Amshi: Allah jiƙan Ciroman Gwambe.
(HBTKA, 2003:32&38).

4.7 Harshe na Sanya Sambarka

Sambarka, kalma ce wadda ake amfani da ita don nuna godiya ko yabo ko murna, takan ɗauki ma’anar ‘Allah ya sa albarka. Haka kuma takan nufi tubarkalla ko madalla ko sanya albarka (CNHN, 2006:386).

Waƙoƙin Hausa suna cike da harshe cikin kalmomi masu yabo ko yabau ko bege, kalmomi na nuna sambarka, kalmomi masu saka jin daɗi, kalmomi na ayyana soyayya ko ƙauna, kalmomi masu nuna yanayi na farin ciki ko sakin fuska ko sakin jiki ko farar zuciya ta yin magana kwakkyawa, ta baza alheri, ta baza kyauta, ko nuna hannun baiwa da sauran maganganu masu saka wa jiki annashuwa, ita kuma zuciya ta faranta har a wani lokaci ta ɗimauta, idanu su dinga zubar da hawaye domin daɗi.

Harshe mai saka tsima ta sambarka ya ƙarfafa a waƙoƙin baka na Hausa waɗanda ake yi wa masoya da waɗanda ake ƙauna kamar malamai da sarakuna da attajirai da iyaye, maza da mata, da sauran mutane masu ayyukan bajinta, masu ɗaukaka darajar al’ummar Hausawa.

Mai waƙa Yakubu Muhammad ya yi ishara wadda ya nuna yabo, ta amfani da kalmomin sambarka, yakan saka daɗin zance ya jaddada ƙauna a inda ya ce:

Jagora: Imbambaliba imbambalibo,
: Biyayya daraja ce,
: Yabo daɗin zance,
: Ƙauna ai ƙima ce,
: Son ki gare ni ai hujja ce,
‘Y/Amshi: Alambiyo-biyo yaran badali,
: An yi bibiyo sai in da dalili.
(Yakubu Muhammad: Waƙar ‘Imbambaliba’)

Wannan fage mai faɗi ne wanda yake da waƙoƙi masu ɗimbin yawa, kila waɗanda ma baza a iya gane adadi na yawansu ba. Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙi na harshen nuna sambarka su ne waqar ‘Abdullahi shugaban sahu’ da waƙar ‘Mai yawuri bangon daniya’ da waƙar ‘Babban bijimi Muhammadu Sama’ na Aliyu Ɗandawo da waƙar ‘Amadun Bubakar gwarzon Yari’ da waƙar ‘Gogarman Tudu jikan Sanda’ na Ibrahim Narambaɗa da waƙar ‘Mai dubun nasara garnaƙaƙi sardauna’ da waƙar ‘Zaki ba a ja ka wasa ba’ da waƙar ‘Babban jigo na Yari’ na Musa Ɗanƙwairo da waƙar ‘Bijimin gidan Bello Mamman na Yari’ da waƙar ‘Tsakin Tama na Abashe’ da sauransu.

Sa’idu Faru ya gaya wa Sarkin Musulmi Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo wasu halaye nasa tun a lokacin da yake riƙe da sarautar Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato har yake gaya masa Sarkin Musulmi ne na wata rana. Ga abin da ya ce:

Jagora: Maganag ga da za ni faɗa maka,
: Gagarau ɗan Aliyu kai mana gafara,
: Wada duk aka gadon ƙasura,
: Wada duk aka gadon ɗaukaka,
: Wadda duk aka gadon ci gaba,
: Mamman ka gaji Abubakar
: Ko da sayen halin nan akai,
‘Y/Amshi: Baba halin da ka kai kuɗɗi shikai.

Ya ci gaba da cewa:

Jagora: Diba ƙafarka zuwa bisa hannuwa,
: Zaman Shaihu na ba wata sa’ida,
: Sarkin Musulmi wataran kake,
: Da imani da mu’ujjiza,
‘Y/Amshi : Na nan ga Malam Macciɗo,
Jagora: Tun ga Aliyu Maisango naj jiya,
: Halin ga da Bubakar yar riƙa,
‘Y/Amshi: Macciɗo kai ka shirin gado haka.
(Gusau, 2009:154).

4.8 Harshe na Tarihi

Tarihi wani fannin ilimi ne wanda yake ba da labarin al’amura da suka faru a zamanin da ya wuce wato labarin abubuwan da suka shuɗe (CNHN, 2006: 49).

Makaɗan baka na Hausa sukan yi amfani da harshe mai nuna tarihi su gina waƙoƙinsu. Misali, Alan waƙa ya rera wata waƙa a kan, tarihin cinikin bayi a tsakanin Hausawa mai gindi ‘Rayuwar Afirkawa, ga waƙar ‘Mu so Allah Sarkin makaɗa ‘ta Danmungai Daura wadda ya rera game da tarihin, zuwan Bayajidda ƙasar Hausa. Dubi kuma waƙar ‘Ga darajjar Amadu Bello’ ta Sarkin Taushi Salihu jankiɗi wadda ya bayyana tarihin zaman Turawa Nijeriya ta Arewa da hanyoyin da suka biyo da shekarun da suka yi kafin su miƙa mulki a 1960 da kuma bayan tashinsu.

Dubi abin da yake faɗa a wani ɗa:

Jagora: Zakkuwar Turawa nan Tudu,
‘Y/Amshi: Shekara hamsin da tara,
: Ta inda sunka biyo Bidda,
: Sai Kafin-Ɗanyumusa da Makurɗi,
: Kwantagora garin Ibrahim,
: Gwanga ya yi faɗa da Nasara,
: Ga darajjar Amadu Bello,
: Da arziki na mazan jiya yay yi.

