WikiHausa

Category: Kiwon Lafiya

Mun samar da wannan ɓangaren ne domin koyar da ilimin yadda ake kula da lafiya a cikin harshen Hausa a sauƙaƙe. Za ku iya kai wa gare su ta hanyar amfani da kwamfutoci ko wayoyin hanu.

wikiHausa ta kowa ce. Kowa zai iya taimakawa da ilimi ko gyara. Bugu da ƙari, kowa na iya amfani da wannan kafa domin koya ko koyarwa.

  • Wasu Daga Dalilan Shaye-shayen Ƙwayoyi

    Wasu Daga Dalilan Shaye-shayen Ƙwayoyi

    Masu iya magana suna cewa, ruwa ba ya tsami a banza, kuma in ka ga zomo a kasuwa kai shi aka yi. Yadda iya bincike ya tabbatar daga majiya mai tushe shi ne, ‘yan mata masu shaye-shaye suna shan ƙwayoyi da wiwi da giya da hodar Iblis (cocaine) maganin mura ko na tari da sauran abubuwan sa maye don kawai su yi maye saboda wasu dalilai kamar haka:

    1. Don a yi nishaɗi kawai

    2. Saboda kawar da ɓacin rai, (wai don damuwarsu ta ragu)
    3. Yawan kwaɗayi da ƙwalamar cewa sai an sha duk wani abu da aka ga wata kawa ko wani saurayi ko kuma aboki yana sha.

    4. Idan suna so su yi wa wasu rashin albarka (wato rashin kunya ko tsageranci), domin in ba su sha ba kunya da tsoro suna iya hana su yin tsageranci.

    5. Kwaikwayon ƙawaye da samari ko abokai don sun ga suna sha.

    6. Wasu iyayensu suka gani suna sha, shi ya sa su ma suka shiga sha.

    7. In suna so su yi fasiƙanci sai su sha.

    8. Wasu don kawai su yi ta barci.

    9. Don su yi duk abin da suka ƙudiri aniyar yi a ransu;

    10. Kaɗaitaka da yawan tunane-tunane suna sa wasu su shiga shaye-shaye.

    11. Sha’awar yadda mawaƙan ƙasashen Turawa da na yammacin duniya suke tafiyar da rayuwarsu ta fuskar shaye-shaye.

    12. Saboda ba za su iya riƙe karatu ko haddace abin da aka koya musu a makaranta ba matuƙar ba su sha ba.
    13. Saurayi yana bai wa budurwa ba tare da ta sani ba, don ya samu ya yi lalata da ita.

    14. Akwai masu sha don su nuna cewa sun waye ko don su burge.

    15. Saboda nuna isa, cewa za su iya yin abin da suke so, don babu wanda ya isa ya hana su.

    16. Soyayya da mashayi ko ɗan maye ko ‘yar maye.
    17. Rashin aikin yi.

    18. Sakar wa yarinya budurwa kula da kanta da ɗaukar nauyin lamuran rayuwarta ta yau da kullum.

    19. Gwasalewa da rashin yabawa ga matashiya a bisa abubuwan da take yi ga iyayenta ko mijinta.

    20. Kariya daga tsoro ko fargaba.

    21. Tsayawa a kan ra’ayi domin cimma wani buri.
    22. Kora daga aiki ko makaranta.

    23. Ƙyashi da hassada da kushe.

    24. Zaman birni (ka zo na zo) babu ruwan kowa da kowa.

    25. Rashin adalcin shugabanni wajen rabon arzikin ƙasa.
    26. Cunkoso a gidaje musamman gidan haya.

    27. Wuraren ayyukan gayya da kalankuwa da bukukuwan noma.

    28. Bukukuwan salla da mauludi da kuma kirsimeti.
    29. Son yin hutu ko barci a ƙarshen mako.

    30. Gudun kada yarinya ta zama saniyar ware a cikin ƙawayenta masu sha.

    31. Don tallata sana’ar su ta sayar da kayan maye da sauransu.

    32. Don a sami ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya.

    33. Akwai waɗanda ba su ma san dalilin da ya sa suke sha ba.

    34. Bin ƙwaƙƙwafi (son a san yadda ake ji in an sha ƙwaya)

    35. Son tafiya da zamani.

    36. Rashin aikin yi.

    37. Rashin kusantuwar ‘ya’ya da iyayensu.

    38. Karance-karancen littattafai da mujallu da jaridu da ƙasidu da kallon finafinan baɗala.

    39. Mummunan tunani a rayuwa.

    40. Samun abubuwan maye barkatai a ckin al’umma, ba tare da wahala ba a cikin unguwanni da loko da sako da kan tituna da kuma kasuwanninmu, cikin farashi mai arha wanda kowa na iya sayensa.

    41. ‘Yan siyasa da ɓata gari a cikin al’umma, suna amfani da wasu daga cikin dalilan da muka bayyana halaye da ɗabi’un matasa (a sama) su samar musu da kayan maye.

    42, Rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin iyali.

    43, Rashin tarbiyya ta addini.

    44. Sayarwa da tallatawa a kusa da makarantu da gidajen jama’a.

    Da yawansu in mayen ya sake su sai kuma su ji haushin abubuwan da suka yi a lokacin da ba su da cikakkiyar natsuwa ko hankali, musamman idan an gaya musu ire-iren abubuwan da suka yi a lokacin da suke cikin mayen.

    Kuma in ka ce wane daɗi suke ji in sun sha sai ka ji sun ce, ba wani daɗi illa dai kawai biya wa rai buƙata, kamar shan taba ne babu wani daɗi sai dai nishaɗi lokacin da kake busa hayaƙi sama.

    Wannan bayani an ciro shi ne daga litttafin Mata Da Shaye-shayen Kayan Maye: Ina Mafita? Wanda Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino MON ya wallafa.

    Don karanta Matakan Shiga Shaye-shayen Miyagun Ƙwayoyi danna nan

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

     

  • Hatsarin Amfani Da Mayukan Hasken Fata

    Hatsarin Amfani Da Mayukan Hasken Fata

    Yin amfani da funbact A da wasu mutane keyi, musamman mata domin mayar da fatar jikinsu ta yi haske, abu ne mai matuƙar hatsari ga lafiyar fata da jikin mutum gaba-ɗaya. Ya kamata mu fahimci cewa Allah SWT ya tsara halittar fatar mutum ne daidai da yadda ta dace da shi, ta fuskar launinta, laushinta, ko kaushinta.

