Harara Garke (STRABISMUS)

A likitance ana kiran harara garke “strabismus”. A turance kuma yana da sunaye da yawa kamar “cross-eye” ko “boss-eye” ko “squint-eye” ko “cock-eye” ko “lazy-eye”. Harara garke yanayi ne da ke sanya idanun mutum su kasa daidaituwa (misalignment) idan yana kallon wani abu. WatO za a ga kamar ba abin yake kallo ba, alhali kuma shi yake kallo. Ana iya haihuwar mutum da harara garke, ko kuma ya same shi lokacin yarintarsa, ko bayan ya girma. Matsalar lalacewar tsokokin ido ita ce babbar abinda ke kawo shi.

TSOKOKIN DA SUKE SARRAFA MOTSIN IDANU (MUSCLES THAT CONTROL EYES MOVEMENT)

Akwai tsokokin da suke sarrafa motsin idanun mutum. Ana kiransu “ocular eye muscles”, kuma guda 6 ne kamar haka:

1. Tsokar da take riƙe ƙwayar ido daga sama (superior rectus muscle): Babban aikinta shi ne juya ƙwayar ido sama idan buƙatar hakan ta taso. Sa’annan tana taimakawa ƙwayar ido juyawa gefen hanci. Idan tsokar tana da matsala, to, ƙwayar idon ba za ta iya juyawa ta kalli sama ba. Hakan zai sa idan mutum yana buƙatar juya idanunsa sama, sai ƙwayar idon mai lafiya ta juya sama, amma mai matsalar ta kasa juyawa.

2. Tsokar da take riƙe ƙwayar ido daga ƙasa (imperior rectus muscle): Babban aikinta shi ne juya ƙwayar ido ƙasa idan buƙatar hakan ta taso. Sa’annan tana taimakawa ƙwayar ido juyawa gefen kumatu. Idan tsokar tana da matsala, to, ƙwayar idon ba za ta iya juyawa ta kalli ƙasa ba. Hakan zai sa idan mutum yana buƙatar juya idanunsa ƙasa, sai ƙwayar idon mai lafiya ta juya ƙasa, amma mai matsalar ta kasa juyawa.

3. Tsokar da take riƙe ƙwayar ido daga gefen hanci (medial rectus muscle): Aikin wannan tsokar shi ne juya ƙwayar ido ta kalli gefen hanci idan buƙatar hakan ta taso. Idan tsokar tana da matsala, to, ƙwayar idon ba za ta iya juyawa ba. Hakan zai sa idan mutum yana buƙatar juya idanunsa gefen hanci, sai ƙwayar idon mai lafiya ta juya, amma mai matsalar ta kasa juyawa.

4. Tsokar da take riƙe ƙwayar ido daga gefen kumatu (lateral rectus muscle): Aikin wannan tsokar shi ne juya ƙwayar ido gefen kumatu idan buƙatar hakan ta taso. Idan tsokar tana da matsala, to, ƙwayar idon ba za ta iya juyawa ba. Hakan zai sa idan mutum yana buƙatar juya idanunsa gefen kumatu, sai ƙwayar idon mai lafiya ta juya, amma mai matsalar ta kasa juyawa.

5. Tsokar da take riƙe ƙwayar ido daga saman ƙwayar idon (superior oblique muscle): A saman ƙwayar ido take kuma ta gangara har can cikin ƙwayar idon. Babban aikinta shi ne juya ƙwayar ido ta kalli gefen hanci da kuma gefen kumatu. Idan tsokar tana da matsala, to, ƙwayar idon ba za ta iya juyawa gefen hancin ko gefen kumatun ba. Hakan zai sa idanunsa tsayawa kyam babu juyawa dama ko hagu.

6. Tsokar da take riƙe ƙwayar ido daga ƙasan ƙwayar idon (imperior oblique muscle): A ƙasan ƙwayar ido take kuma ta yi sama har can cikin ƙwayar idon. Babban aikinta shi ne juya ƙwayar ido ta kalli gefen kunci. Idan tsokar tana da matsala, to, ƙwayar idon ba za ta iya juyawa ba.