Jagora: Dagga Zariya sai Birnin Kano,
‘Y/Amshi: Ƙoramar Zorori wajen faɗa,
: San Kano ya tarbi Nasara,
: Ga darajjar Amadu Bello,
: Da arziki na mazan jiya yay yi.
(Gusau, 2012:119-120)

4.9 Harshe na Koyar da Addini

Addini hanya ce ta yi wa Allah bauta, ko kuma kamar yadda Ƙamusun Hausa (CNHN, 2006:3) ya bayyana, addini shi ne hanyar bauta wa Ubangiji. Akwai dabaru iri-iri waɗanda al’ummu suke amfani da su wajen yi wa Allah bauta. Mutum, ɗan’adam, ya shirya wa kansa wasu hanyoyi na bautar ubangiji na maguzanci, Allah kuma ya saukar wa ɗan’adam da daidaitacciyar hanya ta yi masa bauta a inuwar addinin Musulunci.

Addinin Musulunci yana ƙunshe da sharuɗɗa da hukunce-hukunce da ake neman kowane mutum Musulmi ya san su, ya yi aiki da su wajen yin wannan bauta ko ibada (Gusau, 2008:389). Haka kuma dole ne a sami wasu mutane daga cikin al’umma waɗanda za su tsayu a wajen koya wa sauran jama’a hanyoyi waɗanda suke yin jagoranci ga sanin matsayin bauta da kaifiyyarta da siffofinta da hanyoyin gudanar da ita.

Bisa wannan aiki ne aka sami wasu suka himmatu wajen koyar da abubuwan da suka shafi bauta ko ibada a addinin Musulunci tun daga Manzanni da Annabawa da malamai da sauransu.

Makaɗan baka na Hausa sun sami dama ta baiwar waƙa wadda suka dinga koyar da ayyukan ibada ta harshen waƙa domin ilmantar da mutane wasu sassa na sha’anin addininsu na Musulunci. Misali, waƙar ‘Fara ba mu ye Allah’ ta Uwaliya Mai’amada an zuba ta a kan harshe mai neman a kaɗaita Allah, waƙar ‘Mu je mu je ba mai yi kamar Allah’ ta Uwaliya ita kuma tana koyar da aikin hajji da kuma waƙar Ɗanyaya ta ‘Allah kai ni Madina’.

Ita waƙar ‘Don salla da Salatil-Fati’ ta Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina ya gina ta ne bisa harshe na sunnar aure. Dubi kuma waƙar ‘Azumi watan bautar Allah’ ta Alan Waƙa wadda ya sarƙa ta bisa harshe mai yin bayani a kan ibadar Azumi ta watan Ramalana. Ga waƙar ‘Allah ba ku mu samu Alhaji Alhajiya’ har wa yau ta Alan waƙa wadda take karantar da matsaloli na almajirci irin na Ɗankulodu. Kila ko wannan ne ya sanya Alan Waƙa ya ba ta suna Muhajira wato waƙa wadda take ƙaurace wa bara da almajirci irin na ɗanƙolo domin ta zama wata hanya ta koyarwa cikin harshen waƙar baka, da sauransu.

4.10 Harshe na Bara-Gurbi

A hikimar magana ta Bahaushe ne yake kiran sauran ƙwai wanda kaza ta yi kwanci, bayan ta gama ƙyanƙyasa ta bar su da bara-gurbi. Irin ƙwai bara gurbi yakan zama ya ruɓe ko ya ƙafe ko ya zama gunya ko dai wata illa ko lalura ta same shi (Bargery, 1934&1951:81). Ƙwai bara-gurbi yana fita ne daga ƙwayaye masu lafiya waɗanda ake ƙyanƙyashewa su zama ‘yan tsaki.

Harshe bara-gurbi, harshe ne maras kyau, maras daɗi, mai ban haushi wanda wasu makaɗa suke jefawa a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsu. Abincin harshe bara-gurbi a waƙa shi ne zagi da batsa da baɗala da alfasha da munanan kalmomi, musamman irin na bara a kufai (Alan Waƙa: ‘Gara nai bara da bulayi, bara a kufai) da wasa da nassi na Alƙur’ani ko Hadisa ko musanta wani hukunci saukake ko ƙarfafa al’adu munana waɗanda suke kauce wa tubalai kyawawa na gina ingantacciyar al’ummar Hausawa. Lalataccen harshen waƙar baka tamkar lalataccen ƙwai ne wanda yake zama bara-gurbi (CNHN, 2006:37) a cikin ƙwayaye.

Wasu misalai na harshe bara-gurbi a waƙoƙin baka na Hausa sun haɗa da wani ɗa wanda Muhammadu Gambo ya rera inda yake cewa:

Jagora: Ba azumi nika wa gudu ba,
: Yawan sallan nan yau da gobe,
: Ba sallan nan nika wa gudu ba,
: Yawan duƙin nan yau da gobe,
: Ba shi barin mai rai da wando.
(Gambo mai waƙar Ɓarayi)

A wani ɗa ma yana cewa:

Jagora: Ba Allah nika wa tambaya ba,
: Wai laihin mutuwa ɗaukar ɓarayi,
: Ta bar mai kurɗi lahiya lau,
:Shin Allah mis sa hakan ga?
(Gambo mai waƙar Barayi)

A wani ɗa ma yana cewa:

Jagora: Ni dai in ga asara danya-danya,
: Ko ba a ban ko sisin kwabo ba,
: In ishe tsohi sun yi lanƙwat,
:Sai in ji kamar na taki Arfa.
(Gambo Fitilar Sarri mijin Kulu)

Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙi da aka yi su bisa harshe bara-gurbi su ne waƙar ‘Buwayi gasa na Shehu’ ta Ɗangaladima Labbo, Magajin Jankiɗi (Gusau, 1980:57) da waƙar ‘Ɗan’ali’ ta Muhammadu Bawa Ɗan’anace da waƙar ‘Gagaragadon namiji tsayayyen ɗan kasuwa’ da waƙar ‘Habu na Habu’ da waƙar ‘A sha ruwa ba laihi ba ne’ na Alhaji Mamman Shata da waƙar’ Yau huɗu ga wata’ da waƙar ‘Jirgin sama za ya wuce’ na Aliko Makaho da wasu waƙoƙin Illon Kalgo da wasu na Isa Ɗanmakaho da wasu na Ɗanqurji da wasu na Musa Ɗanƙwairo tun ma ba wasu waƙoƙinsa na noma ba da sauransu.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani akan Dangantakar Harshe da Waƙa danna nan

Domin karanta cikakken bayani akan Yin Waƙar Baka ko Sarrafa Waƙar Baka danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin Waiwaye Kan Harshen Makaɗi A Zubin Waƙar Baka; wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakkken Littafin danna nan.