    Hakan yana nufin matuƙar launi ko laushi ko kaushin fata bai haifarwa mutum alamun rashin lafiya ba, to, ya haƙura da ita a haka nan kada ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da sabulai, ko mayuka, ko ƙwayoyin magani, ko allurarai domin canza su.

    Kaɗan daga cikin hatsarin da mutum zai iya fuskanta idan ya ɗauki matakin yin amfani da funbact A ko kuma duk wani maganin haskaka fata su ne:

    1. Lalacewar fata (skin damage): magungunan haskaka fata suna ƙunshe ne da sinadarai (chemicals) masu ƙarfin gaske, kamar hydroquinone, steroids, da mercury. Daɗewa ana yin amfani da magunguna masu ɗauke da waɗannan sinadaran zai iya lalata ƙarfin fata (skin’s structure) ta zamo siririya maras ƙarfi, ta yadda za ta riƙa saurin yagewa da zarar wani abu ya yakushe ta, komai ƙanƙantarsa. Irinsa ne idan dalili ya taso wanda za a yi wa mutum ɗinki a fatarsa, to, ɗinkin ba zai yiwu ba saboda gautsin fatar.

    2. Dabbare-dabbaren launin fata (skin discoloration): daɗewa ana yin amfani da magungunan ƙara hasken fata yana sanya fatar ta yi dabbare-dabbare kamar jikin kura. Mutum ya zamo kamar mujiya, ba ya son shiga cikin jama’a domin jikinsa baya da kyawun gani.

    3. Bijirewar fata ga abubuwa masu yawa waɗanda mutum yake mu’amala da su (allergic reactions): wannan ya ƙunshi canzawar launin fata ta yi ja-zur, ko ƙaiƙayi, ko kumburi, ko zafi, ko ƙuraje, ko samiha. Ka ga mutum ya koma safa-da-marwa a asibiti wajen neman magani. Sa’annan duk ya karar da ‘yan kwabbansa da ya kamata ya riƙa cin naman kaji da su wajen sayen magani.

    4. Ƙaruwar tasirantuwa da zafin rana (increased sun sensitivity): duk fatar da ake yi mata amfani da magungunan ƙarin haske, to, tabbas za ta rasa juriyar shiga cikin zafin rana. Idan kuwa mutum ya zauna a cikin rana, zai ji kamar ana soya shi a cikin tafasasshen mai. Sa’annan hakan zai jefa shi cikin hatsarin kamuwa da cancer ta fata.

    5. Kamuwa da gubar mercury (mercury poisoning contraction): kamar yadda na faɗa a sama, magungunan haskaka fata suna ƙunshe da sinadarin mercury, wanda shi kuwa garin ƙarfe ne mai hatsari. Don haka, daɗewa ana yin amfani da shi zai iya sanya kamuwa da gubar mercury. Ita kuwa gubar mercury tana haddasa cututtukan laka (neurological disorders) da ciwon ƙoda (kidney disease).

    6. Rashin karfin gwuiwar mu’amala da mutane (low self esteem): duk mutumin da ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin mummuna saboda kawai yana da duhun launin fata, to, kullum zai riƙa raina kansa, ta hanyar jin cewa shi ba cikakken mutum ba ne. Idan namiji ne, sai ya kasa tunkarar ‘yan-mata da maganar aure. Idan mace ce, ta yi ta gudun samari ko manema aurenta.

    7. Rashin daidaiton zubar ruwan sinadarai (hormonal imbalance): wasu daga cikin magungunan haskaka fata suna ƙunshe da sinadarai masu jirkita daidaiton sinadaran jiki, daga nan su haifar da rikicewar al’ada da sauran matsalolin lafiya.

    Bisa la’akari da waɗannan abubuwan da na lissafa, ya kamata mu guji yin mu’amala da magungunan haskaka fata gaba-ɗaya.

    Shi funbact A an yi shi ne domin magance cututtukan fata idan sun auku. Saboda haka bai dace a yi amfani da shi ba sai da umurnin likita. Muhimman sinadaran da suke cikinsa su ne:

    a. Betamethasone wanda rukunin magungunan hana kumburi da ƙaiƙayi ne na corticosteroids. Akan yi amfani da shi wajen magance eczema, psoriasis, da sauransu.

    b. Neomycin wanda rukunin magungunan antibiotics ne wanda ake amfani da su domin magance cututtukan bacteria.

    Don karanta Allurar Da Ake Yi A Jijiya Da Allurar Da Ake Yi A Tsoka danna nan
    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

  • Shaye-Shayen Kayan Maye

    Shaye-Shayen Kayan Maye

    Kalmar shaye-shaye, a ƙasar Hausa, musamman a Kano, ana alaƙanta ta ne da dafaffiyar albasa wadda ‘yan mata suke yin miyar romo suna sayarwa ga yara ƙanana, suna kiran sa da shaye-shaye da romo.

    Har ila yau shaye-shaye yana nufin yin amfani da magunguna ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, wanda hakan zai iya haiffar da illa. Likitoci masu kula da lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa sun bayyana cewa za a iya kiran mutum ɗan shaye-shaye matuƙar ya ƙi daina amfani da wani magani duk da sanin irin matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa ko na jiki da wannan magani ke jawo masa.

    Amma a wannan zamani da mutum ya ji an ce shaye- shaye abin da zai fara zuwar masa a zuciya shi ne shaye- shayen abubuwa masu sa maye, wanda a yanzu ya addabi jama’a, musamman matasa da iyayensu da hukumomi da kuma sauran jama’ar gari, tun da abin yana zama wata hanya ta kawo koma-bayan matasa ta kowace fuska alhali kuma matasan su ne ƙashin bayan ci gaban al’umma.

    Don haka abin da ake nufi da shaye-shaye shi ne yin amfani da magani don wani dalili saɓanin wanda aka samar da maganin domin sa; ko kuma amfani da maganin da yake haramtacce ko kuma wanda ya saɓa da al’ada da tsarin zamantakewa. A taƙaice, ma iya cewa shaye-shaye na nufin kowanne ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan:

    -Yin amfani da magani ba don inganta lafiya ba

    -Yin amfani da magani don inganta lafiya, amma a sha fiye da yadda likitoci suka yi umarni

    -Shan maganin da hukuma ta haramta

    -Shan magani kowane iri ne ba tare da umarnin likita ba.

    Domin karanta Menene Shan Ƙwaya? Danna nan

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

  • Menene Shan Ƙwaya?

    Menene Shan Ƙwaya?

