WikiHausa

Tag: Physiology da Hausa

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Tara: Hematology (Jini da Abubuwan da ya ƙunsa )

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Tara: Hematology (Jini da Abubuwan da ya ƙunsa )

    Jini wani nau’i ne na tissue wanda ake kira da connective tissue wato sashe mai sadarwa. Ma’ana yana haɗa gaɓoɓi daban-daban na jiki da juna.

    Kamar ko wani irin sashe mai sadarwa, jini ma yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halittu da kuma wasu abubuwa a zagaye ko a tare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu, wadda kowace ƙwayar halitta na da aikinta 

    Kwayoyin halittun sun haɗa da:

    Red blood cell: wato ƙwayar haliita mai launin ja, wadda ke ɗauke da jini mai sinadarin oksijin (oxygen) wato iska kan isar da su daga inda aka dauko su zuwa ga inda za a kai su haka a ɗauko ko iskar da ba a buƙata akai shi inda za a fitar da shi. 

    White blood cells: Wato ƙwayar halitta ta jini mai launin fari wadda sun ƙunshi sojojin da suke yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cututtuka a cikin jikinmu. 

    Platelets: Wato ƙwayoyin halluttun dake samar da jini a lokacin da aka samu zubar jini. 

    Sauran abubuwan da jini ya ƙunsa su ake kira da Plasma, za ka iya cewa ruwan da jinin ya ƙunsa. Za a iya raba waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittun daga jikin plasma ta hanyar kaɗi wato centrifuge ta hanyar amfani da na’urar centrifuge machine wadda ke girgiza jinin da aka zuba a cikin kwalba domin rarraba waɗannan ƙwayoyin hallittu na jini da juna. 

    Yana dkayu ku karanta Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam

    Mene ne PCV ()

    Shi ne kaso na ƙwayoyin halittun dake cikin jini. Normal shi ne kashi 40 zuwa hamsin a maza, Kaso 37 zuwa 45 a mata, ƙasa da haka shi ake kira da ANEMIYA (anaemia) wato ƙarancin jini a jiki, sama da haka kuma POLISAITEMIYA (Ploycythemia) wato jini yi yawa kenan. Red blood cell ya fi yawa domin ya ƙunshi sama da kashi 90. 

    Shin mene ne amfanin Jini a Jikin Mutum
    • Isar da iska da kuma sarrafaffen abinci zuwa inda ake buƙata.
    • Daidaita zubar jini ta hanyar amfani da platelates wajen hana zubar jini.
    • Hana daskarewar jini ta hanyar amfani da sinadaran tsinka jini wato.
    • Garkuwar jiki ta hanyar amfani da WBC
    • daidaita kaurin jini da hanyar amfani da ECF wato ruwan dake wajen ƙwayoyin halittu, ma’ana wanda ke cikin hanyoyin jini.
    Ta yaya jini ke haɗuwa? 

    Kafin haihuwa ana haɗa jini ne a Yolk Sac, a wata ukun farko wato wani abu kamar leda wanda ya zagaye jariri. Saifa da Hanta a wata ukun tsakiya, ɓargo wato  Bone marrow a watanni ukun ƙarshe. 

    Abubuwa da ake buƙata domin sarrafa ko haɗa jini,  rashin waɗannan abubuwan yakan jawo matsala a haɗuwar jini, ma’ana za a ga matsala a inda ya kamata su yi aiki. 

    • Amino acid
    • Iron
    • Bitamin B12
    • Bitamin C
    • Bitamin E
    • Copper

    Buƙatuwar waɗannan abubuwan na ƙaruwa a wasu yanayi wanda jiki ke buƙatar jini da yawa. Misali mace mai ciki ko mai shayarwa da kuma yaro a shekara ta farko a rayuwarsa. 

    Misali VitB12 shi kesa girman ƙwayar halitta ta jini, ya zo a daidai, idan muka rasa shi, hakan zai sa girman ya ƙaru. 

    Mene ne HEMOGLOBIN (Hg)

    Wani abu ne wanda RBC ya ƙunsa, wanda shi kesa shi ya zama ja. Ya ƙunshi wasu ɗakuna wanda suke adana sinadaran iska, domin kai komo a cikin jini 

    Akwai nau’ikansa iri-iri

    Akwai Hg F wanda shi ne na jarirai zuwa shekara A na manya kenan. 

    Akwai HbA1C wato wanda ke ɗauke da sugar wanda, da shi ake amfani wajen gano illar da suga ya yi yawa jiki.