24/02/2025
Wuraren Sadawar Waƙar Baka

Makaɗan Hausa sukan sadar da waƙoƙin da suka yi bisa maƙasudai ne daban-daban gwargwadon waɗanda aka yi domin su. Waɗannan wurare da ake yin sadawar sababbin waƙoƙin baka sun haɗa da:

i) Gidajen al’umma na ɗaiɗaikun mutane kamar gidajen sarakuna da gidajen malamai da gidajen attajirai; da gidajen masu jarumta da sauran gidajen masu sana’a da kuma sauran gidaje na ɗaiɗaikun al’umma.

ii) Wurare na bukukuwa; kamar bikin aure da bikin suna da bikin kalankuwa da bukukuwan sarauta na al’adar Hausawa da bukukuwan masu sana’o’i da bukukuwan nunin amfanin gona da bukukuwan murna da bukukuwan da akan shirya na musamman da sauransu;

iii) Dandali na shirya wasannin yara; tun a musamman lokacin kiɗan kalangu na ‘yan mata da na asauwara da kuma kiɗan duma da makamantansu.

iv) Wuraren farauta; a fagagen da ake farauta a cikin dazuzzuka akan yi wa mafarauta sababbin waƙoƙi; kuma ana sadar da su da waƙoƙin ne a lokacin farautar a cikin dajin farauta, musamman a yayin da alalmisali, farauta ta rincime; ana buga in buga.

Waƙoƙin da Kassu Zurmi ya yi sababbi; na farauta ya rera su ne kuma ya sadar da su kai tsaye a fagen farauta.

v) Wurin noma, haka abin yake wurin manoma, musamman a yayi na gayyar noma a wata gona; kamar a Gandun Sarki, ko a gonar wasu Sarakai, ko a gonakin taimakon sauran talakawa. Nan ake sadar da sababbin waƙoƙi ga manoma, musamman waɗanda suke da sarautun noma kamar; Sarkin Noma da Madakin Noma da Gojen Noma da Kayayen Noma da sauran jaruman noma da makamantansu;

vi) Wurin wasanni; Wurin wasannin al’ada a ƙasar Hausa wuri ne da ake rera sababbin waƙoƙi, a kuma sadar da su ga waɗanda aka yi wa su da sauran jama’a masu sauraro.

Wurin wasannin al’ada sun haɗa da:

– Wasan Asauwara wadda ake yi a kowace ranar kasuwa ta gari. Ana yin wasan Asauwara a ranar cin kasuwa ta wani gari da yammaci ne, gab da kamar la’asar sakaliya wato kasuwa za ta watse. A wasan Asauwara ana yin waƙoƙi ne tsakanin matasa-‘yan maza da ‘yan mata ko zabiyi da kuma zabiya. Kuma ana yin wasan Baura da kiɗan Baura, a wannan lokaci ma ana rera waƙoƙi sababbi da zimmar sadar da su.

– Wasan kokawa

– Wasan dambe

– Wasan Sharu: wanda ake yi a lokacin da Hausawa suka shaƙu da Fulani

– Da sauran wasanni.

Wurin wasannin al’adun Hausawa, wuri ne ma wanda ake sadar da waƙoƙin baka na Hausa.

vii) Wuraren Tarukan Makarantu:

A lokacin da Hausawa suka sadu da Turawa, musamman a zamanin mulkin mallaka; Turawa suka ƙagi makarantu ga Hausawa tun daga zamanin karatun manya har zuwa karatun yara; an kakkafa wa Hausawa makarantu na boko daban-daban.

To a yanzu a waɗannan makarantu tun daga na boko da kuma na islamiyoyi da a masallatan addinin Musulunci; duka ana yin taruka mabambanta kamar:

– Tarukan fitar ɗalibai.
– Taruka na aikin makarantu, kamar tarukan gama makaranta wato Convocation a Jami’a.
– Taruka na maulidi, kamar Maulidin Annabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) da na Shaihunai da na Mujahidai da na sauransu.
– Tarukan ga-Fili-ga-mai-doki.
– Taruka na Musamman.
– Da sauransu.

viii) Wurare na Musamman

Akwai kuma wasu wurare da ake shirya taruka na musamman domin kawai a rera waƙoƙi sababbi; a sadar da su ga mutanen da aka yi wa su da sauran jama’a na musamman. A ire-iren wurare da muhallai na musamman waɗanda ake nema domin a sadar da waƙoƙi sababbi sukan ƙunshi;

– Wuri wanda aka zagaye shi, kuma aka yi masa shuke-skuke na ciyayi da wasu hakukuwa masu ƙayatarwa; musamman masu ƙara ganin ido ko warware kwarkwatar ido;

– Wuri da aka tanada a matsayi na Gadina;

– Wurin da aka tanada a matsayi na utel-utel ko ɗakin taro na musamman a manyan garuruwa da birane;

– Wurin da aka keɓe domin shaƙatawa, ko na masaukan baƙi;

– da sauransu da yawa.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani akan Yin Waƙar Baka ko Sarrafa Waƙar Baka danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin Aiwatarwa Da Sadarwa A Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

14/02/2025
Yin Waƙar Baka ko Sarrafa Waƙar Baka

A lokacin da makaɗi ya zo yin waƙar baka tun a ƙwaƙwalwarsa da tunaninsa yake fara tsara ta. Wannan tsari shi ne na baɗini, wanda yake a rattaɓe a zuciyarsa kuma a cikin jumlolinsa.