    Shan ƙwaya shi ne, shan ƙwayoyi waɗanda a likitance bai zama dole ba ko kuma a sha fiye da kima da kuma shan ƙwayoyi waɗanda doka ta haramta a yi amfani da su, kamar wiwi da hodar Iblis wato coceine da makamantansu.

    A yau, yanayin da muka tsinci kanmu a ciki na gurɓacewar ɗabi’u da halaye a tsakanin ‘yan mata da zawarawa kai har ma da wasu matan aure sai dai mu ce abubuwa sun zama yadda suka zama, wato shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma kayan maye abin sai a ce Lahaula! A da dai mun fi sanin maza da shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi da magunguna da kuma sauran abubuwan da suke sa maye, wanda har yara idan suka ga mai irin wannan ɗabi’ar yana tafiya yana tamɓele, suna bin sa da waƙa suna cewa:

    Ya yi marisa,
    Ya sha kafso.

    Amma ban da yanzu, an sami yawaitar masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, musamman ma dai matasa maza da mata. Idan mutum ya tsayar da hankalinsa ya kuma tambayi kansa da kansa menene dalilin da yasa mata a halin yanzu suka tsunduma a harkar shaye-shayen magunguna masu sa maye, na tabbatar ba zai iya ba wa kansa amsa gamsasshiya ba.

    Amma ƙila amsar da masu yin wanan shaye-shaye za su bayar ta fi zama abin dogaro da kuma amfani da ita fiye da wadda ba mai shan ba zai bayar, don an ce mai ɗaki shi ya san inda yake yi masa yoyo. Saboda haka zan yi wanan magana ne a kan iya fahimtata da kuma wasu bayanai da na samu daga irin binciken da na yi ,musamman mata masu shan ire-iren waɗannan magunguna ko ƙwayoyi.

    Babban abin damuwa shi ne ko da Allah ya yi wa mutum gyaɗar dogo ta hanyar kare shi daga amfani da magunguna ta hanyar da ya ga dama, wannan ba ya nufin ya kuɓuta daga illolin da suke haifarwa ba ne, in ma mutum ba ya aikata wannan ta’asar, to za a samu wani makusancinsa yana aikata wannan ɗanyen aiki.

    Ko da ma a ce an yi matuƙar sa’a ba a samu wani a dangin mutum yana yi ba, abu ne mai matuƙar wahala a ce ba a samu wani daga cikin ‘yan uwansa da ya taɓa gamuwa da wata matsalar ta hanyar wasu ‘yan ƙwaya ko ‘yar ƙwaya ba. Misali,a rikice-rikicen siyasa da ƙabilanci ko kuma na addini, wanda ‘yan ƙwaya ke yin uwa su yi makarɓiya a ciki. Ba ma wannan ba, hatta iskar da muke shaƙa na iya gurɓata da hayaƙin shaye-shayen ‘yan ƙwaya da sauransu.

    Idan muka yi la’akari da misalan da suka gabata, za mu iya cewa ba wani ko wata a cikin al’umma da za su iya ta’ammali da ƙwayoyi ta hanyoyin da ba su da ce ba. Sai dai kawai mu ce wasu sun fi wasu.

    Danna nan don karanta Mecece Ƙwaya?

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

  • Allurar Da Ake Yi A Jijiya Da Allurar Da Ake Yi A Tsoka (INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION)

    Allurar Da Ake Yi A Jijiya Da Allurar Da Ake Yi A Tsoka (INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION)

    A likitance, yin allura shi ne a ɗurawa maras lafiya ruwan magani a jikinsa. Ana yin allura ne ta hanyar amfani da tsinken allura mai siririn rami a tsakiyarsa tare da tsini a ƙarshensa, wanda ake kira “hypodermic needle”. Ita kuma kwalbar da ke ɗauke da ruwan maganin ana kiranta “”vial”, ko ”phial”, ko “flacon”. Shi kuwa zungurun roba mai ɗauke da ruwan maganin da ake zuƙowa, ana kiransa “syringe”.

    Akwai nau’ukan tsinken allura masu yawa waɗanda ake yin amfani da su a asibiti. Sun rabu zuwa mayan rabe-rabe kamar haka:

    1. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa a cikin tsoka (intramuscular hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a cikin tsokar jikin mutum. Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 20g zuwa 29g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 13mm zuwa 16mm.

    2. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa a tsakanin shimfiɗar fata da fata (intradermal hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a shimfiɗar fatar jiki ta sama (epidermis) da shimfidar fatar jiki ta kusa da tsoka (dermis). An fi yin amfani da shi wajen auna bijirewar fata (skin allergies). Girmanta (gauge) yakan kama daga 25g zuwa 30g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 8mm zuwa 13mm.

    3. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa a tsakanin shimfiɗar kitse da fata (subcutaneous hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a tsakanin fatar jiki da tsoka. An fi amfani da shi a allurar ciwon sugar (diabetes). Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 25g zuwa 30g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 4mm zuwa 8mm.

    4. Tsinken allurar da ake tsirawa ta jijiyar jini (intravenous hypodermic needle): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani kai-tsaye a cikin jijiyar jini. Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 20g zuwa 25g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 4mm zuwa 6mm.

    Sa’annan akwai nau’ukan zungurun ruwan allura (syringe) masu yawa waɗanda ake yin amfani da su a asibiti. Sun rabu zuwa mayan rabe-rabe kamar haka:

    1. Zungurun ruwan allurar da ake tsirawa a cikin tsoka (intramuscular syringe): Ana amfani da shi ne domin ɗura ruwan magani a cikin tsokar jikin mutum. Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 21g zuwa 22g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 1 inch zuwa 1.5 inches.

    2. Zungurun ruwan allurar tsoka (IM syringe): An fi yin amfani da shi wajen allurar riga-kafi (vaccines). Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 21g zuwa 23g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 1 inch zuwa 1.5 inches.

    3. Zungurun ruwan allurar da ake tsirawa a tsakanin shimfidar kitse da fata (subcutaneous syringe): Ana amfani da da shi a allurar ciwon sugar (diabetes). Girmansa (gauge) yakan kama daga 25g zuwa 27g. Tsawonsa (length) yakan kama daga 5 inches zuwa 8 inches.
    Likita yana yanke shawarar zaɓen irin allurar da za a yi wa maras lafita ne bisa la’akari da abubuwa masu yawa, kamar yanayin maganin, nau’in rashin lafiyar, halin da maras lafiyan yake ciki, shekarun maras lafiya, sauri ko rashin saurin da ake buƙata wajen tasirin maganin, da sauransu.