    Yana dakyau ku karanta Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Takwas: Gastrointestinal System(Sashin Sarrafa Abinci)

    Akwai Hb wanda suke da matsala wato na cuta kenan kamar Hg S wato na masu sikila kenan. 

    Ana ragargaje jini ne duk bayan kwana 120, sannan hakan na faruwa ne a cikin Saifa wato spleen. 

    Idan an ragargaje shi, ana amfani da wani ɓirɓishin wajen haɗa wani jinin. Sauran ɓirɓishin kuma a haɗa BAYIL (wato) madaɗiya kenan, wadda ita ke taimakawa wajen narkar da kitsen da muka ci ta kuma ba wa bayimu ko fitsari nau’in ruwan ɗorawa.

    Domin karanta Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Shida: Hematology (Jini da Abun da ya Ƙunsa) Danna nan

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Takwas: Gastrointestinal System(Sashin Sarrafa Abinci)

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Takwas: Gastrointestinal System(Sashin Sarrafa Abinci)

    Yana da gaɓoɓi wanda ke aiwatar da wannan aikin. Su ne; Baki, Maƙoshi, Tumbi, Hanta, maɗaciya, Ƙaramin hanji da babban hanji, Pankiris

    1. Baki: Shi ne ƙofa ta farko wadda ake fara niƙa abinci ta hanyar amfani da yawu da haƙora da kuma sinadarai irin su Amailez.
    2. Maƙoshi: Bututu ne musamman domin wucewar abincin da aka taune aka mulmule shi. Yana wucewa ne ta ɗabi’ar matsewa da buɗewa.
    3. Tumbi (Stomach): Ana kiran shi da tanki, domin shike ajiye abinci na ɗan wani lokaci kamar awa 4 kafin a tura shi zuwa ka ƙaramin hanji. Tumbi na da wata siffa ta musamman wadda ke hana abinci komawa zuwa maƙoshi ko wucewa zuwa ƙaramin hanji idan ba a buƙatar hakan. A sama da shi akwai matsi wanda ke hana abinci komawa, ana kiran shi da lower oesophageal sphincter kasa da shi kuma pyloric sphincter.
    4. Hanta da maɗaciya: Hanta na da fa’idoji da yawa . Yayin da kowace fa’ida na da alaƙa da wannan sashin.

    Yana dakyau ku karanta Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Bakwai: Respiratory System (Sashin Numfashi)

    A sashin sarrafa abinci, hanta na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa Bile wato maɗaciya, sannan a kwararo shi zuwa ga mataki na farko na ƙaramin hanji wanda ake kira da diyodenom (duodenum). Amfanin wannan maɗaciyar shi ne narkar da maiƙon da aka ci. 

    Ƙaramin hanji: Ya kasu kashi uku kashi na farko shi ne Diyodenum wanda yake ɗauke da ƙofar dake karɓar maɗaciya yayin da abinci ya isa zuwa cikin ƙaramin hanjin. Ma’ana dukkan sarrafawa da niƙawa na abinci yana faruwa ne a wannan kashin farko na ƙaramin hanji. Bayan niƙa abinci a wannan matakin ne ake karɓar sarrafaffen abinci zuwa ga cikin jini domin kai su zuwa cikin ƙwayar halittu.

    Yana dakyau ka/ki karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na hudu: Autonomous nervous system (Sashin Bada Umarni Da Amsa Saƙo)

    Pankiris: Wani sashe ne a cikin cikin ɗan Adam wanda yake ɗauke da sinadaran niƙa abinci, sannan yana ɗauke da maziri da ya kai zuwa ka ƙaramin hanji domin isar da wannan sinadaran niƙa abinci zuwa ƙanana.

    Babban Hanji: Babban hanji na da fa’idoji da yawa. Ɗaya daga ciki shi ne; Shine yake karɓar abincin da jiki bai buƙatar sa ya sarrafa shi tare da amfani da sinadarai wajen mai da shi kashi. Sannan a wannan babban hanjin ne ake samar da Bitamin Ta hanyar kimiyya dake faruwa a wannan wajen. Babban hanji na zuƙar ruwa daga cikin jikinmu idan ana bukatar nika, domin samar da abinda ake buƙata.

    A ƙarshe duk abinda jiki bai buƙata akan fidda shi ta hanyar bayan-gida ko fitsari ko kuma gumi.