To, tun daga wannan lokaci ne ya riga ya yi waƙarsa ta baka ta bin waɗannan matakai:

– Matakin Ƙullawa
– Matakin Kiɗa
– Matakin Rauji
– Matakin Kalmomi
– Gindin Waƙa
– Layuka ko Saɗaru a Ɗiya
-Nuna Farin Ciki
– Nuna Baƙin Ciki
-Faɗakarwa
-Gargaɗi
-Ilmantarwa
-Nasihantarwa
– Isharantarwa
-Yabawa
-Yin Zambo
-Yin Habaici

Da Sauransu Kamar Kalmomin Azancin Magana

Matakin Ƙullawa

Makaɗan baka sukan ƙulla waƙoƙinsu ta azanci da fasahar da suke da su.
Ma’anar ƙulli ta ƙamus:

A ƙamus na Hausa-English (Awde, 1996: 102) ya nuna Ƙulli shi ne (1) to knot (2)to plan (3) to conspire; wato (1)ya ƙulla (2) ya shirya ko ya yi dabara (3) ya haɗa kai. Shi kuma Ƙamusun Hausa (CNHN, 2006: 285) cewa ya yi ƙulla, ita ce ɗaura ko ƙudura.

Ma’anar Ƙulli ko Ƙulla ko Ƙullawa ta isɗilahi wato ta fannin ilimin waƙar baka. Ita ce:

Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun ya faɗi yadda yake ƙulla waƙarsa a inda yake cewa:

Jagora: Ga makaɗi ya ƙulla waƙatai,
‘Y/Amshi: Sai a amsa mashi ba a ƙara mai,
Jagora: In naƙ ƙulla waƙa a ƙara man,
‘Y/Amshi: Mu haɗu duk azanci gare mu,
: Shin a a mutum guda za ya radde mu,
: Shirya kayan faɗa Maigida Tsahe,
: Ali ɗan Iro bai ɗauki reni ba.

(Ɗanƙwairo, Waƙar ‘Yandoton Tsahe Alhaji Aliyu II (1960-1991)

Ƙullawa ta waƙoƙin makaɗan baka tana da matakai biyu. Akwai ƙullawa ta makaɗan ƙungiya, sannan akwai ƙullawa ta makaɗan kaɗaita. Ga su kamar haka:

i) Ƙullawar Makaɗan Ƙungiya

Waƙoƙin baka na Hausa waɗanda ake ƙullawa ta ƙungiya, waƙoƙi ne waɗanda ake tunaninsu ta tsakanin Jagora da kuma ‘yan amshinsa. Ita ƙungiya ita ce wadda ta ƙunshi Jagora da kuma yaransa masu yi masa amshi na waƙar baka da kuma yin kiɗa.

Har wa yau, ƙungiya ta ƙunshi ‘yan ma’abba ko san-ƙirori ko masu kirarin baki. A wannan lokaci, za a haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfe tsakanin Jagora da ‘yan amshinsa, a dinga tunanin yadda za a shirya waƙa, musamman ta kawo jumloli da yadda za a tsara saɗaru ko layuka, sannan ana yi ana dakatawa ko lumfasawa. Wannan shi ne ƙulla waƙa ta makaɗan ƙungiya.

Su kuwa makaɗan kaɗaita, su ne waɗanda Jagororinsu kawai za su dinga ƙulla kalmomi da jumloli, amma yaransu, za a sami waɗanda suke yin amshi wato +ciko kawai, sai dai ba su yi musu kowane irin ƙari a waƙa. Akwai wasu jagororin da ba a ce musu ko ƙala, Jagora ne zai ƙulla waƙarsa kuma ya ƙare ta shi kaɗai. Irin wannan ƙulli jagora ne kawai zai yi tunanin waƙa a baɗininta idan ya gama ƙulla ta sai ya zo cikin yaransa ya rera ko ya je wani wuri ya sadar da ita. A irin wannan waƙa, Jagora ne kawai ake jin muryarsa yana rera waƙa, yana sadar da ita ga jama’a.

A bisa waɗannan matakai ne ake bi, ake ƙuƙƙulla, waƙoƙi na gargajiya ko waƙoƙi na zamani na baka da Hausawa suke yin tunaninsu a baɗini, daga baya su rera su a yayin da suke sadar da su.

Matakin Kiɗa

A Ƙamusun Hausa an nuna kiɗa yana nufin bugun ganga ko kalangu ko abun bugawa ko bugun ƙwarya ko goge ko garaya ko taushi ko kotso da hannu ko da makaɗi ko da wani abu (CNHN, 2006: 243).

A ilimin fannin waƙar baka, kiɗa yana nuni ne da wani amo ko sauti da ake samarwa ta gwama ko haɗa abubuwa biyu kamar dutsi + dutsi ko tafi + tafi ko baki + ƙahon dabbobi ko ganga + gula (makaɗi) ko wani abu + wani abu ko sauransu. Kiɗa kuma yakan zama wani amo ne wanda yakan shiga jikin mai sauraro, ya sa masa karsashi har ya dinga rausayawa, yana tattakawa ko jujjuyawa.

Gusau (2008: 54) yana ganin kiɗa shi ne wanzar da amo mai shiga jiki wanda kuma ake aiwatarwa ta haɗa abubuwa biyu ta matakin busawa ko tafawa ko bugawa ko kaɗawa ko gogawa ko girgizawa ko kuma wasun waɗannan.

Akwai kayayyakin kiɗa da dama. Wasu na gargajiyar Hausawa ne, wasu kuma na baƙin wasu al’ummu ne waɗanda Hausawan suka aro, suna amfani da su. A wajen Hausawa akwai kiɗa zallarsa kawai, ba tare da haɗawa da waƙa ba, ko kirari ko kaɗa take. Akwai kuma kiɗa ta amfani da kayan kiɗa wanda ake haɗawa da waƙa, wanda kuma ake yi wa waƙoƙin da makaɗan baka suke yi.

