Shigowar Nufawa Ƙasar Hausa

Nufawa su ne mutanen da suke zaune a farfajiyar da ta haɗa kogin Kwara da kogin Kaduna. Da farko fatauci da noma da kamun kifi su ne manyan sana’o’insu na gargajiya. An bayyana cewa wurin da suka fara kafa cibiyar gudanar da mulkinsu na a Muregi wadda take a gefen mahaɗar kogin Kwara da kogin Kaduna.

Da farko tsarin tafiyar da shugabancinsu tsari ne wanda yake ba kowane ƙauye damar tafiyar da mulkinsu na cin-gashin kansa. Wannan ne ya sa suke zaune a cikin rukuni-rukuni. Daga cikin waɗannan rukunoni babba daga cikin su wanda yake shugabancinsu shi ne rukunin “Beni-Nufe”.

Akwai rukunonin ƙauyuka goma sha biyu waɗanda suka haɗu suka yi ƙasar Nufe, su ne kamar haka; Lafiya da Bida da Doko da Eso da Nufeko da Eda da Towagi da Yesa da Gaba da Panjuru. Daga baya sun haɗu a ƙarƙashin shugabancin ƙananan sarakunan “Beni-Nufe” (Bello, 1999:27).

Dangane da shigowar Nufawa ƙasar Hausa yana da matuƙar wuya a ce ga lokacin da suka fara shigowa wannan ƙasa. Abin da aka sani shi ne, akwai daɗaɗɗiyar dangantakar al’adu da addini da kasuwanci a tsakanin Nufawa da mutanen ƙasar Hausa. Ta hanyar wannan dangantaka ‘yan kasuwa daga ƙasar Nufe suna safarar kayayyaki daga ƙasarsu da kuma waɗanda suka sawo daga kasuwannin ƙasashe maƙwabtansu don su sayar a kasuwannin ƙasar Hausa.

Ire-iren waɗannan kayayyaki sun haɗa da kayan farin ƙarfe irin su ludduna da ‘yan hannu na mata da likkafun siradan dawaki da dai sauransu. Ta hanyar wannan kasuwanci wasu ‘yan kasuwa Nufawa suka kafa unguwar Ayagi a cikin Birnin Kano (Baƙo, 1990:72).

Haka kuma an sami wasu ‘yan kasuwa Nufawa waɗanda suke fatauci a tsakanin ƙasar Hausa da ƙasar Nufe cikin ƙarni na goma sha bakwai da na sha takwas suna safarar kayayyaki irin su riguna girken Nufe da bindigogi da bayi da babanni da dai sauransu. Ire-iren waɗannan fatake wasunsu sun zauna a ƙasar Hausa zama na dindindin (Adeleye, 1975:592).

Bayan waɗanda suka shigo ƙasar Hausa don yin kasuwanci, wasu Nufawan sun shigo ƙasar Hausa don neman ilimin addinin Musulunci. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karɓar addinin Musulunci da mafi yawancin Nufawa suka yi.

An sami shigowar Nufawa da yawan gaske cikin garuruwan ƙasar Hausa musamman a cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara bayan jihadin Shehu Ɗanfodiyo. Sun shigo cikin wasu garuruwan ƙasar Hausa musamman Sakkwato wadda ita ce cibiyar Daular Sakkwato don neman ilimin addinin Musulunci (Bello, 1999:29).

Sakamakon kafuwar mulkin mallaka a ƙasar Hausa a cikin ƙarni na ashirin an sami ƙarin shigowar Nufawa a wannan ƙasa. Sun shigo ne don neman ilimin zamani wanda Turawa suka kawo. Dangane da haka ne wasunsu sun shigo garuruwa irin su Sakkwato da Zariya da Katsina da Kano, don a wancan lokacin a waɗannan garuruwa ne aka fara kafa makarantun koyar da ilimin zamani a duk faɗin arewacin Nijeriya.