    Domin karanta Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Shida: Hematology (Jini da Abun da ya Ƙunsa) Danna nan

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Bakwai: Respiratory System (Sashin Numfashi)

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Bakwai: Respiratory System (Sashin Numfashi)

    Ya ƙunshi wasu gaɓoɓi da suke haɗuwa su yi aiki a tare, domin a samar da numfashi.Wannan gaɓoɓi sun haɗa da: Hanci, maƙogaro, bututun numfashi da huhu.

    Ta yaya iska ke shiga cikin huhu kuma ta fita?

    Iska na shiga cikin huhu a sauƙaƙe ta cigaba da tafiya zuwa bututun numfashi. Bututun ya rabu zuwa matakai biyu. Akwai matakin isarwa da kuma matakin karba da bayarwa na sinadaran iska. Matakin isarwa ya kasu kashi 16. Matakin karɓa da bayarwa ya kasu kashi 7

    Mene ne fa’idar sashen numfashi?

    1.Samar da iskar oksijin zuwa cikin jiki, yayin da ake buƙata. 

    2.Fitarda iskar kabon dai okzaid (CO2)

    Daga jiki zuwa wajen duniya. 

    3.Sassaita Ph wato adadin asid na jiki. 

    4.Sassaita dumin jiki. 

    5.Samarda sinadarin Sofaktant (Surfactant). 

    6.Ba da kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta. 

    Mene Numfashi.

    Shi ake kira da ventilation a Ingilishi. Wato shiga da fitar iska a jiki.

    Yana dakyau ka/ki karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na hudu: Autonomous nervous system (Sashin Bada Umarni Da Amsa Saƙo)

    Ƙarfin talewar huhu( Elastic properties):

    Akwai ɓangarori a ckin hunhu da suke ɗauke da kayan ba wa huhu damar talewa. Ana kiransu da Elastic fibers. Sannan akwai surfactant wanda amfanin shi ya ba wa iska damar ratsa wannan buhun numfashin. Kuma ana samar da surfactant ne yayin da  ya cika sati 32 a cikin mahaifiya. Shi yasa bakwaini yawanci suke zuwa da matsalar numfashi, saboda babu sinadarin surfactant da zai sauƙaƙe shiga da fitar iska.

    Haɗin kai na huhu (Lung Compliance):

    Shi ne haɗin kan da huhu ke bayarwa yayin da iska ta shiga ta hanyar talewa da tsukewa.

    Karɓa da bayarwa na iska tsakanin buhun numfashi da jijiyoyin dake zagaye da shi. Da kuma tsakanin ƙwayar halitta (Cell) da kuma jijiyoyin da suke bakinsa: 

    Jini mai ɗauke da iskar oksijin (oxygen) yana dira zuwa buhun numfashi(alveoli) domin ya bawa jijiyoyinda suke zagaye da shi. Shi kuma jini na ɗauke da Sinadarin hemoglobin da mukai bayani a baya, wanda ke da ɗakuna da suke ɗauke da wannan iskar domin tafiya a kai su zuwa ka ƙwayoyin haluttu. Hakan na faruwa ne saboda ƙarfin haɗuwa, homoglobin da oksijin ya fi ƙarfi a bakin buhun numfashi sannan ƙarfin na raguwa ne yayin da hemoglobin ya isa bakin ƙwayar halitta, inda zai buɗe domin ba wa ƙwayar halitta oksijin (oxygen) ya kuma karɓi iskar kabon dai okzaid( carbon dioxide) domin ƙarfin haɗuwarsu ya fi ƙarfi a bakin ƙwayar halitta, sannan ya fi rauni a bakin buhun numfashi, ta haka ne iska ke yawa a cikin jiki.

    Domin karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam Danna nan

    Masaitin numfashi

    Sashin ƙwaƙwalwa na cerebral cortex shike kula da numfashin da muke da iko a kai. 

    Sashin ƙwaƙwalwa na respiratory center wanda ke ɗauke da Medulla oblongata da pons suke kula da numfashi wands ba mu da iko a kai.

    Mene ne Hypoxia da cyanosis.

    Hypoxia: Asalin kalmar ta zo ne daga kalmomi guda biyu. Hypo yana nufin ƙaranci. Oxia yana nufin oxygen. Saboda haka, ma’anarsa shi ne ƙarancin sinadarin iskar oksojin (oxygen) a cikin jiki wanda kan iya ba wa ciki matsaloli da dama.

    Cyanosis: Alama ce dake nuna cewa babu isasshen sinadarin iskar oksijin a jini. Alamar kuwa ita ce, mutum zai zama shuɗi a kamanni. 