Kiɗa a wajen Hausawa ya rarrabu zuwa: Kiɗa

-waƙa +take -take +waƙa
-Waƙoƙin Gaɗa
-Waƙoƙin Samartaka
-Waƙoƙin Manyan Mata
-Waƙoƙin Manyan Maza
-Waƙoƙin Makaɗa

A wajen aiwatarwa ta waƙar baka akan gwama ta da amon kiɗa wanda za su dinga tafiya a tare tsakanin muryar makaɗi da sautin gangar da makaɗin yake amfani da ita. Bisa mahangar makaɗa, akwai wasu hanyoyi da ake ɗora kiɗa na waƙoƙinsu na baka domin su yi daidai da yadda ake sadar da su. Waɗannan hanyoyi sun haɗa da:

– sadar da kiɗa daidai da nauyi na muryar makaɗi da kuma raujin da aka zaɓa wa matanin waƙa;
– Dacewar amon kiɗa da gaɓoɓin murya bisa gurabunta na hawa da sauka da kuma faɗuwa;
– Ƙarfafa madirar gaɓoɓi;
– Wani bi a kaurara amon kiɗa;
– Wani bi a sassauta amon kiɗa;
– Wani bi a ja amon kiɗa;
– Wani bi a matse ko a tauye amon kiɗa;
– Wani bi a qwairanta amon kiɗa;

Sannan kuma yanayin kiɗan yana iya zama:

 Mai diri
 Mai ƙarfi
 Mai kauri
 Mai zaƙi
 Mai kumbura
 Mai kaurara
 da sauransu

Matakin Rauji

Ƙamus na Hausa a ɓangaren Hausa-English (Awde, 1996: 131) ya bayyana kalmar rauji da clapping wato yin tafi ko ban tafi (Awde, 1996, 131 & 210). A kuma littafin Ƙamus na Keɓaɓɓun kalmomi wato Hausa Metalanguage ya fassara Rauji da Ingilishi da Rhythems wato Kari ko karin murya (Awde, 1996:361).

A fannin ilimin waƙar baka kuwa, rauji wani sauti ko amo ne wanda yake tashi a sama ko ya sauka ko ya faɗi. Rauji yana iya zama murya ta wata halitta mai rai ko sautin wani abu maras rai kamar ƙara ko doka ƙafafu a bisa ƙasa ko wani tsando ko sauti daga kukan tsuntsaye. Har wa yau kuma akwai rauji mai ɗaɗi, mai zaƙi da kuma rauji maras daɗi, mai-ta-da-hankali, kamar kukan kanari (rauji mai zaƙi) da kuma kukan jaki (rauji maras zaƙi, mai ɗaukar hankali).

Wata ma’anar isɗilahi kuma, rauji na iya zama masaukar murya a gaba.

A yayin da aka gwama rauji a waƙar baka ta Hausa ana ɗora shi bisa muryoyi na gaɓoɓi na kalmomi ne waɗanda akan sarƙa su a tayar da saɗara a ɗa na waƙa. Rauji wanda aka zaɓa, aka ɗora wa saɗara ko layi a ɗa na farkon waƙa, shi ne zai dinga daidaita rauji a dukkan layuka da ake ƙullawa a ɗiya na waƙar.

Nauyin rauji a waƙar baka ta Hausa gajere ne, shi ya sa yake tafiya bisa gaɓoɓi na kalma gwargwadon hawansu da saukarsu da faɗuwansu. Matakai waɗanda ake bi a wajen samar da rauji a waƙar baka ta Hausa sun haɗa da:

– Rauji mai dogon zango
– Rauji mai gajeren zango
– Rauji mai matsakaicin zango

Sannan gaɓa ta rauji za ta iya zama mai nauyi wadda za ta ƙunshi [bww] ko [bwb], ko kuma ta zama mai sauƙi wadda za ta iya zama gaɓa mai [bw] kawai.

A wajen furta rauji na waƙar baka ana yi masa waɗannan abubuwa kamar haka:

– Kaurara gaɓa mai nauyi;
– Jan gaɓa mai nauyi ko mai sauƙi;
– Daidaita amsa-amon kari (hawa ko sauka ko faɗuwa) a ƙarshen kowace saɗara ko layi.

Haka kuma ana yin rauji ne na waƙar baka daga karin murya (na hawa da sauka da faɗuwa) da kuma amon kiɗa tun daga tunanin makaɗi a zuciyarsa. Domin haka, ana samar wa waƙoƙin baka rauji ne ta waɗannan hanyoyi:

 Karin murya daga makaɗin waƙar;
 Amon kiɗa daga kayan kiɗan da makaɗi yake amfani da su, ta la’akari da madiransu na hawa da saukar amo ko kuma faɗuwarsa.
 Daga nan sai a fitar mata da raujinta;
 Rauji zai samar wa waƙar baka wani amo wanda zai fitar da ita kaɗai daga sauran waƙoƙin baka na makaɗin.

Matakin Kalmomi

Kamar yadda aka nuna a baya, idan makaɗin baka ya tashi aiwatar da wata waƙa ta baka, yakan fara aiwatar da waƙar ne a cikin zuciyarsa da kuma ƙwaƙwalwarsa tun kafin ya furta waƙar a waje. Haka kuma tunanin makaɗi na kalmomi da yadda zai sarrafa su cikin azanci da hikima shi ne wani abu da zai biyo biyo baya a aiwatar da waƙar baka.

Sannan kuma dukkan makaɗi na ƙungiya da kuma makaɗi na ƙire duk suna yin aiwatarwa a wajen daidaita waƙoƙinsu da tsawaita su. Matakin kalmomi yakan bambanta dangane da kalmomi da makaɗi ya yi tunaninsu ko kuma ya zaɓo su wajen tsawaita waƙar da zai yi. Wasu daga cikin kalmomi da ake zaɓa a shirya waƙar baka sun haɗa da:

Kalmomin Shirya Gindin Waƙa

Gindin waƙa furuci ne na wasu kalmomi masu ma’ana masu nauyin saƙo, masu hikima da balaga da azanci waɗanda ake shiryawa don a gabatar da waƙar baka. Ta gindin waƙa ne ake rarrabe ɗa da ɗa a waƙar baka. Waƙoƙin baka sun kasu kashi biyu. Akwai waɗanda ake yi wa Gindin Waƙa kamar waƙoƙin Alhaji Abdu Karen Gusau. Sannan kuma akwai waƙoƙin da ba a yi wa Gindin Waƙa kamar waƙoƙin Alhaji Babangida Kakadawa.

Ga Misali na Gindin Waƙa:

G/Waƙa: A lula ɗan haya,
: Mai gyaran kekuna.
(Abdu Karen Gusau; Waƙar Alhaji Alula Ɗanhayar Kekuna, Fagge, Kano)
Har wa yau kuma, Gindin waƙa yakan bayyana abin da waƙa take nufi tun kafin a shiga cikinta. Gindin waƙa wani ginshiƙi ne ko babban matangali na ginin waƙar baka. Wani kuma harsashe ne ko majingini na farko a waƙar baka, inda duk bai zauna ba, waƙa ba za ta ba da sha’awa ba, balantana har ta yi wani armashi.

