Kaiyayi shi ne jin waiwayi (creeping sensation), ko tsikari (tingling), ko rashin jin daɗi (irritation) a dukkan jiki ko kuma wani ɓangare na jiki. A likitance ana kiran ƙaiƙayi “pruritus”. Ƙaiƙayi yana faruwa ne idan wani baƙon abu ya taɓa fatar jiki, ko kuma ya shiga wata halitta (organ) da take cikin jiki. Idan haka ya faru, to, sai sashin da abin ya shafa ya aike da saƙo zuwa ga ƙwaƙwalwa cewa akwai buƙatar ta bayar da umurni domin a ɗauki matakin kawar da baƙon.
RABE-RABEN ƘAIƘAYI (CLASSIFICATION OF ITCH)
Ƙaiƙayi ya rabu zuwa manyan gidaje huɗu bisa la’akari da abubuwan da da suke haddasa shi, kamar haka:
1. Ƙaiƙayin da rashe-rashen lafiyar laka suke haddasawa (neurogenic itch). Sun ƙunshi:
a. Cututtukan ƙoda na tsawon lokaci (chronic renal failure) kamar su polycystic kidney disease (taruwar ruwa a cikin ƙoda), multicystic dysplastic kidney (kasa yin fitsari yadda ya kamata ga yara saboda toshewar hanyar fitar fitsarin daga ƙoda), renal artery stenosis (ciwon jijiyoyin da suke kai jini zuwa ga ƙoda), renal tubular acidosis (ciwon da yake sanya ƙoda ta kasa tace sinadaran acids daga cikin jini da kasa tura su cikin fitsari), solitary functioning kidney (kasancewar mutum da ƙoda guda ɗaya mai aikin tace fitsari), simple kidney cyst (ciwon kumburin ƙoda), da sauransu.
b. Cututtuka jini ko kuma halittun da suke da alhakin samar da jini (hematologic diseases) kamar su sickle cell (sikila), anaemia (ƙarancin jini), HIV/AIDS (ƙanjamau), leukaemia (cutar daji ta jini), chemotherapy (jinyar cutar daji), transfusion (ƙarin jini), bone marrow disorder (cutar ɓargo), da sauransu.
c. Cututtukan hanta (liver diseases) kamar su hepatitis A B C D & E, cirrhosis (ciwon lalacewar hanta), allagille syndrome (ciwon rashin iya fitar da sinadarin matsarmama daga cikin hanta), autoimmune hepatitis (ciwon da yake sanya ƙwayoyin halittar garkuwar jiki su koma suna kai farmaki ga hanta), da sauransu.
d. Cututtuka masu haddasa kaluluwa (lympho-proliferative disorders) kamar su lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathies, da sauransu.
2. Ƙaiƙayin da ƙwaƙwalwa take riya cewa ana jinsa (psychogenic itch). Wannan ƙaiƙayin yana faruwa ne ba domin wani abu ko wata rashin lafiya ta shafi wurin da ake jinsa ba. A a, riyawar ƙwaƙwalwa ce kawai. Ana alaƙanta samuwar wannan yanayin da damuwa (depression), ko tsoro (anxiety), ko shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi (substance abuse), ko ruɗewa (psychosis), ko rikicewar ƙwaƙwalwa (mania), ko ‘yar-ƙaramar hauka (somatoform disorders), da sauransu.
3. Ƙaiƙayi mai tsanani wanda yake da alaka da laka (neuropathic itch). Bambancin wannan ƙaiƙayin da neurogenic itch wanda na faɗa tun farko shi ne neuropathic itch ya fi tsanani domin yana sanya mutum ya ji kamar ana sukarsa da allura ne.
4. Ƙaiƙayin jikin fata (pruritoceptive). Yana faruwa ne sakamakon wani abu ko kuma wata rashin lafiya da ya shafi jikin fata, kuma shi aka fi sani domin likitocin fata sukan iya gane sanadinsa cikin hanzari ta hanyar duba fata a ga abinda ya same ta na ƙuraje, kumburi, ko rauni, ko cizon ƙwaro, ko duk wani abinda ya taɓa ta.