    YIN ALLURA A JIJIYAR JINI (INTRAVENOUS INJECTION)

    Allurar jijiyar jini, wacce ake taƙaita sunanta da IV, ana yin ta ne idan likita ya ga akwai buƙatar samun tasirin maganin cikin gaugawa (immediate response to medication). Don haka, idan aka yi allurar IV, to, an kaucewa dogon lokacin fara aikin allurar. Ma’ana, za ta shiga cikin jini kai-tsaye ta fara aiki. Idan za a yi wa mutum ƙarin jini (blood transfusion) ko ƙarin ruwa (rehydration theraphy), to, a jijiya ake sanya allurar. Yawanci allurar jijiya ana yin ta a hannu ne.

    Matsaloli (complications) da ake samu idan aka yi kuskuren allurar IV su ne; kumburin jijiya (phlebitis), shigar maganin cikin tsoka (infiltration), toshewar jijiya (embolism). Kura-kuran IV da ke kawo waɗannan abubuwan su ne tsira allurar ba daidai ba (wrong angle needle insertion), rashin tsabtace wurin allurar (non-sterilization of injection site), yin amfani da tsohuwar allura (use of dirty needle), ɗura ruwan magani fiye da kima (medication overdose), amfani da ruwan maganin da bai dace ba (wrong use of medication), da sauransu.

    YIN ALLURA A CIKIN TSOKA (INTRAVENOUS INJECTION)

    Allurar tsoka, wacce ake taƙaita sunanta da IM, ana yin ta ne idan likita ya ga babu buƙatar samun tasirin maganin cikin gaugawa (non-immediate response to medication). Ma’ana, ana buƙatar maganin ya je cikin hanta kafin ya dawon cikin jini, kuma ya riƙa yin aiki kaɗan-kaɗan na dogon lokaci. An fi yin alluar IM wajen riga-kafi (vaccines), ko kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (antibiotics), ko kashe raɗaɗi (pain relief).

    Idan za a yi allurar IM, ana tsira allurar ne a tsaye ba tare da karkacewa ba (90-degree angle), sa’annan a ɗura ruwan maganin a cikin tsoka. Matsaloli (complications) da ake samu idan aka yi kuskuren allurar IM su ne, kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta (infection), jin zafi (pain), zubar jini (bleeding), taruwar gunya (abscess), da sauransu. Kurakuran IM da ke kawo wadannan abubuwan sune dura ruwan magani da sauri (injection at once), taɓo ƙashi (hitting a bone), taɓo jijiya (hitting a vein), rashin tsabtace wurin allurar (non-sterilization of injection site).

    RUWAN MAGANIN ALLURAR JIJIYA (MEDICATIONS FOR IV INJECTION)

    Ruwan maganin allurar jijiya suna da yawa. Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:

    a. Maganin ƙarin ruwan jiki, kamar normal saline, lactated Ringer’s solution, da dextrose solutions.

    b. Maganin ciwon cancer (chemotherapy drugs).

    c. Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (antibiotics), kamar penicillin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, da vancomycin.

    d. Ƙarin jini (blood transfusions), kamar packed red blood cells, platelet concentrates, da fresh frozen plasma.

    e. Maganin ciwon zuciya (heart disease), kamar nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, da anti-arrhythmics.

    RUWAN MAGANIN ALLURAR TSOKA (MEDICATIONS FOR IM INJECTION)

    Ruwan maganin allurar jijiya suna da yawa. Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:

    a. Maganin riga-kafin mura (influenza vaccine), kamar afluria quadrivalent, flulaval quadravalent, da fluzone intradermal quadrivalent.
    b. Maganin riga-kafin tetanus (tetanus vaccine), kamar tetanus toxoid vaccine ko tetanus immunoglobulin.

    c. Maganin kashe raɗaɗi (pain relievers), kamar morphine, fentanyl, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), da corticosteroids.

    d. Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (antibiotics), kamar penicillin, cephalosporins, da aminoglycosides.

    e. Maganin ƙara jini (transfusions), kamar vitamin B-12 shots, Iron supplements ko erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA).

    Daga ƙarshe, ya kamata mu fahimci cewa na rubuta wannan maƙalar ne domin wayar da kan masu neman sanin makamar aikin allura, ba za a fahimci ainihin yadda al’amuran allura suke ba, sai an je makaranta, kuma an lizimci yin nazarin littattfan pharmacology. Allah ya taimaka, amin.

    Danna nan don karanta Magance Laulayin Da Magungunan Tazarar Haihuwa Suke Haddasawa

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

  • Magance Laulayin Da Magungunan Tazarar Haihuwa Suke Haddasawa

    Magance Laulayin Da Magungunan Tazarar Haihuwa Suke Haddasawa

    Na yi wannan rubutun ne saboda yawan ƙorafin da ‘yan-uwa mata suke yi a kan laulayin da magungunan tazarar haihuwa suke haifar musu. Magance laulayin ya danganta ne da irin maganin da mace ta yi amfani da shi da kuma nau’in laulayin. Kaɗan daga cikin laulayin da aka fi samu, da kuma hanyoyin magance su su ne:

