Cututtukan haƙori su ne matsalolin da suke kama haƙorin mutum, su haifar masa da ciwon haƙori, ko faɗuwar haƙori, ko rashin tsarin haƙori mai kyau. Cututtukan haƙori sun rabu gida biyu:
a. Waɗanda suke samun haƙori sakamakon rashin tsabtar baki (poor oral hygiene) ko ɗabi’un mutum (lifestyle).
b. Waɗanda suke samun haƙori sakamakon gado (genetic factors).
CUTUTTUKAN HAƘORI NA RASHIN TSABTA (ORAL HYGIENE TOOTH DISEASES)
Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:
1. Lalacewar haƙori (tooth decay): shi ne mafi zama gama-gari a cikin mutane, wanda yake faruwa sakamakon taruwar ƙwayoyin halittar bacteria (streptococcus mutans) a jikin haƙori. Yana kawo rami ko kogo a jikin haƙori (tooth cavity). Abubuwan da suke kawo lalacewar haƙori su ne:
- Yawan ci ko shan kayan zaƙi (consumption of sugary foods),
- Yawan ci ko shan abubuwa masu danƙo (consumption of starchy foods),
- Rashin tsabtar baki (poor oral hygiene),
- Bushewar baki (mouth dryness),
- Taruwar sinadarin acid a cikin baki (mouth acid buildup).
Alamunsa (symptoms) su ne:
- Ciwon haƙori (tooth ache),
- rashin daɗin baki idan abubuwa masu zafi ko sanyi suka shiga cikin baki (sensitivity to hot or cold substances),
- samuwar kogo a jikin haƙori (tooth cavity).
Likita zai iya tabbatar da lalacewar haƙori ne (diagnosis) ta hanyar ɗaukar hoton haƙori (tooth x-ray) ko kuma duba haƙorin maras lafiya (visual examination). Rashin magance lalacewar haƙori bayan an tabbatar da shi zai iya haifar da munanan matsalolin baki, kamar taruwar gunya a cikin baki (mouth abscess) ko faɗuwar haƙori (tooth loss).
Hanyoyin magance lalacewar haƙori su ne:
- Yin cikon kogon haƙori (tooth cavity filling),
- Buɗe jijiyoyin jini na haƙori (tooth root canal therapy),
- Da cire haƙori (tooth extraction).
2. Ciwon dasashi (gum disease): Shi ne kumburin dasashi, da kuma shigar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dasashi (gum inflammation and infection).
Abubuwan da suke haddasa shi su ne:
- Rashin tsabtar baki (poor oral hygiene),
- Shan taba (cigarettes smoking),
- Sauye-sauyen zubar ruwan sinadarai (hormonal changes),
- Da laulayin magunguna (medication side effects).
Alamunsa sun haɗa da:
- Kumburin dasashi (gum inflammation),
- Canzawar launin dasashi zuwa ja-zur (gum redness),
- Warin baki (bad breath),
- Faɗuwar haƙori (tooth loss),
- Da jin zafi a lokacin tauna abinci (pain while chewing).
- Likita zai iya tabbatar da kamuwa da ciwon dasashi ne ta hanyar yin hoton dasashi (gum x-ray) ko duba dasashi (gum examination).
Rashin magance ciwon dasashi, bayan an tabbatar dashi, zai iya kawo faɗuwar haƙori (tooth loss) da lalacewar ƙashin muƙa-muƙi (jaw bone damage).
Ana iya magance ciwon dasashi ne ta hanyar:
- Wanke haƙori (teeth scaling),
- Aikin tiyata (surgery),
- Wanke jijiyoyin haƙori (tooth root planning),
- Da yin amfani da magungunan antibiotics.
Don karanta Hawan Jini danna nan
3. Rashin jin daɗin hakori (tooth sensitivity): yana faruwa ne sakamakon zaizayewar jikin haƙori (enamel wears) wanda yake sanya bayyanar shinfiɗar da take ƙarƙashin haƙori mai suna “dentin layer”.
Abubuwan da suke kawo rashin jin daɗin hakori su ne:
- Kogon hakori (tooth cavity),
- Ciwon dasashi (gum disease),
- Wanke baki da brush mai karfi (use of hard tooth brush),
- Ci ko shan abubuwa masu acid (acidic foods consumption).
Alamunsa su ne:
Rashin jin daɗi ko zafin haƙori (tooth sensitivity) idan aka ci ko sha abubuwa masu zafi, ko sanyi, ko zaƙi, ko ɗaci, ko gishiri.
Likita zai iya tabbatar da kamuwa da rashin daɗin haƙori ne ta hanyar duba haƙori, ko yi wa maras lafiya tambayoyi.
Idan aka tabbatar da kamuwa da rashin jin daɗin haƙori, amma ba a magance shi ba, to, zai haifar da takura da rashin jin daɗin kowane irin abinci.