Ana ɗaukar ɗalibai daga ko’ina cikin wannan yanki har daga ƙasar Nufe. Misali, a cikin shekarar 1935 daga cikin ɗaliban da aka ɗauka a Kwalejin Katsina akwai Nufawa cikinsu (Indabawa, 1997:200).

A cikin wannan ƙarni dai an sami ƙarin shigowar wasu Nufawa a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Hausa don neman aiki a ma’aikatun da Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka kafa a wasu garuruwan da suke cikin ƙasar Hausa. An sami Nufawa waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin leburori da masinjoji da dai sauran ayyuka.

Ga waɗanda suka sami damar yin karatun zamani an ɗauke su a matsayin akawu-akawu don su yi aiki a tashoshin jiragen ƙasa da dai sauran ayyuka. An kuma ƙara samun shigowar Nufawa cikin ƙasar Hausa bayan samun mulkin kai. Sun shigo don yin aikace – aikace a hukumomi da ma’aikatu da kamfanonin Gwamnatin Jihar Arewa.

A Sakkwato ma akwai ire-iren waɗannan Nufawa kamar Malam Abdullahi Ndagi da Malam Mohammed Bello da Alhaji Abdullahi Jimada da dai sauransu. A Sakkwato Nufawa sun kafa ƙungiyar taimakon-kai-da-kai don haɗa kan dukkan Nufawan da suke zaune a Sakkwato da kewaye a unguwannin Anguwar Nufawa da Pategi da Kurmin Nufawa da Tako da dai sauransu (Bello: 1999:36, 48,50).

Kasancewar mafi yawancin Nufawan da suka shigo ƙasar Hausa mabiya addinin Musulunci ne ya sa suka sami karɓuwa wurin al’ummar Hausawa. Wannan ya taimaka an sami musayar al’adu da auratayya a tsakaninsu.

Kamar yadda Nufawa suka shigo ƙasar Hausa, an sami wasu Hausawa da suka yi ƙaura daga ƙasar Hausa suka koma ƙasar Nufe. Ire – iren waɗannan Hausawa sun je wannan ƙasa ne don yin kasuwanci da wasu hulɗoɗi.

A sakamakon haka ne a yanzu akwai Hausawa masu yawa waɗanda suke zaune a garuruwa da ƙauyukan ƙasar Nufe, waɗanda suka haɗa da Bida da Katcha da Lafai da Agaye (Hira da GHM, a garin Bida, a ranar 18/8/2004). Ire-iren waɗannan Hausawa sun zama ‘yan ƙasa kuma suna magana da harshen Nufanci kamar yadda suke magana da harshen Hausa, kuma al’adunsu da na Nufawa na yi wa juna shigar giza-gizai.

Nason Al’adun Nufawa Kan Hausawa

Ayyuka irin na wanzancin Hausawa waɗanda Nufawa suke yi ba su da yawa kamar yadda aka same su a wurin al’ummomin Fulani da Barebari da Buzaye. Wannan dalili ne ya sa nason da aka samu na al’adun Nufawa cikin wanzancin Hausawa ba su da yawa ƙwarai. Amma kuma duk da haka akwai wasu fannoni na wannan sana’a waɗanda suka samo asali daga al’adun Nufawa.

Cire Belun-wuya

A al’adar Nufawa ba su damu da cire belun-wuya ba, maimakon cirewa suna ba da magani ne. Wannan al’ada ta yi naso a kan wasu Hausawa waɗanda suke zaune a ƙasar Nufe, don kuwa akwai waɗanda idan aka haifa masu jariri, maimakon wanzami ya cire belun, sai dai ya ba da magani wanda za a riƙa ba jaririn ya riƙa sha ko kuwa a ɗaura masa wani karhu a wuya (Hira da AGHM da AMB, Jihar Neja da AYAUB, Jihar Neja da HMA da YDG da AM da AD a ranakun 18 da 19 da 20 ga watan Agusta 2008).