Idan makaɗi ya sami zaunuwar Gindin waƙa, to, zai sami haske ya buɗu a gare shi, ya sami walwala ta zaɓo kalmomi waɗanda suka dace ya saka a waƙa waɗanda za su ba shi damar samun sauran ɗiyan waƙar. Makaɗin baka yakan yi tunani a zuciyarsa idan kuma wanda suke a ƙungiya ne sukan haɗa ƙarfi da azama su samo kalmomi zaunannu kuma mafi girkuwa a waƙar da suke shiryawa ta baka su samar da Gindinta.

A wajen shirya Gindin waƙa makaɗa sukan yi amfani da waɗannan matakai:

Yawanci Gindin waƙa bai shige layuka biyu (2) zuwa huɗu (4) ba;
– Yakan ƙunshi kalmomi masu nauyi da ake sarrafa su cikin azanci da hikima;
– Gindin waƙa yakan ƙunshi sunan mai waƙa ko laƙabinsa ko alkunyarsa ko wata ƙarina da ke nuna Mai waƙa;
– Sannan ana wakiltar Gindin waƙa da harafin [X] na ABCD;
– Ana kuma wakiltar adadin saɗaru ko layuka a Gindin waƙa da alkalumma na [1,2,3,4] kamar haka: [X1] ko [X2] ko [X3] ko [X4] da sauransu;

– Ga misalai:

i) Gindin Waƙa; (mai layuka huɗu (4)
X1: Ka bawai maza,
X2: Na Magajin Gari Bubakar,
X3: Kai ad da yanzu,
X4: Allah ya ba ka Sarkin Kabi.
(Mamman Inyaga Argungu; Wakar S/Kabi Muhammadu Mera. Wato kalmomin nuna farin ciki).

ii) Gindin Waƙa; (mai layuka biyu (2)
X1: Tankwafau namijin zaki,
X2: Sa’idu bai taɓa tsoro ba.
(Idi Ɗangiwa Zuru: Waƙar Sarkin Sudan Sa’idu, Kwantagora. Wato kalmomin nuna farin ciki)
– Yawancin kalmomi masu nauyin ma’ana da hikimar zance da makaɗa suke tsarawa a Gindin waƙa sun ƙunshi na nuna farin ciki ko na nuna baƙin ciki. Misalin Gindin waƙa na kalmomin nuna baƙin ciki:
G/Waƙa: X1: Gagarabadon namiji tsayayyen ɗan kasuwa
(Shata: waƙar ‘Gagarabadau, Mp3)

– Kuma wani Gindin waƙar yakan ƙunshi kalmomin yabawa ko na zambo ko na habaici da na zugugutawa da makamantansu. Misali:

G/Waƙa: X1: Ya ci maza ya kwan yana shirye,
X2: Gamda’aren Sarki Tudu Alu.
(Narambaɗa, Waƙar Tudu Alu; Kalmomin zuga da kururantawa da yabawa).
Akwai kuma a wani G/Waƙa:
X1: Madogara na Malam,
X2: Iro Uban Bawa,
X3: Maigida Shinkahi.
(Narambaɗa, Waƙar Magajin Garin Shinkahi, Ibrahim; Kalmomin zuga da yabawa).

– Haka kuma wani Gindin waƙar yakan ɗauki kalmomin faɗakarwa ko gargaɗi ko ilimtarwa ko isharantarwa ko nasihantarwa da sauransu. Misali:
G/Waƙa: X1 “Yan Nijeriya sai Hausa
(Abdu Karen Gusau; waƙar Harshen Hausa-kalmomin kishin Hausa da na gargaɗi da na ilimantarwa. Gusau, 2015: 64-75).

G/Waƙa: X1 Mu kama sana’a ‘yan Nigeriya,
X2 Zaman banza ba namu ne ba.
(Abdu Karen Gusau, Waƙar Gargaɗi kan riƙo da sana’a – kalmomin gargaɗi da na faɗakarwa da na isharantarwa, Gusau, 2015: 75-78).
G/Waƙa: X1 Shegiyar ƙafa ke kika saba da gulando,
X2 Ki tallafe ni, ɗaukar ni ƙafa kar ki gaza ni.
(Abdu Karan Gusau, Waƙar Shegiyar ƙafa – Kalmomin faɗakarwa da na gargaɗi da na isharantyarwa. Gusau, 2015: 96-97).

Layuka ko Saɗaru a Ɗiya

Layuka jam’i ne na layi (tilo). A Ƙamusun Hausa (CNHN, 2016 206-304) an faɗi ma’anarsa kamar haka: (i) Miƙaƙƙen zane (ii) miƙaƙƙiyar hanya ta cikin gari, ko jerin rumfunan kasuwa ko wani abu (iii)majalisar alƙalai ko kotu ko ɗakin shari’a. Amma kuma a ƙamus (Hausa-English) na Awde (1996:106) ya bayyana Layi (p/layuka) da harshen Inglishi da Line. A kuma ɓangaren ƙamus ɗin na English-Hausa, Awde

(1996: 295) ya fassara line da noun=n=: (1) layi (2) Baiti (3) Telephone line wato waya. Ta Fuskar Saxaru (Jam’i); saɗara (tilo) kuwa – Ƙamusun Hausa (CNHN, 2006: 381) ya fassara ta da layi cikakke na rubutu.

A cikin layuka ne ko saɗaru waƙar baka take shirya saƙonni tun a ƙwaƙwalwa, sannan ta rera su, ta sadar da su ga al’umma; ta amfani da mataki na kalmomi waɗanda suka haɗa da nau’o’i daban-daban.

Kuma har gami da kalmomi na maganganun habaici da isharantarwa da gargaɗi da ilimantarwa da tunasarwa da faɗakarwa da makamantansu da yawa.

