Sararin yanar gizo muhalli ne da ya bai wa kowa damar yaɗa manufa, ra’ayi, al’ada, addini da ɗanɗano na rayuwa, Mu’amala da fasahar Intanet na ci gaba da yawaita sanadiyyar kasancewar ta kamar jakar magori, duk abin da kake nema na alkhairi ko akasi za ka samu, iya sanayyarka da halin da ake ciki iya wayewarka.
Shehun nan shafukan sada zumunta sun zama kamar guguwa mai ƙunshe da iska mai ƙarfi, wacce ke tunɓuke duk wanda ya fuskance ta, babu wata manufa kyakkyawa tabbatacciya a tare da shi. Domin asalin wannan sabuwar duniyar sadarwa ta Intanet wadda Allah Jalla Wa Alaa mahaliccin kowa da komai ya kawo mana ita, ci gaba ce da nasara ga wasu, ci baya da asara ga wasu.
Wannan ƙasida za ta himmatu wajen nazari a kan tasirin shafukan sada zumunta ga masu ta’amuli da su musamman mata da matasa, ta fuskar amfanuwa ko ƙara kunna gobarar tarbiyya da tabewa da take balbala a wannan zamani. Na kasa maƙalar kashi Biyar; Gabatarwa, shimfida a kan Intanet; ƙarƙashinta akwai ma’anar Intanet, asali da samuwar Intanet, shimfiɗa a kan shafukan sada zumunta, ƙarƙashinta akwai ma’ana, tarihi, samuwa, rabe-rabe, alƙaluma da dalilan bunƙasar shafukan sada zumunta, sannan an tattauna a kan amfani, haɗurra da matakan magance su, sai kuma rufewa.
Allah Jalla wa alaa ya datar da mu dukkan alkhairan wannan sabuwar duniya, ya kuma tsare mu daga sharrukan da suke cikinta, Allah ya amfane mu da Musulunci ya amfani Musulunci da mu.
MA’ANAR INTANET
Kalmar Internet kalmomi biyu ne suka haɗu wajen ginuwar ta wato International da Network, wadda a Hausa muke cewa yanar gizo ko Giza-gizan sadarwa. A Maƙalarsa “The Internet as Mass Medium” Farfesa Merril Morris ya ce: “Intanet na nufin haɗe-haɗen da ke tsakanin kwamfutoci dake ba su damar miƙa saƙwanni ko karɓa”.
ASALI DA SAMUWAR INTANET.
Wannan tsarin kirkira na fasahar Intanet ta samo asali ne 1964 kasar Amurka ta samar da tunanin tsarin Advanced research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) da NODES domin tanadi da kariya bayan yakin duniya na II. Sai kuma zangon farko a farkon shekarar 1969CE a University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), da yan kwamfutoci da basu shige dari ba,
amma a halin yanzu akwai wajen mutane Biliyan 4.5 da suke ta’amuli da wannan fasaha mafi girma ta karni na Ashirin da daya(21st Century).
Gidan Intanet ya na da kofar shiga wato www. Wadda ka’ida ce da Farfesa Tim Bernes-Lee (Baban Intanet) ya kirkira a shekarar 1991 da Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), da zarar ka shiga farfajiyar gidan akwai biliyoyin dakuna wanda kowa da irin wainar da yake toyawa a irin nasa dakin
Fasahar Intanet ta na da muhimman bangarori daga cikinsu akwai fasahar imel (E-Mail), shafukan yanar gizo(Web), shafukan sada zumunta (Social Networking Sites), wasanni da shakatawa a yanar gizo (online gaming) da kuma Software Update.