YADDA ƘAIƘAYI YAKE FARUWA (ANATOMY OF ITCH)
Kasancewar ƙaiƙayin fata shi ne ya fi shahara, to, bayaninsa zai fi sauƙin ganewa. Ƙaiƙayi yakan fara ne sakamakon abinda ya taɓa fata na kakkaɓin ƙura (speck of dust), ko cizon ƙwaro (insect bite), ko ƙurzunu-ƙurzunun tufafi (cloth fibres), ko gurbataccen ruwa (contaminated water), ko ruwan sinadarai (chemical compounds). Idan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ya taɓa fatar jiki, to akwai jerin-gwanon halittu guda shida masu amsar saƙon taɓawar su aika da shi zuwa ga ƙwaƙwalwa, ana kiransu “receptors”, kamar haka:
1. Hair follicles (ramin gashi)
2. Meissner corpuscles (‘yan-sako na ƙasan fata)
3. Pacinian corpuscles (‘yan-saƙo na cikin tsokar jiki)
4. Merkel complexes (‘yan-saƙo na ƙarshen jijiya masu tantance zafi da sanyin idan ya taɓa fata)
5. Ruffini corpuscles (‘yan-sako na ƙasan ramin gashi masu iya gane duk motsin da ya taɓa fata)
6. C-fiber LTM – low threshold mechanoreceptors (jijiyoyi masu aikawa da saƙo zuwa ga ƙwaƙwalwa a kan saƙonnin da aka tattaro na abinda ya taɓa fata)
Da zarar ƙwaƙwalwa ta amshi saƙon ta hanyar receptors, to, za ta fahinci cewa akwai wani baƙon abu da yake ƙoƙarin shiga cikin jiki ta hanyyar fata, don haka ana buƙatar agajin gaggawa wajen kawar da shi. Sai ƙwaƙwalwa umurci hannu da ya sosa wurin domin kawar da baƙon. Hakan yana faruwa ne saboda babban aikin fata shi ne bayar da kariya ga tsoka, da jijiyoyi, da sauran halittun jiki daga shigar ƙwayoyin cuta.
To idan aka sosa wurin da yake ƙaiƙayin sai ƙwaƙwalwa ta zubo da wani sinadarin kashe ƙaiƙayi ko zafi mai suna “serotonin”. Wannan sinadarin zai gangara inda ƙaiƙayin yake, kuma ya kashe shi, daga nan sai mutum ya ji daɗi kuma ya daina jin ƙaiƙayin. Rashin sosa wurin da yake ƙaiƙayin zai sanya ya cigaba, kuma ya haddasa rashin natsuwa da rashin jin daɗi.
Amma idan mutum ya sosa wurin da yake ƙaiƙayi fiye da kima, to, hakan zai sanya wurin ya sami rauni ko ya kuje. Ya kamata mu fahimci cewa ƙaiƙayi (itch) da zafi (pain) duk abu ɗaya ne. Abinda ya bamabanta su kawai shi ne tsanani. Ma’ana, ƙaiƙayi zafi ne amma maras tsanani.
Idan kuma ƙaiƙayin ya faru ne ba domin wani abu ya taɓa fata ba, to, susa ba za ta sanya a ji sauƙi ko daɗi ba. Ma’ana idan dalilin ƙaiƙayin ya kasance rashin lafiya ne, ko laulayin amfani da magani, ko riyawar ƙwaƙwalwa, to, susa ba za ta yi warkar dashi ba, dole sai anyi amfani da maganin matsalar da ta kawo rashin lafiyar.
SAURAN ABUBUWAN DA SUKE HADDASA ƘAIƘAYI
Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
1. Bushewar fata (dryness of skin) sakamakon rashin shafa mai bayan wanka. Ana magance wannan ta hanyar daina amfani da sabulu mai ƙarfi, da kuma shafa mai bayan fitowa daga wanka.
2. Cututtukan fata (skin diseases) kamar yadda bayani ya gabanta, irinsu ƙarzuwa (eczema), karambau (chickenpox), ƙyanda (measles), da sauransu. Ana magance wannan ta hanyar magance waɗannan cututtukan.
3. Laulayin magunguna (side effects of drugs) kamar chloroquine, amitriptyline, citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, carbamazepine, da sauransu. Ana magance wannan ta hanyar tutuntuɓ ar likita domin ya bayarda maganin da ya dace.
Danna nan don karanta Lalurar Mele (Vitiligo)
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
