A WANNAN LOKACIN NA ZAZZAƁIN MALARIA MUSAMMAN GA YARA YANA DA KYAU MUSAN YADDA ZA MU MAGANCE “CEREBRAL MALARIA” TA HANYAR HAƊAKAR MAGUNGUNAN ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DA KUMA ANTIBIOTICS DRUGS
Cerebral malaria wani nau’in zazzaɓin cizon sauro ne mai zafi wanda yake shafar ƙwaƙwalwar mutum. Yana kama yara da manya. Ƙwayar cutar “Plasmodium falciparum parasite” ce take haddasa shi, kuma tana shiga jikin mutum ne idan sauro mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar ya ciji mutum.
Idan ƙwayar cutar ta shiga cikin jikin mutum, tana kai hari ne a kan jajayen ƙwayoyin jininsa (red blood cells), kuma ta toshe masa ƙananan jijiyoyin jini na cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa. Hakan zai haifar da kumburin jijiyoyin da kuma rashin gudanar jini a cikinsu. Daga nan sai tsokokin ƙwaƙwalwa su lalace.
Alamomin kamuwa da cutar cerebral malaria sun haɗa da:
- Ɗaukewar numfashi (seizure),
- Rikicewa (confusion),
- Suma (coma),
- Da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini na laka (neurological vessels damage).
Idan aka tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar, to, ya zamo dole a ɗauki matakin gaugawa wajen magance ta domin a kaucewa rasa rayuwar maras lafiyan.
Ƙwayar cutar cerebral malaria ta bambanta da sauran nau’ukan malaria, waɗanda mabambantan plasmodium parasites suke haddasawa. Sauran nau’ukan malaria ɗin sun ƙunshi:
1. Plasmodium falciparum wanda yake haifar da zazzaɓi mai zafi, kuma shi ne yake haddasa yawancin mace-macen da malaria take kawowa a faɗin duniya.
2. Plasmodium vivax wanda yake haifar da zazzaɓi mai yawan dawowa bayan an sha magani. Ƙwayar cutar takan zauna a cikin hantar mutum ne na lokaci mai tsawon, kuma hakan shi ne ya sanya take yawan dawowar.
3. Plasmodium ovale wanda ba a cika samunsa a cikin al’ummarmu ba. Shi ma yana yawan dawowa.
4. Plasmodium malariae wanda yake haifar da zazzaɓi maras tsanani. Sai dai zai iya zama a cikin jinin mutum na lokaci mai tsawo, ya riƙa sanyawa mutum rashin jin daɗi. Ma’ana, shi bai warke ba, kuma shi bai kwanta saboda rashin lafiyar ba.
5. Plasmodium knowlesi, wanda yake kama dabbobi, musamman birai (macaque monkeys), amma zai iya kama mutum.
Magance cerebral malaria yana buƙatar ɗaukar matakai na haɗakar magunguna saboda hatsarin cutar. Yin amfani da alluran jijiyoyi na antibiotics, kamar IV gentamicin da IV ceftriaxone, tare da magungunan malaria (antimalarial drugs), yana da manufa kamar haka:
1. Kare maras lafiya daga kamuwa da cututtukan bacteria idan baya da su, ko kuma magance su idan yana da su (prevention or treatment of bacterial infections): wanda ya kamu da cuta mai tsanani irin cerebral malaria, garkuwar jininsa takan yi rauni sosai, kuma hakan yana iya bayar da dama ga cututtukan bacteria su shiga jikinsa su haɗu da na malaria ɗin su ƙara rikita jikinsa. Antibiotics kamar gentamicin da ceftriaxone za su taimaka wajen magance cututtukan bacteria ɗin.
2. Ƙoƙarin kare maras lafiya daga kamuwa da haɗakar cututtuka (covering for potential coinfections): a yankunan da cutar malaria ta yi ƙamari (malaria endemic regions), akwai yiwuwar maras lafiya ya haɗu da wasu cututtukan bacteria. Saboda haka, yin amfani da waɗannan antibiotics ɗin ga maras lafiyan zai samar masa da kariya mai yawa (broad-spectrum coverage) daga cututtukan bacteria da suke cikin muhallin.
3. Cututtukan da ake iya ɗauka daga asibiti (hospital-acquired infections): maras lafiyan da aka kwantar a asibiti, yana iya fuskantar hatsarin kamuwa da wasu cututtukan daban, na wasu marasa lafiya da suke cikin asibitin. Allurai na antibiotics za su taimaka wajen bayar da kariya daga kamuwa da waɗannan cututtukan.
Don haka, a rinƙa yin haɗakar magungunan malaria da kuma magungunan antibiotics ga maras lafiyan da yake fama da cutar cerebral malaria, abu ne wanda yake dai-dai.
Karanta Hanyoyin Shayar Da Jaririn Da Mahaifiyarsa Ta Rasu
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