Marubucin shahararriyar mujallar The Future Organization Farfesa Jacob Morgan ya bada ma’anar IoT (Internet of things) da cewa:
“Tsari ne na auratayya tsakanin shafukan sada zumunta da kayayyakin gida, abubuwa marassa rai ko dabbobi ta yadda zasu iya sarrafa kan su ta hanyar UIDs (Unique Identifiers)”
Fasahar IoT a shekarar 2012 ta na kunshe da na’urori mabanbanta kimanin Biliyan 8.7, amma daga watan Yuli, 2019 wancan adadi ya hauhawa zuwa Biliyan 26.66. Manazarta alkaluma sun tabbatar da cewa zuwa 2025 za’a samu na’urori a kan IoT kimanin Biliyan 75.447. Tirkashi!, akwai abin lura game da wannan alkaluman da hasashen.
MA’ANAR SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
A mahangar kimiyyar sadarwa na zamani, idan aka ce Social Network ana nufin dandalin shakatawa da yin abota.
Amma Farfesa Kerric Harvey ya bada gamammen ta’arifi ya ce “Kalmar Social Media(SM), Social Networking Sites (SNSs), Social Media Websites (SMWs) na nufin wasu shafuka ko manhajoji da ake amfani dasu a yanar gizo domin sadarwa tsakanin mutane da musayar ra’ayoyi ta hanyar sauti(voice notes), hotuna daskararru (still images) da masu motsi (videos) ko rariyar likau (hypertext links).
TARIHI DA SAMUWAR SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
Tun bayan samuwar telegraph (1792), telephone (1876), radio (1891), a karni na 20 bayan samuwa da yaduwar Manyan Kwamfutoci (super computers) 1940s masana kimiyyar na’ura mai aiki da kwakwalwa suka himmatu wajen fadada nazari da bincike da habaka wannan fasaha wadda har ta kai ga rikida da haihuwar fasahar Intanet a shekarar 1969. Bayan sadarwa ta Imel 1971.An fara farkon hirar gani-gaka ta Internet Relay Charts (IRC) ne a shekarar 1988.
Haka dai wannan siffa ta ci gaba da yaduwa tare da canza akalar sadarwa.
Shafin sada zumunta na farko9 a tarihi shi ne Six Degrees wanda aka fara amfani da shi a watan (Mayu 1997), wannan shafi ya na baiwa masu ta’amuli dasu damar dora bayanan rayuwarsu, matakan karatu da sunayen abokansu (Profiles) da kuma yin abota da wasu mutanen ta wannan shafi.
Daga nan sai Open diary (Oct, 1998), LiveJournal (April, 1999), Ryze (Oct.2001), Friendstar (March, 2002). Daga nan aka kirkiri blogging. Shafuka irin su MySpace (Aug, 2003), LinkedIn (May, 2003), hi5 (June, 2003) da Orkut (Jan,2004) sun samu shahara da karbuwa a wannan lokaci.
A farkon karni na 21, Photobucket (May, 2003) ya bayyana da Flicker (Feb, 2004) wadanda suke bada damar karba da tura sakonnin hotuna, akwai tashar yada hotuna masu motsi (videos), wato YouTube ya faso a (Feb, 2005). Sai karaminsu babbansu facebook (Feb, 2014) da majalissar dattijai da mahankalta wato Twitter (July, 2005) su biyu sun zama wanzajjun shafukan sada zumunta masu dogon zamani da shahara a sararin yanar gizo.
Daga baya an samu shafuka irin su Tumblr (Feb, 2007), Marigayi Google+ (July, 2011), Spotify (April, 2006), Bebo (March 2005), Foursquare (March, 2009), Pinterest (Jan, 2010), Instagram (Oct, 2010), duk sun fito da irin nasu kebantattun salon na sadarwa, sai kuma dan autansu WhatsApp (Jan, 2009).
A yau wadannan manhajoji da shafuka sun yi yawan da zai alamta mana abubuwa barkatai da zasu iya aukuwa a karnuka masu zuwa.
NAU’IKA DA RABE-RABEN SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
A matakin farko zamu iya kasa shafukan sada zumunta kashi uku ta fuskar damarmakin da suke bayarwa. Akwai wadanda suke tura sakonni da dukkan nau’ikansa (Post-based Social Media) kamar Myspace, facebook da Twitter. Akwai wadanda aka gina su akan karba da tura hotuna (Image-based social media) misalin Instagram, snapchat da tumblr. Akwai kuma wadanda suke kamar gidajen talabijin (Video-based social media) kamar vime, vimeo da youtube.