    Domin karanta Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Shida: Hematology (Jini da Abun da ya Ƙunsa) Danna nan

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Shida: Hematology (Jini da Abun da ya Ƙunsa)

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Shida: Hematology (Jini da Abun da ya Ƙunsa)

    Jini wani nau’i ne na tissue wanda ake kira da connective tissue wato sashe mai sadarwa. Ma’ana yana haɗa gaɓoɓi daban-daban na jiki da juna.

    Kamar ko wani irin sashe mai sadarwa, jini ma yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halittu da kuma wasu abubuwa a zagaye ko a tare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittu, wadda kowace ƙwayar halitta na da aikinta 

    Kwayoyin halittun sun haɗa da:

    Red blood cell: wato ƙwayar haliita mai launin ja, wadda ke ɗauke da jini mai sinadarin oksijin (oxygen) wato iska kan isar da su daga inda aka dauko su zuwa ga inda za a kai su haka a ɗauko ko iskar da ba a buƙata akai shi inda za a fitar da shi. 

    White blood cells: Wato ƙwayar halitta ta jini mai launin fari wadda sun ƙunshi sojojin da suke yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cututtuka a cikin jikinmu. 

    Platelets: Wato ƙwayoyin halluttun dake samar da jini a lokacin da aka samu zubar jini. 

    Sauran abubuwan da jini ya ƙunsa su ake kira da Plasma, za ka iya cewa ruwan da jinin ya ƙunsa. Za a iya raba waɗannan ƙwayoyin halittun daga jikin plasma ta hanyar kaɗi wato centrifuge ta hanyar amfani da na’urar centrifuge machine wadda ke girgiza jinin da aka zuba a cikin kwalba domin rarraba waɗannan ƙwayoyin hallittu na jini da juna. 

    Yana dakyau ka/ki karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na hudu: Autonomous nervous system (Sashin Bada Umarni Da Amsa Saƙo)

    Mene ne PCV ()
    • Shi ne kaso na ƙwayoyin halittun dake cikin jini.
    • Normal shi ne kashi 40 zuwa hamsin a maza,
    • Kaso 37 zuwa 45 a mata, ƙasa da haka shi ake kira da ANEMIYA (anaemia) wato ƙarancin jini a jiki, sama da haka kuma POLISAITEMIYA (Ploycythemia) wato jini yi yawa kenan.
    • Red blood cell ya fi yawa domin ya ƙunshi sama da kashi 90.
    Shin mene ne amfanin Jini a Jikin Mutum
    1. Isar da iska da kuma sarrafaffen abinci zuwa inda ake buƙata.
    2. Daidaita zubar jini ta hanyar amfani da platelates wajen hana zubar jini.
    3. Hana daskarewar jini ta hanyar amfani da sinadaran tsinka jini wato.
    4. Garkuwar jiki ta hanyar amfani da WBC
    5. daidaita kaurin jini da hanyar amfani da ECF wato ruwan dake wajen ƙwayoyin halittu, ma’ana wanda ke cikin hanyoyin jini.
    Ta yaya jini ke haɗuwa? 

    Kafin haihuwa ana haɗa jini ne a Yolk Sac, a wata ukun farko wato wani abu kamar leda wanda ya zagaye jariri. 

    Saifa da Hanta a wata ukun tsakiya, ɓargo wato  Bone marrow a watanni ukun ƙarshe. 

    Abubuwa da ake buƙata domin sarrafa ko haɗa jini,  rashin waɗannan abubuwan yakan jawo matsala a haɗuwar jini, ma’ana za a ga matsala a inda ya kamata su yi aiki. 

    • Amino acid
    • Iron
    • Bitamin B12
    • Bitamin C
    • Bitamin E
    • Copper

    Buƙatuwar waɗannan abubuwan na ƙaruwa a wasu yanayi wanda jiki ke buƙatar jini da yawa. Misali mace mai ciki ko mai shayarwa da kuma yaro a shekara ta farko a rayuwarsa. 

    Misali VitB12 shi kesa girman ƙwayar halitta ta jini, ya zo a daidai, idan muka rasa shi, hakan zai sa girman ya ƙaru. 

    Mene ne HEMOGLOBIN (Hg)

    Wani abu ne wanda RBC ya ƙunsa, wanda shi kesa shi ya zama ja. Ya ƙunshi wasu ɗakuna wanda suke adana sinadaran iska, domin kai komo a cikin jini 

    Akwai nau’ikansa iri-iri

    1. Akwai Hg F wanda shi ne na jarirai zuwa shekara A na manya kenan.
    2. Akwai HbA1C wato wanda ke ɗauke da sugar wanda, da shi ake amfani wajen gano illar da suga ya yi yawa jiki.
    3. Akwai Hb wanda suke da matsala wato na cuta kenan kamar Hg S wato na masu sikila kenan.