A waƙoƙin baka na Hausa akan shirya layuka ko saɗaru masu sauƙi a ƙagi ɗa na waƙar baka wanda zai ƙunshi saƙo ɗaya kawai. Akwai kuma layuka ko saɗaru da ake shiryawa masu tsauri, waɗanda za su haɗu su tayar da ɗa ɗaya na waƙar baka. Shi ɗa ɗaya mai tsauri yakan ƙunshi saƙonni da yawan gaske kamar guɗa huɗu (4) ko ma fiye da haka waɗanda ake wakiltarsu kamar haka:

Ɗa ɗaya mai tsauri:
A1:
A2:
B1:
B2:
B3:
C1:
C2:
C3:
C4:

Da sauransu. Za a ba da misali na ɗan waƙa mai sauƙi (Mai saƙo guda ɗaya kawai) kamar haka:
A1: Ni kam lafiya nit taho salla,
A2: Lafiya ni ishe Sarki,
X1: Amadun Bubakar gwarzon Yari,
X2: Dodo na Alƙali.
(Narambaɗa, waƙar Sarkin Gobir Ahmadu Bawa (1935-1975).

Shi kuma ɗan waƙa ɗaya mai tsauri (mai Saƙonni da yawa fiye da ɗaya), ga wani misali kamar haka:

A1 Na Magaji mai Martaba ɗan Mu’azu,
A2 Irin assabad Bubakar baba yay yo,
A1.1 Na Magaji mai Martaba ɗan Mu’azu,
A2 Irin assabad Bubakar baba yay yo,
B1 Tsarin gaskiya Bello kai Shehu yac ce,
B2 Bari masu son duk su maishe ka yaro,
B 1.1 Tsarin gaskiya Bello kai Shehu yac ce,
B2 Bari masu son duk su maishe ka yaro,
B3 Da kyauta da ilimi da neman dalili,
B4 Da gode ma Allah da istingfari,
B5 Da su Bello ɗan Shehu yat tsarmo kowa,
B6 Ka kai kamar Bello ka gadi Moyi,
B7 Saura ka kai inda mai Hausa yak kai,
B6.1 Ka kai ka mar Bello ka gadi Moyi,
B7 Saura ka kai inda mai Hausa ya kai,
X1: Bajinin gidan Bello Mamman na Yari,
X2: Sarki Kudu Macciɗo ci maraya.

(Sa’idu Faru, waƙar Muhammadu Macciɗo lokacin yana a matsayin Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato, ya rasu a 1995 yana Sarkin Musulmi).

A layi na ɗan waƙa ana wakiltar sa da alƙalumma na [1-0], da haruffa na ABCD ban da [X] kamar yadda aka gani a misalan da suka gabata. Har wa yau kuma ana iya wakiltar ɗan waƙa ta jan layuka kawai. Misali:

Ɗanwaƙa mai layuka biyu ko uku
Xa: 1 ____________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
X1 ______________________
X2 ______________________

Ko ɗa mai layuka biyu
Xa: 1 ____________________
2 _______________________
X1 ______________________
X2 ______________________

Saƙonni a ɗa na waƙa, bisa yawanci ba su shige layuka guda biyar (5). Misali: A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, wato saɗo na ɗaya (1) zuwa na biyar (5).

A layuka ne kuma ko saɗaru ake tunani a zuciya a gina saƙo na farin ciki ko na baƙin ciki ko na faɗakarwa ko na tunasarwa ko na gargaɗi ko na ilimantarwa ko na isharantarwa ko na yabawa ko na zambo ko na habaici ko na wani saƙo da makaɗi yake son ya gaya wa al’ummarsa a harshen waƙar baka.

Alalmisali:

Jarora: Yara farau-farau farar tabarma,
: Farin cikin mai baƙunta,
Y/Amshi: Gagarabadon namiji tsayayyen ɗan kasuwa.
(Shata, Gagarabadau; Gusau, 2018:20)
Akwai kuma
Jarora: Ga wani ya yi ilimi babu hankali,
: Ga dai ilimi babu nutsuwa,
: An kira shi Dabtan ya amsa,
: Da ganin ƙurji sai ya yaɓa wuƙa,
Y/Amshi: Na gode wa Amadun Gaya.

(Shata, Waƙar Amadun gaya; Gusau, 2018: 23)

A lokacin da makaɗa suke yin tunanin baɗini na wata waƙa da za su shirya sukan bambarta a wajen yin wannan tunani da kuma samo kalmomi na waƙa.

i) Wasu makaɗan sukan zauna a ƙarƙashin wata inuwa kamar ta wata bishiya, su kwanta su lulluɓe kansu, suna tunanin wata waƙa. Alalmisali, Alhaji Ibrahim Narambaɗa, idan yana tunanin waƙa har zana tunanin nasa yake yi a ƙasa, ya dinga shata wani zani ko zane-zane kamar zai zana wani hoto na musamman. Zai dinga zanawa a ƙasa a cikin layuka, ya dinga yin zane-zane, yana tsara saɗaru na waƙa.

ii) Wasu kuma makaɗan sukan dinga jefo wasu kalmomin suna sarƙawa suna kuma zubar da wasu, suna warwarewa, har su haɗa kalmomin da suke buƙata na waƙar. Wasu makaɗan, kamar Salihu Jankiɗi, har tattaka ‘yan amshinsa yake yi, suna zazzaune, idan sun jefo wasu kalmomi da ba su dace ba.

Ta haka dole ɗan amshi ya yi taka-tsantsan da abubuwan da yake ba da tasa gudummawa.

iii) Wasu makaɗan, musamman makaɗan ƙire (kaɗaita) sukan sami saulin yin tunani ne a yayin da ‘yan amshinsa suke maimaita kiɗa, su kuma makaɗan sukan yi shuru, suna numfasawa. A lokacin da kuma sanƙirorinsu suke ba da tasu gudunmawa, su kuwa makaɗan (Jagororin) suna yin shuru, suna saurarensu. Da sauran halayen makaɗan kaɗaita. A duk lokacin da makaɗan suka yi shuru suna tunani ne a kan abubuwan da za su ƙara ƙulla waƙoƙinsu.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani akan Sadarwa a Waƙar Baka danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin Aiwatarwa Da Sadarwa A Waƙƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa; wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

Edita, RMK

10/02/2025
Lokaci Da Yanayin Sadarwa A Waƙar Baka

Bisa yawancin lokuta na sadar da waƙoƙin baka na Hausa, kamar yadda aka yi bayani a baya; akan sadar da waƙar baka ne a lokaci na safiya ko na hantsi ko na rana ko na yammaci ko na daddare da dai sauran lokuta.