Wannan al’amari ya yi tasiri a kan wanzancin Hausawa saboda wasu wanzamai waɗanda suke yin ayyuka a ire-iren waɗannan gidaje suna rasa ayyuka. Wanda a dalilin haka abubuwan suke shigowa a wurinsu za su ragu.

Askin Jarirai na Suna da Lokacin Yin sa

Wani ɓangare wanda al’adun Nufawa suka yi naso a cikin wanzancin Hausawa shi ne ta fuskar askin jarirai na suna. A al’adar Nufawa ba dole ne a yi wa jariri aski a ranar suna ba, ana iya yin wannan aski a kowace rana kafin a yi suna ko bayan an yi suna. Wasu ma ba sa yi wa jariran da aka haifa maza ko mata askin ƙwaryar molo, a maimakonsa a lokacin da ta yi tsawo sosai, sai dai a daddatse ta da almakashi.

Irin wannan al’ada ta yi tasiri sosai a kan wasu Hausawa waɗanda suke zaune a ƙasar Nufawa da ma wasu da suke zaune a wasu sassa na ƙasar Hausa, don kuwa a wannan zamani akwai wasu Hausawa waɗanda a lokacin da aka yi masu haihuwa, idan aka kwana biyu ko uku da haihuwar, sai su sanya wanzami ya yi wa abin da aka haifa namiji ko mace aski ba sa jira sai ranar suna.

Wasu kuma ba sa yin askin sai bayan kwana ɗaya ko wuce haka da yin suna. Yin haka ya saɓa al’adar yin askin jariri a ƙasar Hausa (ADS da MMSAB da MLTG da HIAY da MHYB, a ranakun 18 da 19 da 20/8/2008).

Nason Al’adun Nufawa ta Fuskar Ladar Aikin Wanzanci

A al’adar Nufawa idan aka yi wani aiki wanda ya danganci aski ko kaciya ko ba da maganin gargajiya, waɗanda aka yi wa aikin ne suke biya, ba kamar a al’adar Hausawa ba, wadda idan aka yi haihuwa ko kaciya ‘yan’uwa da abokan arziki ne suke tattara kuɗi su biya wanzamin. Haka kuma hatsi ne kawai suke bayarwa, ba a sanya kayan yaji irin su barkono da kanwa da citta da makamantansu.

Irin wannan al’ada ta yi naso a kan wasu Hausawa waɗanda suke zaune a ƙasar Nufawa domin kuwa a wannan zamani duk wanda matarsa ta haihu, shi ke biyan wanzamin da ya yi aski da sauran al’adun wanzanci, saɓanin yadda ake yi a ƙasar Hausa inda ‘yan’uwa da abokan arziki suke tattara kuɗi domin biyan wanzamin.

Haka kuma tsaba kaɗai ake ba wanzami, ba a haɗawa da kayan yaji kamar yadda aka saba yi a ƙasar Hausa. Wannan al’amari ya yi tasiri a kan wanzanci saboda an sami akasi ta fannin abubuwan da ake biyan wanzami waɗanda suka saɓa da ire-iren waɗanda ake bayarwa a al’adar Hausawa (ADS da MMSA da MLT da HIAY da MHYB, 18 da 19 da 20/8/2008).

Karanta Shigowar Buzaye Ƙasar Hausa

Wannan bayani an ciro shi ne daga kundin bincike mai taken: SANA’AR WANZANCI DA SAUYE-SAUYEN ZAMANI JIYA DA YAU wanda BASHIR ALIYU SAFANA SALLAU ya wallafa WANDA AKA GABATAR A TSANGAYAR FASAHA DA ADDININ MUSULUNCI SASHEN KOYAR DA HARSUNAN NIJERIYA JAMI’AR BAYERO, KANO, DOMIN CIKA WANI ƁANGARE NA SAMUN DIGIRI NA UKU (Ph.D) A FANNIN HAUSA

MAYU 2009/JUMADA ULA 1430

Edita@rumasau-kallamu