    Ana ragargaje jini ne duk bayan kwana 120, sannan hakan na faruwa ne a cikin Saifa wato spleen. 

    Idan an ragargaje shi, ana amfani da wani ɓirɓishin wajen haɗa wani jinin. Sauran ɓirɓishin kuma a haɗa BAYIL (wato) madaɗiya kenan, wadda ita ke taimakawa wajen narkar da kitsen da muka ci ta kuma ba wa bayimu ko fitsari nau’in ruwan ɗorawa. 

    Domin karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam Danna nan

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Biyar: Temperature and Metabolic Rate (Ɗumi Ko Yanayi Na Jiki)

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Biyar: Temperature and Metabolic Rate (Ɗumi Ko Yanayi Na Jiki)

    Ɗumin cikin jiki shi ake kira da core body temperature wato ɗumin tsakiyar jiki, ya yi daidai da 37 degree bisa ma’aunin Celsius (salshiyos). 

    Ɗumin jikin fata na sauyawa ne saboda zafin dake waje ko sanyin dake waje. 

    Kitse dake ƙarƙashin fatarmu na aiki a matsayin insulator wato abinda ke rage fitar zafi daga jiki. 

    Yana adana core temperature, wato ɗumin cikin jiki kuma ya kare jiki daga sauyin yanayin wajen duniya, wato idan ana zafi ko sanyi. 

    Idan ɗumin jiki ya ƙaru, jijiyoyi masu ɗauke da jini waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin fata na bubbuɗewa, hakan yana sa zafi ya fita ta hanyar gumi. 

    Yana dakyau ka/ki karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na hudu: Autonomous nervous system (Sashin Bada Umarni Da Amsa Saƙo)

    Abubuwan dake sauya ɗumin jiki. 

    Sassaita ɗumin jiki na ɗaya daga cikin aikin homeostasis wato masaitin jiki. Idan ɗumin jiki ya gaza saituwa abubuwa da dama kan rikice kamar:

    • Aikin enzymes wato sinadaran dake ragargaje wasu sinadaran idan aikinsu ya ƙare.
    • Metabolic reaction, wato duk wata kimiyya dake faruwa a cikin jiki.
    • Nervous system wato sashen kai da komo na saƙo mai nauyin lantarki daga ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa jiki.
    • Sashen zuciya da jijiyoyi.
    • Sashen numfashi.
    Temperature Regulatory Center

    Cibiyar sassaita ɗumin jiki na ƙwaƙwalwa: Akwai wani ɓangare a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa wanda ake kira da Hypothalamus a cikinsa ne ake da sashen sassaita zafi na jiki, wato idan ana buƙatar jiki ya ɗau ɗumi ko ya sanyaya wannan ɓangare shi ke so ma wannan aikin. 

    Taya jikinmu ke rasa ɗumi? 
    1. Conduction idan jiki ya haɗu da wani jikin, ma’ana jikin da ya fi zafi zai ba wa jikin da bai kai shi zafi ba, har sai sun daidaita.
    2. Convection.
    3. Evaporation wato fitar gumi.
    Taya jikinmu ke kara ɗumi? 
    1. Metabolism wato kimiyyar sarrafa abin da muka ci. 
    2. Motsi. 
    3. Cin abinci. 
    4. Yanayi na haɗuwa da wani jikin zafin gari ko zafin abinda ke kusa. 
    Amshin da jiki ke yi a yanayin zafi
    1. Gumi
    2. Bubbuɗewar hanyoyin jini
    3. Daɗin numfashi
    Amshin da jiki a yanayin sanyi
    1. Rashin gumi
    2. Tsukewar hanyoyin jini.
    3. Raguwar numfashi.
    Bambancin ɗumin jiki a mutane daban-daban. 

    Shekaru:

    • Jarirai sun fi yara.
    • Yara sun fi manya

    A jarirai ya fi yawa, sabo da gaɓoɓi sun fara girma, sabo da haka aikin cikin jiki na ƙaruwa. 