Akwai kuma masu kebantattun manufofi da aka kirkira domin wasu kebantattun mutane, misali; shafukan da suka kebanci tambayoyi da amsa akan komai Quora, na kwararru (professionals) kamar LinkedIn, daliban kimiyya ScienceStax, karatu da litittafai goodreads, aNobii, librarything, shelfari, wattpad, weRead, akwai wanda ya kebanci ‘yan kasuwa talkbiznow, na ‘yan baiwa masu kwakwalwa (talented) ibibo, akwai kuma shaidanun shafukan da suke na musamman ga masu LGBT11 Sannan akwai wadanda sun kebanta da wasu kasashe kamar wechat ga ‘yan China, Vkontakte (VK) ga ‘yan Russia, Taringa ga ‘yan Latin America da sauransu.
MUHIMMAN KIDIDDIGAR ALKALUMA GAME DA SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
Adadin masu amfani da yanar gizo a duniya sun kai 4, 536, 248, 808 a cikin mutane 7, 716, 223, 209 da suke rayuwa a fadin duniya. A nahiyar Afrika mutane 522, 809, 480 ke cin moriyar fasahar intanet a cikin mazaunanta 1, 320, 038, 716 wato kaso 39.6 % kenan. Daga tsakiyar shekarar 2019 a cikin mazauna Najeriya 200, 963, 599 kimanin miliyan 113.3 ke shawagi a intanet.
A rahoton The Global State of Digital sun rawaito cewa awanni uku da mintuna 17 shi ne matsakaicin lokutan da ‘yan Najeriya suke yi a shafukan sada zumunta.
A tarayyar Najeriya ,manhajar WhatsApp ita ce akan gaba da kaso 85% na masu amfani da shafukan sada zumunta, sai dandalin facebook mai kaso 78% sai Instagram 57% sannan YouTube 53%.
A riwayar rahoton Maryam Mohsin daga cibiyar bincike ta PEW RESEARCH CENTER a cikin shafukan sada zumunta wadanda suka fi yawan mahalarta sune a duniya gaba daya facebook (Biliyan 2.4), WhatsApp (Biliyan 1.6), YouTube (Biliyan 1.9), Instagram (Biliyan 1.6), WeChat (Biliyan 1.1), Tumblr (Miliyan 555), Snapchat (Miliyan 190), Twitter (Miliyan 330), MySpace (Miliyan 15), Pinterest (Miliyan 265), Reddit (Miliyan 542), Telegram (Miliyan 100), Viber (Miliyan 249), Skype (Miliyan 300) sai kuma Marigayi G+ (Miliyan 111).
DALILAN BUNKASAR SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
Samuwa, yaduwa da bunkasar dandalin abota ya na da ban al’ajabi matuka, domin ba matasa kadai ya game ba, har da manya, tsofaffi da kananan yara ba ‘yan birni kadai ya game ba, har ‘yan karkara, kauyuka da rigage kai hatta makiyaya da nakasassu.
Dalilan bunkasa da habakarsa kuwa ba nesa suke ba, zamu takaita akan ambaton wasu sabubba kamar guda biyar
a).Ingantuwar hanyoyin gina manhajar sadarwa tsakanin gidan yanar sadarwa zuwa wani gidan
b).Yawaitar wayoyin hannu
c).Sauri da saukin hanyoyin rijista da kuma sarrafasu
d).Bunkasar hanyoyin kasuwanci da nau’ikansu a giza-gizan sadarwa na Intanet
e). Ingantuwar tsarin sadarwa na Intanet a kasashe masu tasowa
f). Saukin sadarwa, mu’amala, farashi, tattalin kudi, lokaci da kuma
g).Yaduwar nau’ikan auratayya tsakanin kwamfyuta, wayoyin hannu da sauran na’urorin sadarwa (network convergence)
AMFANIN SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
Shafukan sada zumunta kamar takobi ce sai yadda aka sarrafata wajen alkhairi ko akasin haka, kowa da irin manufa da dalilansa na shiga wannan dandali, sannan da irin nau’in abokan huldar da ya zabar ma kansa, matashi zai iya dukkan nau’in karatu da bincike ta wannan shafuka, sanin labarai da rahotanni akan duniyar musulunci ko fannin da yake karanta a jami’a, rubuta nasiha da tunatarwa, isar da sako ko sanarwar gayyatar wa’azi, sada zumunci, hirar ilimi, addini da rayuwa.