    1. Magungunan tazarar haihuwa waɗanda ake yin su da sinadarai (hormonal methods): wannan ya ƙunshi dukkan magungunan tazarar haihuwa na ƙwayoyi (pills), allura (injections), na’urorin da ake sanyawa a ƙarƙashin fata (patches). Ana kiran su da magungunan tazarar haihuwa na sinadarai ne saboda ana yin su da sinadaran estrogen da progesterone. Laulayin da suke haddasawa su ne:
    • Tashin zuciya (nausea). Shan su tare da abinci yakan rage yiwuwar samun tashin zuciya. Ma’ana, a haɗa tare da abinci a lokacin da za a sha.
    • Ɓacin rai (mood swings); Idan mace ta shiga cikin yanayin ɓacin rai sakamakon amfani da magungunan tazarar haihuwa, to, sai ta koma asibiti domin a duba yiwuwar canza mata da wanda ba zai sanya ta ɓacin rai ba, ko kuma a canza mata adadin lokutan da ake sha (dosage change).
    • Rikicewar al’ada (irregular periods); Macen da ta sami wannan matsalar, ya kamata ta koma asibiti domin a duba yiwuwar canza mata maganin zuwa wanda yake da ƙarancin estrogen a cikinsa (low-dose estrogen), kamar Apri, Aviane, Yasmin, Levora, Ortho-Novum, da sauransu.
    • Ciwon nono (breast tenderness); Matan da suke shan ƙwayoyin combination pills masu ɗauke da estrogen da progesterone kamar Levofem, Yasmin, Alesse, Loestrin, da sauransu sukan fuskanci ciwon nono. Idan mace ta sami wannan laulayin, to, ta yi haƙuri domin zai bari da kansa. Idan bai bari ba, ko kuma ta damu, sai ta canza zuwa maganin only pill wanda ya ƙunshi sinadarin progesterone kaɗai, kamar norethindrone, Norgeston, Noriday, desogestrel, Cerazette, da sauransu.
    1. Hanyar tazarar haihuwa wacce ake sanya na’urori a cikin mahaifa (intrauterine devices – IUDs): na’urorin irin biyu ne. Akwai na copper mai suna “Mirena” kuma akwai na sinadari mai suna “Kyleena”. Laulayin da suke haddasawa su ne:
    • Ciwon mara ko ciki (cramping); Ana magance su ya hanyar yin amfani da magungunan kashe raɗaɗi na gama-gari (over the counter pain relievers), kamar ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, aspirin, ketoprofen, acetaminophen, buscopan, paracetamol, da sauransu.
    • Rikicewar al’ada (irregular periods); Idan na’ura ce ta haifar da rikicewar al’ada, to, akwai buƙatar mace ta yi hakuri ta jira har na  ɗan lokaci mai tsawo, domin yakan daidaita kansa bayan watanni. Idan bai daidaita ba, to, ta koma asibiti domin a canza mata da wata na’urar.
    1. Hanyar tazarar haihuwa wacce ake amfani da makari (barrier methods); wannan ya ƙunshi hular mazakuta (condom), makarin mahaifa (diaphragm), hular bakin mahaifa (cervical cap), hular mazakuta mai sinadarin kashe ‘ya’yan maniyyi (spermicides condom), soson bakin mahaifa mai kashe ‘ya’yan maniyyi (cervical sponge), da sauransu. Laulayin da suke haddasawa su ne:
    • Bijirewar jiki (allergic reactions); Idan jikin mace ya bijire ma wani makarin da ta yi amfani da shi, to, canzawa zuwa ga wani makarin daban zai iya magance laulayin.
    • Cututtukan mafitsara (urinary tract infections); Idan aka yi amfani da makari wajen yin tazarar haihuwa, to, dole ne mace ta tabbatar da tsabtar gabanta, musamman idan ta yi fitsari, ko, kafin yin jima’i, ko bayan gama jima’i, ko lokacin da take yin al’ada. Hakan shi ne zai raba ta da laulayin yin amfani da makarai ɗin. Idan kuma ta kamu da cututtukan mafitsara, sai ta je asibiti domin a ɗora ta a kan maganinsu.
    1. Yanke bututun ƙwan haihuwa (sterilization); wannan hanyar yin tazarar haihuwa ce ta din-din-din, ma’ana har abada, domin idan aka yi wa mace tiyatar yanke bututun ƙwan haihuwa (fallopian tube), ba za a iya mayar da shi ba. Laulayin da yake haifarwa su ne:
    • Jin zafi a mara ko ciki bayan an yi tiyatar yanke bututun fallopian tube ɗin (post-operative pain); Za a iya magance shi ta hanyar yin amfani da magungunan kashe raɗaɗi (over-the-counter pain relievers).
    • Yin nadamar aikin tiyatar (post-operative regrets); Yawancin matan da suka je aka yi musu tiyatar yanke bututun fallopian tubes sukan yi nadama daga baya, domin mai yiwuwa ne su buƙaci haihuwa daga baya ɗin. Idan hakan ya faru, to, abinda kawai za a iya yi musu domin samun sauƙin damuwar shi ne maganganun kwantar da hankali (counseling).

    Danna nan don karanta Lalurar Rashin Jin Ƙamshi Ko wari

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

     

  • Lalurar Rashin Jin Ƙamshi, Ko Wari (LOSS OF SMELL)

    Lalurar Rashin Jin Ƙamshi, Ko Wari (LOSS OF SMELL)

    Akan sami wani kaso na mutane masu wannan matsalar ta LOSS OF SMELL wato rashin iya tantance komai ta hanci, takan kasance ko dai rashin sense of smell ɗin kwata-kwata [anosmia] ko kuma ya zamto mutum na ji amma ba can da ƙarfi ba, sai ƙamshi ya yi ƙamshin ko ɗoyi ya yi ɗoyi sannan su ji wato [hyposmia] ko waɗanda wani lokacin jin smell kan ɗauke, ba a ji amma ya kan dawo daga baya [intermittent], ko kuma sai in sun kara abin dab da hanci.

    RABE-RABEN DALILAN LARURAR

    Irin wannan matsalar dalilanta sun kasu kashi 5:

    1]. Akwai wanda haka mutum ya taso ya sami kanshi, wacce mukan kira CONGENITAL ANOSMIA. Tun a yayin goyon ciki matsalar ta samo asali, domin cikin ƙwaƙwalwar mutum duk wani abu da yake toh akwai jijiyar da ita ke sarrafa wa ta taimaka abin ya yiwu, wanda idan ta sami naƙasu tun a ciki ba tare da tai girma tare da jikin mutum ba, ko sakamakon mahaifiya ta sha wani magani ko jiƙe-jiƙe yayin goyon cikin wanda kuma maganin ya je yai illa ga wannan sashin jijiyar cikin rashin sanin cewa me ciki ba ta shan maganin toh shi ne akan ga an haifo mutum ya zo da matsalar wannan jijiya da ba ta iya yin aikinta yadda ya dace, kama daga:

    – Jin wari ko ƙamshi wanda jijiyar da ake kira OLFACTORY NERVE ke samarwa, idan ita ce ta sami matsala sai a ga mutum ya zo ba ya jin komi tun haihuwarsa walau ƙamshi, wari, bashi ko wani abu.

    – Akwai OPTIC NERVE in wannan ta sami matsala tun a ciki shi ne jariri kan zo a makaho tun haihuwa har girma ba ya gani.

    – Akwai OCULOMOTOR, TROCHLEAR & ABDUCENT NERVES in suka sami matsala shi ne za a ga mutum ya zo da harara garke idonsa ba ya tsayawa cak, shi in yana magana abinda yake nunawa daban amma in kana kallon idon za ka ga inda yake kallo daban.