    Jinsi:

    • Maza sun fi mata, sabo da mata na da kitse kuma kitse insulator ne.
    • A lokacin da mace keda ciki, sinadarin progesterone na ƙara ɗumin jiki.
    • Da kuma ƙarin buƙatar sarrafa abincin da uwa ta samu, ɗa ya samu, na sa ɗumin jiki ya ƙaru
    • Shayarwa na sa ɗumin jiki ya ƙaru, Sabo da motsin sashen cikin mama domin haɗa ruwan mama da fitowarsa

    Domin karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam Danna nan

    Circadian fluctuation

    Wato sauyin yanayi daga safiya zuwa yamma. Da rana jiki ɗumi akan safiya, saboda zafin gari ko yanayin aiki, saboda ayyuka na motsi sun yi yawa da rana.

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Hudu: Autonomous nervous system (Sashin Bada Umarni Da Amsa Saƙo)

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Hudu: Autonomous nervous system (Sashin Bada Umarni Da Amsa Saƙo)

    Ire-iren Nervous system wato sashin bada umarni da amsa saƙo mai amfani da lantarki ya kasu kashi 2:

    Somatic nervous system Wato sashen bada umarni na sa-kai: Yana sarrafa gaɓoɓi wanda muke iya motsawa da kanmu.

    Misali tsokokin dake jikin ƙashi wanda ke ba mu damar tafiya da motsawa…

    Autonomic nervous system 

    Yana sarrafa gaɓoɓin wanda ba mu da iko a kansu . Misali tsokar dake zuciya da kuma tsokokin cikin hanji.

    Rabe-raben Autonomic Nervous system

    Ya kasu kashi 2:

    yana dakyau ku karanta Ilimin Fisiyoloji (Physiology ) Cikin Harshen Hausa Kashi na Farko Masaitin jiki (Homeostasis)

    Kashin Sympathetic: Wato nau’in da ke aiki a lokacin firgici ko wasanni na motsa jiki, misali gudu.

    Parasympathetic: Nau’in dake aiki a lokacin hutu ko barci

    Bambancin dake tsakaninsu
    • Motsi ko tsoro na zaburar da Sympathetic
    • Barci ko hutu na zaburar da parasympathetic.

    Ana fitar da Sinadarai na bayar da ƙarfin jiki a yayin da mutum ya yi niyyar fada ko gudu, wanda ake cewa fight or flight. 

    Catabolism wato sarrafa abincin da aka ajiye na cho domin ba wa jiki ƙarfi. Ana kuma killace sinadairai masu ba wa jiki ƙarfi a lokacin buƙatar hutu. Wato Anabolism.

    Shin kun karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam Shiga nan domin karantawa 

    Sympathetic na aiki a dukkan gaɓoɓi da sashe na jiki. 

    Parasympathetic na aiki a waje ɗaya inda ake so ya yi aiki. 

    Neurotransmitter (tsaka-tsakiyar isar saƙo)

    Wasu sinadarai ne masu zaburar da  neuron, wato ɗan aiken umarnin kwakwalwa zuwa ga na gaba. 

    Su ne:

    • Achetilecholine da noradrenaline a sympathetic 
    • Achetilcholine a parasympathetic

    Yadda jiki ke sauyawa idan sympathetic da parasympathetic na aiki:

    • Ƙwayar Idanuwa da bubbuɗewa a sympathetic 
    • Ƙwayar idanuwa na tsukewa a parasympathetic 
    • Yawu na samuwa a adadi kadɗan tare da kauri. 
    • Yawu na samuwa a adadi mai yawa kuma a tsinke ba da kauri ba. 
    • Hanyoyin shigar iska na cikin huhu wato bronchioles na bubbuɗewa. 
    • Hanyoyin shigar iska na huhu na tsukewa. 
    • Bugun zuciya na ƙaruwa a sympathetic. 
    • Bugun zuciya na raguwa parasympathetic. 
    • Ƙarfin matsar zuciya domin fidda jini na ƙaruwa a sympathetic. 
    • Amma bai ƙaruwa a parasympathetic,sabo da ba shi da alaƙa da babban ɗakin da ke da jini wato ventricle na zuciya. 
    • Motsin kayan ciki domin sarrafa abinci da na raguwa a sympathetic.
    • Motsin kayan ciki domin sarrafa abinci da na ƙaruwa a parasympathetic.
    • Hanyoyin jini na tsuttsukewa na jiki amma wanda ke ba wa zuciya jini wato coronary artery na bubbuɗewa a sympathetic.
    • Parasympathetic ba su da alaƙa da ƙofofin jini.
    • Sympathetic Na Sa Gumi
    • Parasympathetic Bai da alaƙa da sashen gumi.