Shafukan sada zumunta suna bada cikakkiyar damar ta’amuli da bayanai daban daban game da tsaro, lafiya, auratayya, tattalin arziki, kimiyya da sauransu, ana hada aura auratayya, gayyatar biki, suna ko taro, ingantattun labarai daga amintattun jaridun ciki da waje, ganin yadda addinin musulunci da tafiyar sunnah ke samun nasarori, fahimtar yadda al’amuran yau da kullum suke gudana, yada hajoji da ciniki, samar da nishadi, barkwanci da farin ciki, bincike da neman fatawa agun amintattun malaman musulunci, samun wayewa akan addini da rayuwa, fahimtar siyasa da halin da duniya take ciki, hirar gani-gaka (chat) da shehunnan malamai da Farfesoshi (na addini ko boko).
Akwai malamai da daliban ilimi masu yawa a dandalin abota, akwai kuma majalissu da matasa suka kafa masu amfani da amfanarwa, akwai zaurukan tattaunawa na musamman akwai kuma shafukan gwarazan malamai na duniya da na kasa da suka bude, ko aka bude musu domin amfanuwa da madarar iliminsu sannan akwai na yan siyasa masu manufa don ayi koyi dasu
HADURRAN SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
Kalubalen shafukan sada zumunta basa buya ga dukkan mai ta’amuli dasu, ga duk wanda ya fuskanci inda duniya ta sa gaba zai gamsu cewa; kalubalen ba a kan shafin sada zumuntar bane, akan masu amfani da shafukan sada zumuntar ne. kamar yadda Farfesa Gausu Ahmad yake fada.
Bayan mummunan tasirin shafukan sada zumunta na yaduwar sabubban rushewar akida, asarar addini da cin zarafin malamai da masu daraja, izgilanci wa addini, mafi muni, sharri da hadarin shafukan sada zumunta shi ne yadda suke dillancin yaduwar laifukan jinsi (Al-Jara’imul Jinsiyyah); zina, luwadi, madigo d.s, sauke abubuwa na fasikanci, yaduwar zaurukan batsa da ashararanci da matattarar kungiyoyi na mazinata, masu luwadi, madigo da makamantansu, shagali da shagaltuwa, yaduwar hotuna, maganganu da videos na batsa (pornography), almubazzaranci na lokaci da kudade, karyace-karyace, yaudara, gulma, hirar banza da kazafi, tare da yada sakonni marasa kima.
Shafukan sada zumunta sun taimaka wajen gurbata harsuna na dabi’a da canza ma’anar yadda mutane suke kallon rayuwa (ta hanyar emoji), zaurukan mata da suke tattauna abubuwa da suke da alaka da akidun feminists ko kuma maganganu akan alakar jinsi, tazarar haihuwa, magungunan mata da na zubar da jiki, canza launin fata (bleaching and whitenization), kashe aure da haddasa fitina tsakanin ma’aurata, yawaitar wasanni (games) da suka sabawa shari’ah, kashe lokuta mafi tsada a rayuwa, haifar da cutar shakuwa,
matsalar lafiyar idanu, baya, hannaye da cutar damuwa, taklidancin tunani, mummunan kwaikwayo ga kafirai, satar jarabawa, yada jita-jita, labarin harzuka al’umma da tarzoma, batanci ga malamai da mahukunta, zage-zage saboda addini ko siyasa, dadin dadawa yan Freemasons suna amfani da wannan kafa da sauran shafukan Intanet da kafafan sadarwa wajen yada bakaken al’adunsu na siyasa da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki bisa kan mutane.