RABE-RABEN HARARA GARKE (TYPES OF STRABISMUS)

Bisa la’akari da tsokokin da suke sarrafa motsin idanu, da kuma illar rashin yin aikinsu idan suna da matsala, harara garke ya rabu gida 4 kamar haka:

1. Harara garke wanda idanu suke kallon gefen hanci (esotropia).

2. Harara garke wanda idanu suke kallon gefen kunci (exotropia).

3. Harara garke wanda idanu suke kallon sama (hypertropia).

4. Harara garke wanda idanu suke kallon ƙasa (hypotropia).

NAU’IN HARARA GARKE (TYPES OF STRABISMUS)

Nau’in harara garke waɗanda suka fi shahara guda 2 ne:

1. Harara garke mai faruwa a lokacin da mutum yake ƙoƙarin kallon abinda ke kusa da shi (accommodative strabismus): Irin wannan harara garken ba a ganin mutum da shi sai idan yana kallon abinda ke kusa. Ma’ana, idan yana kallon nesa, to, ba za a ga harara garken ba. Amma idan yana kallon kusa, sai idonsa ɗaya ko duka biyun su kalli gefen hancinsa. Hakan yana faruwa ne saboda baya iya ganin abinda ke kusa sosai, har sai idon ya karkata gefen hancinsa. Ƙoƙarin daidaita idon ya kalli abinda ke kusa, shi ne “accommodative” ɗin. Wannan ya fi kama mutum a lokacin yarinta, kuma akan yi maganinsa ne ta hanyar amfani da tabarau na likita.

2. Harara garke mai faruwa lokaci-lokaci (intermittent strabismus): Wannan shi ne wanda ido guda ɗaya yake kallon abinda ake buƙata, amma ɗayan yana kallon gefen kunci. Mutum mai wannan nau’in harara garken yakan yi fama da gani biyu-biyu, wahalar ganin rubutu, da zazzare idanu wajen kallon nesa. Yana iya kama mutum a kowane lokaci na rayuwarsa, kuma akan magance shi ta hanyar amfani da tabarau na likita.

ABUBUWAN DA SUKE HADDASA HARARA GARKE (CAUSES OF STRABISMUS)

Babban abinda yake haddasa harara garke shi ne lalacewar tsokoki masu sarrafa motsin ƙwayar ido, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata. Bayan shi, akwai wasu dalilai kamar haka:

1. Gado (inheritance) daga wani a cikin zuriyya.

2. Rashin ƙarfin gani (poor eye vision) saboda cututtukan ido.

3. Ciwon laka na sahuhanci (down syndrome).

4. Ciwon laka na rashin ƙarfin jiki (cerebral palsy).

5. Cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa (brain diseases).

6. Shanyewar tsagin jiki (stroke) saboda hawan jini.

7. Cututtukan laka (neurological disorders).

8. Rashin daidaiton sinadarin thyroid (grave disease).

LOKACIN DA AKE GANE HARARA GARKE (STAGE OF STRABISMUS DETECTION)

Idanun jariri sabuwar haihuwa za a gansu kamar harara garke. Hakan yana faruwa ne saboda jijiyoyi da tsokokin idonsa ba su girma ba. Idan ya kai wata 3 zuwa 4, to za su gyaru kuma zai iya kallo kai-tsaye. A cikin watanni 6 zuwa shekara 1 zai ƙware sosai wajen kallo. Idan iyaye suka ga idanunsa ba su tsaya sosai ba wajen kallo, to, sai su tafi da shi asibiti domin a duba shi. Na faɗa da farko cewa harara garke zai iya kama mutum a shekarun yarinta kamar daga shekara 3 zuwa goma. Wani kuma sai ya balaga.

MAGANCE HARARA GARKE (TREATMENT OF STRABISMUS)

Magance harara garke ya danganta da tsananinsa da kuma abinda ya haddasa shi. Don haka, hanyoyin magance shi sun haɗa da:

1. Amfani da tabarau mai ƙara girman abubuwa wanda likita ya bayar.

2. Allurai, ƙwayyoyi, da magungunan ɗigawa wanda likita ya bayar.

3. Aikin tiyata na tsokar ido mai matsala.

4. Atisayen daidaita ganin ido wanda likita ya koyar.

Rashin magance harara garke zai haifar da rashin gani da kyau, ciwon kai, zazzare idanu, gani biyu-biyu, da rashin ƙwarin gwiwar hulɗa da mutane.Allah ka kare mu da lafiya, amin.

Don karanta Ƙaiƙayi Mai Kamar Tafiyar Kiyashi A Jikin Mutum danna nan

Edita@rumasau-kallamu