    Domin karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na uku: Excitable Tissues (Sassan motsi na jiki) Danna nan

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Uku: Excitable Tissues (Sassan motsi na jiki)

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Uku: Excitable Tissues (Sassan motsi na jiki)

    Nerves da tsoka su ne gaɓoɓin motsi, domin su suke dauke da signal mai nau’in lantarki wadda ake cewa action potential.

    Resting Membrane potential Shi ne bambancin saƙon lantarki dake tsakanin ciki da wajen ƙwayoyin halitta a lokacin da ba a motsi. A yayin da ciki yake da  fiye da waje.

    Abubuwan dake jawo resting membrane potential
    a.Fitowar potasiun wajen k h

    b.Shige da fitar sinadaran Na da K

    Action Potential Yana aukuwa ne a gaɓoɓin motsi kawai wato nerves da tsoka.

    Shi ne sauyin da ke aukuwa a bakin ƙwayar halitta domin yin motsi wato depolarization and repolarization ta hanyar yunƙurin yin aiki, lantarki ko sinadarai.

    Abubuwan da ya ƙunsa

    A.Stimulus artifact: Yana faruwa ne a lokacin da aka zaburarar da wannan gaɓoɓi ma’ana wannan shi ne mafarin A.P

    B.Latent Period: Tsaka-tsakin lokacin da ke zaburar da gaɓoɓi da kuma lokacin da za su fara motsi.

    C.Threshold: Shi ne yanayin da ƙofofin dake ba wa sinadarin sodiyom damar shiga ke buɗewa. Idan ba a cika wannan threshold ɗin ba AP ba zai auku ba.

    Domin karanta Ilimin Fisiyoloji (Physiology ) Cikin Harshen Hausa Kashi na Farko Masaitin jiki (Homeostasis) Shiga nan

    Depolarization 

    Shi ne yanayin da sodiyom ya shiga cikin ƙwayar halitta, yunƙurin zai tafi a daidai har sai sinadarin potashiyom ya fara fita. Saboda haka idan ƙofar ta rufe, ba ta ƙara buɗewa har sai AP ya dawo farko domin a sake maimaitawa.

    Repolarization

    Saboda fitar sinadarin potashiyom. Ƙofar da sinadarin potashiyom ke fita tana buɗewa ne bayan ta sinadarin sofiyom ta buɗe, ma’ana ƙofar sinadarin sodiyom ta fi saurin buɗewa. Haka zalika, ƙofar fitar potashiyom ita ce ke rufewa, a ƙarshe bayan ta sinadarin sodiyom ta rufe.

    Tsarin AP

    All or none law

    -Indai zaburar da gaɓoɓin motsi bai kai threshold ba, ba za a samu AP ba. Ma’ana kafin gaɓoɓi su motsa sai sinadarin sodiyom ya shiga yadda ya kamata ko kuma ba abinda zai faru.

    -Refractory period 

    Dawowar jiki yadda yake kafin ya motsa: A wannan yanayin ne ƙofofin dake ba wa sinadarin sodiyom damar shiga ke rufewa ko ke daina aiki.

    Conduction wato isarwa: Saƙon AP na zuwa ga inda ake so ya je ta hanyar lantarkin jiki wato neurons

    Conduction: wato isar da saƙo ba ya canja saƙo a kan hanya. 

    Nerve wato ɗan aike na lantarki a jiki, yana baje burjuk a cikin CNS ƙwaƙwalwa da laka. Wanda a cikinsu sun ƙunshi ƙwayar halittarsu wanda ake kira da neurons.

    Ya ƙushi gaɓoɓi guda uku: Kai da jiki da kuma jelat.

    Yayin da kai yake ɗauke da dendrites da cell body wato inda ke sarrafa saƙo. Jiki kuma myelin sheath. Jelat kuma yayin da saƙo na shiga ne ta kan bi ta jikin, ya kuma fita ta jelat, wato ya miƙa zuwa ga neuron.

    Synaptic junction 

    Shi ne mahaɗar Neurons guda biyu.

    Yana ba da damar saƙo ya ci gaba da tafiya daga wannan neuron zuwa wancan. Wannan shi ake kira da Chemical transmission wato neuron na gaba na zabura ne ta hanyar amfani da wasu sinadarai da neuron na farko ke saki, sai na biyu ya ɗauka, sai ya zabura.

    Ɗabi’un Synaptic junction

    Transmission is uni-directional wato isar da saƙo na tafiya ne a hanya ɗaya, ma’ana daga presynaptic zuwa post synaptic neuron.