    – Akwai VASTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE da in ta sami matsala shi ne mutum kan zo a kurma tun haihuwa.

    Da dai sauran irin waɗannan jijiyoyi.

    Don haka samuwar tangarɗa jikin kowacce ke nuna matsalar da mutum ka iya fuskanta. Don haka in tun haihuwa mutum bai san wari ba, bai san ƙamshi ba toh olfactory nerve ɗin sa ce ba ta aiki. Wannan kuma bai nuna mutum zai haɗu da wata matsala ba, kurum dai sai haƙuri, wasu kuma in tafiya tai tafiya sukan wayi gari daga baya suna ɗan jin ƙamshin bayan shafe shekaru ba sa ji.

    Har mutane kan camfi a da cewa: wai wanda ba ya jin ƙamshi ko wari duk randa ya ji toh mutuwa ta kusanto masa, ko kuwa wani babba zai mutu a gidan. Amma duk camfi ne. Wannan kenan game da congenital anosmia.

    2. Sai kuma External cause wanda yake dalilin ƙila an taɓa yi wa mutum tiyata a gurin da yake hanyar jijiyar OLFACTION ne, ko aikin ƙwaƙwalwa, ko dalilin tsiro a cikin hanci wato nasal polyp, ko hatsari na wani abu da ya taɓa bugun fuska.

    Haka zalika in da girma abin ya samu mutum yana yin sana’a ko muhalli musamman ta’ammali da magunguna irin na ƙwari da sauran solvents, ko cuttukan mura.

    3. Amfani da wasu rukunin magunguna ma ka iya jawo daukewar ƙamshi, irin su antibiotics, magungunan cutar damuwa antidepressants, magungunan cuttukan zuciya, ko radiation ga masu wani nau’in cutar cancer, mutane masu shaƙar koken, duk suna iya sa ba ma ƙamshi ba hatta ji da gani ma ka iya yin rauni.

    4. Wasu cuttukan jiki, walau mutum ya taɓa cutar ƙyanda yana yaro, ko sanƙarau, ko ciwon mantuwa Alzheimer’s, cutar yunwa tamowa ko Malnutrition, ko cutar kyarma da mutum kan iya kasa tsayawa cak, hannun sa ya riƙa kyarma wato (parkinson), ds.

    5. Sai kuma rashin daidaiton sinadaran halitta wato HORMONALS IMBALANCE wanda wasu kan sami abinda muke kira KALLSMAN Syndrome. Za ka ga ko balaga ta ƙi zuwa musu, ba sa jin wari ko ƙamshi, kuma a haka ga shekaru amma balaga ta ƙi zuwa gabansa babu alamar gashi kamar ta yara abar tasa, in namiji ne, babu karyewar murya, babu girman maraina, haka in mace ce babu girman nono, ba haila, ba wani alamu na ta girma ta balaga duk da gashi ta kai shekarun sosai. Wasu duk hakan kan samu amma sai daga baya ba sanda aka saba ganin yawanci maza da ‘yan mata da abin ba. Haka na faruwa sakamakon karyotype da ke damaging ɗin sassan sarrafawa da samar da hormones ɗin a ƙwaƙwalwa wato Hypothalamus.

    Wannan shi ne taƙaitaccen bayani a game da ɗaukewar ƙamshi ko wari, Maganin kowanne ya danganta da abinda binkice ya nuna.
    Amma galibi wanda suke congenital ba abinda za su yi haka suke kurum natural, wasu kuma ana iya gano lesion ɗin ai aiki a cire idan tsiro ne a ƙwaƙwalwa, wasu kuma in mura ce su yi maganinta, wasu kuma in kallsman ai musu hormonal therapy yadda balagar za ta zo in aka yi sa’a komi ya daidaita.

    Amma dai galibi kowa ya kwan da sanin ƙarfin jin ƙamshi ko wari yana kamawa ne ka’in da na’in in an kai shekara 30 zuwa 60. Daga 60 dama naturally wannan na raguwa, komai ma na jiki ya fara saki.

    Domin ganin likita kan matsala ana iya samun duk wani ƙwararren likita a fannin kunnuwa, hanci da maƙogoro wato (ENT Physicians) ko Head & Neck surgeons. Suna nan a dukkan manyan asibitoci.

    Don karanta Harara-Garke danna nan

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

  • Istimna’i (Masturbation)

    Istimna’i (Masturbation)

    Istimna’i (masturbation) shi ne mutum, mace ko namiji, ya yi amfani da hannuwansa ya riƙa wasa da al’aurarsa ko kuma wani sashi na jikinsa domin ya motsa sha’awarsa, har ya kai ga fitar da maniyyi ga namiji ko kuma ruwan saduwa ga mace. Sa’annan ana yin istimna’i da wasu kayan saduwa na roba ko na ƙarfe waɗanda turawa suke ƙerawa da ake kira “sex toys” ko “dildos”, kamar azzakarin roba, ko farjin roba, ko na’urar jijjiga (vibrator), da sauransu.

    Masu yin istimna’i suna yin sa ne domin tsananin sha’awar saduwar aure da suke da ita, amma ba su da abokan zama na aure waɗanda za su biya musu buƙatar.

    Wani lokacin kuma ana samu masu aure ma suna yin istimna’i, domin ba su zama wuri ɗaya da iyalinsu, ko akwai rashin ƙauna a tsakaninsu da iyalinsu, ko an sami rashin jituwar da ta sanya suna wuri ɗaya amma ba su hulɗa da juna.

    Musulunci ya yi hani mai ƙarfi daga yin istimna’i. Haka nan turawa da yahudawa su ma da ba su ɗauki istimna’i a matsayin laifi ba, amma suna ɗaukarsa abin kunya, domin ba su buƙatar a gansu suna yin sa.

    A likitance kuma, istimna’i yana da illoli kamar haka:

    1. Haddasa rashin haihuwa (infertility).

    2. Haddasa rashin isasshen ruwa a jiki (dehydration).

    3. Rashin daidaiton zubar ruwan sinadarai a jiki (hormonal imbalance).

    4. Rage kaifin gani (loss of vision).

    5. Rage girman mazakuta ga namiji (decreased penile size).

    6. Cututtukan sanyin mara ga mata (pelvic inflammatory diseases).

    7. Rage ƙarfin mazakuta (erectile dysfunction).

    8. Rashin sha’awar saduwar aure tsakanin mata da miji (loss of libido).

    9. Fitar ƙuraje a jiki (body acne).

    10. Rashin isasshen ruwan maniyyi (low sperm count).

    11. Fitar gashi a tafin hannu (hairy palm).

    Ga waɗanda Istimna’i ya haifar masu da matsaloli ko rashin haihuwa matakin farko da ya kamata su ɗauka shi ne su je asibiti mafi kusa da su, idan so samu ne su je teaching hospital a ɓangaren family and reproductive health. A nan za a je a yi musu bayanin komai ba tare da ɓoye-ɓoye ba. Sa’annan a bi dukkan ƙa’idojin da zai gindaya na aune-aune da magunguna.