Haka kuma Hausawa sukan sadar da waƙoƙin baka a kowane yanayi na damina ko na kaka; ko na rani ko na bazara ko na hunturu ko na ɗari. Alal misali waƙoƙin noma an fi yin su a yanayi na damina, wato lokacin da ruwan sama yake sauka.

Haka kuma waƙoƙin ɓullowar kaka akan yi su ne da zarar damina ta shige ko tana gab da wucewa; wato an cimma amfanin gona ka’in da na’in, da dai sauransu.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Wuraren Sadawar Waƙar Baka danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yabon Gusau A Waƙoƙin Baka danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin Aiwatarwa Da Sadarwa A Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa. wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi; domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

06/02/2022
Yanayin Harshen Waƙar Baka

Mazubi na harshen waƙar baka yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin sauti da gaɓoɓi da kalmomi da kuma jumloli; waɗanda suke ba makaɗa damar su iya aiwatarwa da sadarwa cikin rerawa a sauƙaƙe.

A zubi na waƙoƙin baka, daɗa a wajen makaɗa masu shiri na baka ko masu shiri na ƙire ko haye ko masu shiri na rubuce; suna shirya kalmomi ne da kansu ko wasu su shirya musu, sannan su saka amo na murya da na kiɗa, su kuma rera.

Waƙar Baka

Shirya Kalmomi

Shiri na Baka Shiri na Ƙire/Haye Shiri na Rubuce

Kalmomi Kalmomi Kalmomi na kai
na kai na kai
Satar waƙar Kalmomi na wani
Satar Waƙa

Idan aka lura, dangane da harshe a zubin waƙar baka, makaɗa da mawaƙa suna tasirantuwa bisa wasu matakai na ginawa da shirya waƙa da suka haɗa da:

3.1 Shirya Kalmomi

Kamar yadda aka nuna a baya, waƙoƙin baka ana shirya su ta gaɓoɓin kalmomi bisa zaɓi na makaɗi. Kalmomi a harshe su suke yi wa makaɗi tsani ya saƙa saƙonni, manya da ƙanana, a waƙa.

3.2 Daidaita Murya da Amon Kiɗa

Makaɗi ko mawaƙi yana daidaitawa ne a tsakanin amon muryarsa, wadda take tafiya a saje da gaɓoɓi da kalmomi na zubinsa; da kuma amon kiɗa wanda yake wanzuwa daga kayan kiɗa waɗanda yake amfani da su. A lokacin da wannan yanayi ya daidaitu, sai rauji na waƙa ya wanzu; wanda yakan zama gajere ko dogo ko matsakaici, gwargwadon yanayin kalmoni da kuma amon kiɗan da aka ɗauka.

3.3 Daidaita Tunani a Saɗaru

A waƙar baka akan daidaita tunani da ma’ana, babba ko ƙarama ta waƙa ta gurabun kalmomin waƙa waɗanda ake rerawa ta hanyar tsayin rauji a saɗaru. Dole ne tunanin waƙa ya dinga tafiya tare da zubin kalmomi a saɗaru na waƙa.

3.4 Kaucewa Dokokin Nahawu

Harshen waƙa, musamman yadda wani bi yakan ƙunshi tarin kalmomi, sannan da yanayin rauji da rerawa; yakan wadatu da tsarinsa ne har ya dinga bauɗe wa wasu dokokin nahawu.

Shi harshen waƙa yakan sanya masana nahawun harshe da jujjuyawar kalmomi da karin harshe da sauransu; su yi ta ƙoƙarin gwada ɗora kalmomi da jumloli na waƙa a kan daidaitaccen tsarin nahawu. A wajen waƙar baka ƙirƙirowa da baddala kalmomi ko tsarin jumla da sauransu wata hanya ce ta kamalar harshen waƙa.

3.5 Jefa Dabarun jan Hankali

Wasu daga cikin hikimomi na harshe wanda ake shirya waƙa da shi, sukan yi naso a waƙa. Makaɗi yakan yi amfani da dabaru na yi wa zubin waƙarsa kwalliya ya daɗa armasa waƙar; ya ƙara mata nagarta cikin dausayin harshe. Dabarun nan na jan hankali sukan iya sanya harshen waƙa ya ƙara tsada; ya zama mai nauyin fahimta, mai jefa sarƙadodo a wajen warware ma’ana.

Akwai dabarun jan hankali da yawa waɗanda makaɗa da mawaƙa suke jejjefawa a waƙoƙinsu da suke bambanta a daraja da nauyi na kowace waƙa; ko kuwa a mabambantan waƙoƙi na makaɗi ko mawaƙi ɗaya.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Makaɗi a Sarrafa Harshen Waƙa danna nan.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Littafin Waiwaye Kan Harshen Makaɗi A Zubin Waƙar Baka wanda Prof. Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa shi domin karanta cikakken Littafin danna nan.

14/01/2022
Gudumawar Waƙoƙin Baka na Situdiyo Wajen Haɓaka Tattalin Arziki

Bayan fahimtar tattalin arziki da kuma bayyana matsayin waƙa a wurin Bahaushe; da yadda aka ga mawaƙan da kansu sun ɗauki waƙa a matsayin sana’arsu ta yau da gobe.

A nan, za mu yi ƙoƙarin ganin irin rawar da waƙoƙin situdiyo suke takawa wajen haɓaka tattalin arziki da bunƙasa shi.

Wannan bayanin an ciro shi ne daga Litttafin Gudumawar Adabin Baka Wajen Haɓaka Tattalin Arziki; Keɓantaccen Nazari Kan Waƙar Baka Ta Situdiyo wanda Ibrahim Baba (Nayaya) ya wallafa shi.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Masu Rera Waƙar danna nan

15/11/2021