Muhammad Sahal Aliyu
GABATARWA
A duk lokacin da aka ce an sami wasu al’umma kuma mazauna yanki ɗaya, sannan kuma masu magana da harshe ɗaya, dole ne a samu cewa lallai akwai wani harshe guda da zai zamo zakaran da yake cara a tsakanin wannan rukuni na al’umma, wato harshe guda ɗaya da ake amfani da shi a wannan yanki.
MA’ANAR HARSHE (LANGUAGE)
A taƙaice dangane da ma’ana, an bayyana harshe da cewa ;
“Wata hanya ce ta bayyana kai da kuma hulɗa a tsakanin mutane wadda dabbobi ba su da irinta”. Hickey; (1956).
“Hanya ce ta amfani da ƙwayoyin sauti a tsai da kalmomi, su kuma kalmomin su bayar da jimla”.Yakasai (2012) ;
MA’ANAR MONOLINGUALISM
Ita wannan kalma haɗaka ce ta wasu kalmomi mabambanta, wato;
Mono- abu guda ɗaya.
Lingua- harshe (language).
Idan kuma aka ce monolingual ana nufin mutum mai jin magana da harshe guda ɗaya.
Monolingualism kuwa; Oxford :
“Damar yin amfani da harshe guda ɗaya”.
“Yin magana ko kuma rubutu da harshe guda ɗaya”.
Kenan a taƙaice za a iya cewa “monolingualism” yana nufin yin hulɗa ko mu’amala da wani harshe guda ɗaya a cikin al’umma.
Haƙiƙa an fi samun irin wannan al’amari na magana ko hulɗa da harshe ɗaya ne a cikin ƙauyuka ko karkara, wanda hakan ba ya rasa nasaba da rashin samun cunkoson harsuna mabambanta a wannan yankin. Ba lallai sai harshen Hausa ne kaɗai za a iya samun “monolingualism” ba.
Alal misali Fillanci da Yarbanci da Inyamuranci da Kanuri da Itiyap da Nupe da dai sauran harsuna da muke da su, za a samu mutum mai jin wannan harshen guda ɗaya daga cikin jerin waɗannan harsunan, idan ba da harshen ba to babu wani harshe da yake ji kuma yake iya mu’amala da shi, in ba da harshensa ba sai dai a haƙura da mu’amala.
IRE-IREN MONOLINGUALISM
Spender (1980) ya kawo ire-iren monolingualism kamar haka ;
Mai rinjaye (majority).
Mara rinjaye (minority).
MAI RINJAYE (MAJORITY)
Wannan yana nufin dukkan wani yanki ko ƙasa go gari da mafiya al’ummar wannan gari ke amfani da shi. A wannan jawabin, za mu iya kallon ƙasarmu Nijeriya a matsayin majority (masu rinjaye), ta la’akari da zarrar da harshen Hausa ya yi a ƙasar. Sahihin zance ya nuna cewa hatta waɗanda ba harshensu ba ne, su ma sun saje harshen ya zama tamkar nasu a sanadiyyar amfani da shi da suke yi a dukkan al’amuransu.
A wani ɓangaren ma, za a ga cewa mutane da yawa suna da nasu harshen da suka gada, amma kuma ba sa jin wannan harshen nasu na asali, a dalillin haka ne ma sai su koma suna magana da harshen Hausa kaɗai a matsayin harshensu. Imo da Enugu da kuma Ribas, dukkansu garuruwa ne ko yankuna ne na Inyamurai, za mu ga cewa a wannan yankunan ba su da wani harshe da ya fi Inyamuranci tasiri a yankin.
A garuruwa kuwa kamar irin su Osun da Lagos da kuma Ogun, su ma suna da nasu harshen na Yarbanci da suke gudanar da al’amuransu, kuma da wannan harshe suke magana suke kuma fahimtar juna, domin babu wani harshe da y wuce Yarbanci a gare su.
Haka kuma idan muka zo garuruwa kamar su Katsina da Kano Zamfara da Zariya, za mu ga cewa ba su da wani harshe da ya wuce harshen Hausa. Da wannan ne ake ganin cewa waɗannan jihohi za a iya kiran su da masu rinjaye a sanadiyyar yawan masu amfani da harshen da ke wannan yankuna ko garuruwa.
MARA RINJAYE (MINORITY)
Wannan shi ne ake samun wasu al’umma da adadinsu bai taka kara ya karya ba idan aka kalli yanayin harshen da kuma yawan adadin masu magana mu’amala da shi.
ILLAR AMFANI DA HARSHE ƊAYA
Amfani da harshe guda ɗaya yana da wasu illoli da yake haifarwa a tsakanin al’umma;
Tattalin Arziki/cinikayya: Ana samun koma-baya idan aka ce za a yi ciniki tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa ko gari da gari a tsakanin al’umma.
Ilimi: Ana samun nuƙusani sosai idan aka ce ana amfani da harshe guda ɗaya a fagen ilimi, domin kuwa akan sami rashin fahimta.
ALFANUN AMFANI DA HARSHE ƊAYA
- Samar da haɗin kai da jituwa a tsakanin al’umma.
- Samun daidaito a al’amuran rayuwa.
KAMMALAWA
Bayanai sun gabata tun daga ma’anar harshe da kuma ma’anar kalmar monolingualism, da kuma bayani game da ire-iren monolingualism da bayani game da alfanunsa da illarsa ga al’umma, mun fahimci cewa lallai ilimin walwalar harshe abu ne mai muhimmanci a fagen harshe.
MANAZARTA
Spender, D. (1980) ; Man Made Language, London Rutledge Kegan Paul.
Raymond Hickey(1956), English Linguistics Language Meaning and Use.
Hornby A.S, (2015) Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Of Current English 9th Edition. Oxford University Press. OUP.
MUHAMMAD SAHAL ALIYU
07065994177
2025.
Don karanta Haɗuwar Harshe (Language Contact) danna nan
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