    Allah SWT ya yafe mana kurakuranmu, kuma ya yi mana mafita daga matsalolinmu, amin.

    Don karanta Hucewar Zazzaɓi danna nan

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

  • Hucewar Zazzaɓi (HERPES SIMPLEX)

    Hucewar Zazzaɓi (HERPES SIMPLEX)

    Hucewar zazzaɓi ko kuma wucewar zazzɓi ana kiranta “fever blisters” ko “cold sore” a likitance. Fever blisters wasu ‘yan ƙananan ƙuraje ne a cure a wuri ɗaya kuma suna gundar ruwa. Suna fitowa a gefen baki ne. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira herpes simplex virus (HSV) ne suke haddasa shi. Virus ɗin sun rabu gida biyu:

    1. Herpes simplex virus type 1 shi ne wanda yake haddasa fitowar hucewar zazzaɓi a baki, kuma ana iya ɗaukarsa ta hanyar sumba (kiss).

    2. Herpes simplex virus type 2 shi ne wanda yake haddasa fitowar hucewar zazzaɓi a al’aura, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima’i (sexually transmitted diseases).

    Herpes simplex virus type 1 da type 2 sukan warkar da kansu ba sai an yi amfani da magani ba. Amma idan abin ya ta’azzara, to, sai a tuntuɓi likita domin ɗaukar matakin da ya dace.

    Bincike ya nuna cewa akwai ƙwayoyin herpes simplex virus type 1 a cikin bakin mutum, sai dai ba su da wani tasiri (inactive). Amma a lokacin da mutum ya yi fama da wata jinya kamar zazzaɓi ko mura, to, garkuwar jikinsa za ta yi rauni. Daga nan fever blisters za su iya fito masa.

    Amma ya kamata mu fahimci cewa abubuwan da suke sanya fever blisters sun bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, kamar haka:

    1. Raunin garkuwar jiki (weak body immune system) ko da kuwa a zahiri mutum bai ji alamar wata rashin lafiya ba. A lokacin da garkuwar jikinsa take da ƙarfi, takan yaƙi dukkan wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. Amma idan ta yi rauni saboda kamuwa da wata rashin lafiya, kamar mura ko zazzaɓi, to, herpes simplex zai iya tasowa. Shi yasa ma ake kiransa hucewar zazzaɓi.

    2. Sauye-sauyen zubar sinadarai (hormonal changes). Mace, takan fuskanci sauye-sauyen zubar ruwan sinadaran estrogen da progesterone a lokacin al’ada, ko saka ƙwan haihuwa, juna biyu, ko shayarwa. Sa’annan idan mace tana fama da matsalar kumburin jakar ƙwan haihuwa (polycystic ovarian syndrome – PCOS) za ta fuskanci sauye-sauyen zubar ruwan sinadarai a cikin jikinta. A waɗannan lokutan, za ta iya fuskantar herpes simplex. Shi kuwa namiji, zai iya samun herpes simplex ne idan ya sami sauye-sauyen zubar ruwan sinadaran testosterone, ko cortisol, ko thyroid.

    3. Yanayin muhalli (environmental factors), yana iya tayar da herpes simplex, kamar tsananin zafin bazara, ko tsananin sanyin hunturu. Sa’annan gurɓacewar yanayin muhalli da ƙwayoyin cuta, ko ƙura duk suna iya tayar da shi.

    4. Gajiya (fatigue), sakamakon yin ayyukan wahala, ko rashin barci zai iya rage ƙarfin garkuwar jiki, kuma ya bayar da damar tasowar herpes simplex.

    5. Damuwa (stress), sakamakon matsalolin tattalin arziƙi, ko rashin zaman lafiya da iyali, ko rashin wani muhimmin abu a rayuwa duk za su iya haddasa raunin garkuwar jiki da kuma tasowar herpes simplex.

    6. Laulayin magunguna (side effect of drugs), domin wasu magungunan suna iya jirkita daidaiton zubar ruwan sinadaran jiki kuma su raunana ƙarfin garkuwar jiki. Daga nan sai herpes simplex ya taso. Misalinsu shi ne magungunan hana kumburi (corticosteroids) kamar prednisone da methotrexate, ko magungunan cutar cancer (chemotherapy drugs) kamar cyclophosphamide da doxorubicin da methotrexate, ko magungunan kashe cututtuka (antibiotics) kamar tetracyclines, ko magungunan dashen sassan jiki (antirejection drugs for transplant) kamar cyclosporine da tacrolimus.

    Babban maganin fever blisters shi ne mutum ya yi ƙoƙarin lura da abubuwan da idan suka same shi suke haifar masa da su, domin kauce musu.
    Danna nan don karanta Fitowar Haƙora Ga Yara, Faɗuwarsu Da Sake Fitowarsu

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu

  • Fitowar Haƙora Ga Yara, Faɗuwarsu, Da Sake Fitowarsu

    Fitowar Haƙora Ga Yara, Faɗuwarsu, Da Sake Fitowarsu

    Yaran da ake goyonsu, suna fara fitar da haƙora ne da zarar sun cika watanni 6 da haihuwa, kuma shi ake kira “deciduous teething”. Haƙora za su cigaba da fitowa ɗaya-bayan-ɗaya har sai yaro ya kai shekaru shida da haihuwa.

    RABE-RABEN HAƘORA

    Haƙora sun rabu gida huɗu, kamar haka:

    1. Haƙoran yanka abinci (incisors): su ne haƙoran gaba waɗanda suke fitowa a sama da ƙasan dasashi. Amfaninsu shi ne yanka abinci, domin suna da kaifi kamar wuƙa. Idan mutum zai yanki abinci da su, incisors ɗin sama da na ƙasa suna haɗewa kamar almakashi domin yanka abincin.

    2. Mataimakan haƙoran yankan abinci (canines): su ne haƙora masu tsini a gefen dama da hagun incisors, a sama da ƙasan dasashi. Amfaninsu shi ne taimakon incisors wajen yanka abinci.