Matasa a shafukan sada zumunta za ka samu galibinsu da karancin kirdadon abin da za’a rubuta a takaice akwai wauta, ganganci, gidadanci, sakaci, tumasanci da kuma kauyanci a galibin makamar gudanar da al’amuransu a wannan shafuka.
A takaice hadurra da mummunan tasirin ta’amuli da shafukan sada zumunta ya taba bangarori da yawa; lafiyar jiki da tunani, harshe da sadarwa, addini da tarbiyya, rayuwa da zamantakewa, karatu da bincike, shugabanci da siyasa, dokoki da shari’ah, hanyoyi da sufuri, zaman lafiya da tsaro uwa uba lahira da makoma. Allah ya sauwake
HANYOYIN DA MATAKAN MAGANCE HADURRAN SHAFUKAN SADA ZUMUNTA
A matakin farko duk wani musulmi ya shiga dandalin da manufa ta alkhairi, yaji tsoron Allah a dukkan abin da zai rubuta ko ya karanta, ya sanya ayar “Wala taqfu ma laisa laka bihi ilmun” da “…In jaa’akum fasiqun bi naba’in fatabayyanu” da hadisin “Ittaqillaha haisu ma kunta…” matashi yaji tsoron Allah a dukkan abin da zai rubuta, karanta, sha’awa (likes), yadawa (share), ko ta’aliki (comments), musulmi ya sanya fadin Manzon rahama sallallahu alaihi wa sallam “Ittaqillaha haisu ma kunta” a gaban idanuwansa.
Matasa masu ta’amuli da wadannan shafuka su nisanci abota da gurbatattun abokai ko tarayya a zaurukan da suke kunshe da fasada, ya ribaci damar wajen riskar fuskokin alkhairi da shafin ya kunsa, ya dinga kirdadon wanda zai yi hulda dasu, tarbiyyar dabi’a da zuciya, yiwa sha’awa linzami, tsantsani a wajen rubutu, kiyaye sirri, kaucewa miyagun posts, tabbatar da ingancin labarai kafin like da comments, gaskiya da adalci yayin bayyana ra’ayi sannan mu zama jakadun musulunci a ko’ina muke.
Sannan hukumomi, malamai, iyaye da dattijai su Kara kulawa da haqqoqi da amanar da take wuyansu wajen kiyaye addini da al’adun jama’a tare da sanya idanu akan dukkan wani abu duk kankantarsa da zai kawo wa ‘ya ‘yan da aka basu amana barazana ko ma halaka gaba daya. A lura tare da nunawa yara hanya ta yadda zasu kiyaye ko a kebance. A karshe Allah jalla wa alaa ya na cewa; ‘’Waltakun minkum ummatun yad’una ilal khairi wa ya’amuruna bil ma’arufi’’ Lalle malamai da masu da’awah su ribaci wannan damar tare da ikhlasi da kyakkyawan tsari na da’awah da wayar da kan mutane masu ta’amuli da wadannan shafuka musamman mata da matasa.
NADEWA
Shafukan sada zumunta ni’ima ce ga wasu, kamar yadda halaka ce ga wasu, zasu taimaka mana gaya wajen amfani da raya kwakwalwa, samun fa’idantuwa a dukkan sasannin rayuwa da dubunnan alkhairai da ta kunsa, wanda hakan zai shagaltar damu da kawar da kai ga bangarorin shashanci. Wadannan shafuka taskar ajiya ce, kundin ilimi da wayewa ne da zasu yiwa mutumin da ya samu mizanin tantance ingantacce da rubabbe tasiri a tunani, tarbiyya da mahangar rayuwa.
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