    Synaptic delay. Adadin lokacin isar da sinadarin da zai zaburar da neuron na gaba ba ya wuce 0.5ms

    Synaptic fatigue: Idan sinadarai suka shiga da yawa, ma’ana ɗaya na bin ɗaya, hakan zai sa ya gaji, a kasa isar da wannan saƙon.

    Neuromuscular junction:

    Mahaɗar neuron ne na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi neuron da tsoka. Saƙo na wanzuwa a wannan kamar yadda saƙo ke gudana ta hanyar yin amfani da sinadari. Sai dai a wannan lokacin tsoka na amfani da sinadarin Acetylcholine domin karɓar saƙo.

    Ire-iren tsoka a jiki iri uku ce:
    • Skeletal wato wadda ke tare da ƙashi.
    • Cardiac wato wadda ke zuciya.
    • Smoth.

    Sannan yana da matukar muhimmanci ku karanta Physiology da Hausa kashi na biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam

  • Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam

    Physiology da Hausa Kashi na Biyu: Body Fluids (Ruwan Jiki) Ruwan dake jikin ɗan Adam

     

    Daukacin Abubuwan dake jikin ɗan Adam namiji wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilo 70

    Ruwa: Kashi 60

    Kitse: Kashi 18

    Sinadarai: kashi 7

    -CHO: ƙasa da kashi 1

    -Ganin yadda ruwa yake da kaso mafi yawa a jiki, hakan yasa ruwa ya kasance mafi amfanin a jikin ɗan Adam. Idan aka rasa da yawa daga cikin ruwan jiki, rayuwa za tai wahala a cikin yan kwanaki masu zuwa, saɓanin idan an rasa cin abinci, mutum yakan iya rayuwa har tsawan wata ɗaya.

     Rabe raben kaso na ruwa a mutane daban-daban

    Adadin ruwan jikinmu na da alaƙa da shekaru da jinsi da kuma girman jiki.

     Shekaru: Ruwan jikinmu na raguwa yayin da muke ƙara shekaru, ma’ana yara sun fi manya yawan ruwa a jiki.

    Jinsi: Maza sun fi mata yawan ruwa a jiki saboda yawancin mata na da kitse fiye da maza.

    Girman jiki: Sirara sun fi masu ƙiba yawan ruwa a jiki, saboda yawan kitse da masu ƙiba ke da shi.

    Abin da ruwan jiki ya ƙunsa

    Kamar yadda muka bayyana a baya cewa, ƙwayoyin halittu na ɗauke da ruwa a cikin su, haka zalika a zagaye suke da ruwa.

    Muka ce kuma ruwan jiki ya rabu kashi biyu;

    Ruwan dake ciki da kuma wajen ƙwayar halitta.
    • A inda ruwan dake cikin ƙwayar halitta ya ƙunshi kashi 2 cikin 3 na ruwan jiki gaba ɗaya, ko kashi 40 cikin ɗari na nauyin jiki baki ɗaya.
    • Ruwan dake wajen ƙwayar halitta.

    A inda ruwan dake wajen ƙwayar halitta ya ƙunshi kashi 1 cikin 3 na ruwan jiki gaba ɗaya, ko kashi 20 na nauyin jiki. 

    Ruwan dake wajen jiki ya rabu kashi 3
    • Ruwan dake cikin jijiyoyi kaso 25 cikin 100.
    • Ruwan dake tsakanin jijiya da ƙwayar halitta kaso 75 cikin 100.
    Abubuwan dake sauya yanayin ruwan jiki
    • Osmosis wato adadin gishiri dake jiki.
    • Sodium potasium pump, wato shiga da fitar sinadarai na sodiyom da potashiyom a kowace ƙwayar halitta,

    Ƙarin bayani duk inda sinadarin sodiyom ya je ruwa na biye da shi.

    Saitin adadin ruwan jiki
    • Adadin ruwan jikinmu na da alaƙa da adadin ruwan da muke sha a rana.
    • Adadin ruwan da muke sha na da alaƙa da buƙatuwarmu ga ruwa, wato shan ruwa
    • Adadin ruwan dake jikinmu na da alaƙa da rashin ruwa a cikin jiki, sanadiyyar wata cuta, misali gudawa ko amai(haraswa).

    Yana dakyau ku karanta na farko wato Ilimin Fisiyoloji (Physiology ) Cikin Harshen Hausa Kashi na Farko Masaitin jiki (Homeostasis)