Ana iya magance shi ta hanyar:
- Yin amfani da mayukan goge baki masu ƙarfin sinadarai (desensitizing toothpaste),
- Toshe zaizayewar da hakorin ya yi (dental bonding),
- Ɗora maras lafiya a kan magungunan da za su ƙara masa yawan sinadarin fluoride a cikin jiki (fluoride treatment).
4. Cutar daji ta baki (oral cancer): Tana kama tsokokin baki ne, kamar harshe (tongue), ko leɓe (lip) ko dasashi (gum), ko kumatu (cheeks). Tana sanya waɗannan halittun su kumbura suntum.
Abubuwan da suke haddasa ta su ne:
- Shan giya (alcoholism)
- da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cutar human papilloma virus (HPV).
Alamunsa su ne:
- Samun ishashen rauni a cikin baki wanda zai ƙi warkewa (persistent mouth ulcers),
- Zubar jini (gum bleeding),
- Jin zafi mai naci a cikin baki (persistent mouth pains),
- Wahalar hadiyar abinci (swallowing difficulty),
- Wahalar yin magana (talking difficulty),
- Ɗaukewar ji idan aka taɓa fatar baki (numbness).
Likita zai iya tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar ne ta hanyar duba baki (mouth examination) ko ɗibar samfurin cutar domin yin awo a ɗakin binciken kimiyya (biopsy test). Jinkirin warkar da cutar bayan an tabbatar da ita zai iya haddasa mutuwar mutum.
Ana iya magance cancer baki ne ta hanyar yin aikin tiyatar (surgery), ko amfani da hasken na’urar computer (radiation therapy), ko ɗora maras lafiya akan magunguna masu ƙarfin gaske (chemotherapy).
MATSALOLIN HAƘORA NA GADO DA NA TSARIN RAYUWA (CONGENITAL AND ACQUIRED TEETH DEFECTS)
Kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne:
1. Rashin daidaiton hakora (teeth misalignment): Ana kiransa “malocclusion” a likitance ko “gantso” a Hausa., Yana haifar da rashin tauna abinci da kyau (biting/chewing problems).
Abubuwan da suke haddasa shi su ne:
- Gado (genetic factors),
- Ko tsotson ɗan-yatsa (thumb sucking),
- Ko hura iska a cikin bakin mutum (mouth breathing) sakamakon ya kasa yin numfashi da kansa,
- Ko yin amfani da kayan tsotso ga yaro (child use of pacifiers).
Alamunsa su ne:
- Rashin iya gutsura ko tauna abinci yadda ya kamata (bite or chewing problems),
- Da samun wahalar yin magana (speech difficulties).
Likita zai iya tabbatar da matsalar ne ta hanyar ɗaukar hoton haƙora (dental x-ray) ko duba baki (dental examination).
Jinkirin magance matsalar, bayan tabbatar da ita, yana taɓa kwarjinin mutum (self-esteem).
Ana iya magance ta ta hanyar:
- Yin aikin tiyata (surgery),
- Ɗaure haƙora da zaren daidaita su (use of teeth braces),
- Sanyawa haƙora hular daidaita su (use of teeth aligners).
2. Duhun launin haƙora (teeth discoloration): Yana haifar da dafewar haƙora (teeth staining).
Abubuwan da suke haddasa shi su ne:
- Shan taba (cigarettes smoking),
- Tsufa (ageing),
- Ci ko shan abubuwan da aka rina su da chemicals (consumption of foods prepared with coloring matters),
- Rashin tsabtar baki (poor oral hygiene).
Alamarsa ita ce dafewar haƙora. Likita zai iya tabbatar da shi ne ta hanyar duba haƙora. Daɗewa ba a magance shi ba, yana iya taɓa kwarjinin mutum.
Ana iya magance shi ta hanyar amfani da hular haskaka haƙora (teeth veneers).
3. Rashin fitowar wasu daga cikin hakora kwata-kwata (congenital teeth missing): Ana kiransa “hypodentia” a likitance.
Abubuwan da suke haddasa shi su ne:
- Gado (genetic factors),
- Da kuma matsalolin rashin lafiya kamar ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip, da cleft palate.
Alamarsa ita ce rashin fitowar wasu daga cikin haƙora. Likita zai iya tabbatar da matsalar ne ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto, da kuma duba bakin mutum. Daɗewa ba a magance shi ba zai iya taɓa kwarjinin mutum, da kuma rashin iya cin abinci yadda ya kamata.
Ana magance matsalar ne ta hanyar:
- Yin dashen haƙora (dental implants),
- Ko yin haƙoran roba (dentures),
- Ko makala haƙoran roba na din-din-din (dental bridge)
Danna nan don karanta Warin Baki
Edita: @rumasau-kallamu