    3. Hakoran tauna abinci (premolars): su ne haƙora masu faɗi waɗanda suke bi ma canines. Amfaninsu shi ne tauna abinci bayan incisors da canines sun yanka shi.

    4. Turamen hakora (molars): su ne haƙora masu faɗi sosai na ƙarshen dasashi. Amfaninsu ɗaya yake da premolars wajen niƙe abinci.

    YADDA HAƘORI YAKE FARA FITOWA (TEETHING PROCESS)

    Idan yaro ya kai watanni 6 da haihuwa, haƙora za su fara turowa a kan dasashinsa. Amma ana samun yaran da suke kai wa watanni 12 ma kafin su fara haƙora, kuma hakan ba matsala ba ne. Yawanci incisors guda biyu ne suke fara fitowa a kan dasashin ƙasa. Daga nan sai incisors su biyo bayansu, sai kuma molars. A lokacin da yaro ya cika shekaru 3 da haihuwa, matasakaicin yawan haƙoran bakinsa sukan zamo guda 20.

    FAƊUWAR HAƘORI (TEETH LOSS OR SHEDDING)

    Kamar yadda haƙoran yaro suke fitowa a matakan watanni da shekaru daban-daban, haka faɗuwarsu yake zuwa, tare da fitowar wasu haƙoran na din-din-din. Yadda abin yake faruwa, shi ne:

    1. Incisors na tsakiyar dasashin sama (central upper incisors), suna fitowa ne a tsakanin watanni 8 zuwa 12 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 7 da haihuwa.

    2. Incisors na gefen dasashin sama (lateral upper incisors), suna fara fitowa ne a tsakanin watanni 9 zuwa 13 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 7 zuwa 8 da haihuwa.

    3. Canines na sama (upper canines cuspid), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 12 zuwa 22 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

    4. Molars na farko na sama (first upper molars), suna fara fitowa a tsakanin watanni 13 zuwa 19 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11 da haihuwa.

    5. Molars na biyu na sama (second upper molars), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 25 zuwa 33 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

    6. Molars na farko na ƙasa (first lower molars), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 14 zuwa 18 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11 da haihuwa.

    7. Molars na biyu na ƙasa (second lower molars), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 23 zuwa 31 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

    8. Canines na ƙasa (lower canines cuspid), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 17 zuwa 23 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 12 da haihuwa.

    9. Incisors na gefen dasashin ƙasa (lateral lower incisors), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 10 zuwa 16 da haihuwa, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 7 zuwa 8 da haihuwa.

    10. Incisors na tsakiyar dasashin ƙasa (central lower incisors), suna fitowa a tsakanin watanni 6 zuwa 10 da haihu, sa’annan suna faɗuwa a tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 7 da haihuwa.

    Idan jariri ya kai wata 6, garkuwar jikinsa takan fara canzawa domin a daidai wannan lokacin ne ake buƙatar a fara ba shi wasu nau’ukan abinci bayan nonon uwa. Sa’annan a lokacin ne yaro yakan riƙa sanya abubuwan duk da ya raruma a cikin bakinsa. Hakan zai sanya shi cikin hatsarin kamuwa da cututtuka.

    Alamomin rashin lafiya waɗanda yaro yakan nuna a daidai wannan lokacin su ne rashin bacci, yawan rigima, ƙurajen jiki, mura, dalalar miyau, cizon nono, da gudawa. Duk ana alaƙanta su da fitar haƙora. Sai dai waɗannan yanayin ba su daɗewa yaro zai warware.

    Wani lokaci idan haƙori zai fito, za a ga wurin fitowar a kan dasashi ya ɗan kumbura kuma ya yi launin shuɗi-mai ruwan ƙasa (blue-grey), wanda ake kira “eruption cyst”. Amma ba ya daɗewa yakan baje da zarar haƙorin ya fito.

    Sai dai ana buƙatar uwa ta taimakawa yaro domin samun sauƙin yanayin, ta hanyar mammatsa dasashin da hannunta mai tsabta, ba shi abin taunawa maras zaƙi, goge masa miyau mai dalala, ba shi maganin kashe raɗadi, da sauransu.

    Fitowar haƙora ga yaro suna da matuƙar muhimmanci domin su ne suke bai wa yaron damar iya cin abincin manya, da fitar sautin magana babu gura-gura, da sanya kyawun fuska, da samar da gurbin fitowar haƙora na din-din-din.

    Sa’annan yana da muhimmanci uwa ta kula da tsabtar haƙoran yaronta a lokacin da suke fitowa, ta hanyar wanke masa baki sau biyu a yini. Za ta iya yin amfani da brush maras ƙarfi tare da man goge baki. Idan aka lura da cewa haƙoransa sun sami matsala, to, a kai shi asibiti.

    ZUBEWAR HAƘORA (TEETH LOSS OR SHEDDING)

    Kamar yadda na faɗa a sama, haƙoran yarinta za su fara zubewa idan yaro ya kai shekara 6, domin haƙoran din-din-din su maye bayansu. Wannan shi ake kira ‘famfara” da Hausa. Wasu yaran ma sukan fara yin famfara tun suna da shekaru 4 da haihuwa.

    HAƘORAN DIN-DIN-DIN (PERMANENT OR SECONDARY TEETH)

    Haƙoran din-din-din su ne waɗanda mutum yake da su a lokacin da ya kai shekaru 21 da haihuwa kuma da su zai cigaba da rayuwa. Idan suka faɗi, ba za su sake fitowa ba, sai dai mutum ya rayu a matsayin wawulo. Ko kuma ya je asibiti a yi masa haƙoran roba.

    Yawanci haƙoran din-din-din guda 32 ne, 16 a kan dasashin sama kuma 16 a a kan dasashin ƙasa. Amma akan sami mutanen da turamen haƙoransu na 3 (third molar teeth) su ƙi fitowa, don haka sai su zamo masu haƙora 28 maimakon 32.

    Daga ƙarshe, ya kamata mu san cewa fitowar turmin haƙori na ƙarshen dasashi wanda Hausawa suke kira “haƙorin hankali”, ba shi ne yake nuna da zarar ya fito shikenan mutum zai zamo mai hankali ba. A a, abinda ake nufi shi ne idan shekarun mutum na haihuwa suka kai lokacin fitowarsa, to, ana kyautata zaton ya kai shekarun da ya kamata ya natsu.

    Danna nan don karanta Harara Garke

    Edita@rumasau-kallamu