Muhammad Sahal Aliyu
sahalaliyu@gmail.com
Kira: 059 671 4064
WhatsApp: +2347065994177
SASHEN NAZARIN HARSUNAN NIJERIYA DA KIMIYYAR HARSHE, JAMI’AR JIHAR KADUNA, NIJERIYA.
Maƙalar Da Aka Gabatar A Taron Ranar Hausa Ta Duniya a Ƙasar Ghana (Kumasi) Don ƙara Wa Juna Sani. Mai Taken: Zango: Ƙaura Daga Keɓancewa Zuwa Fahimta: Rawar Da Gwamnati Ke Takawa Wajen Aiwatar Da Manufofi. Wanda Ƙungiyar Matasan Zongo-Hausa Ta Ghana Suka Shirya A Ƙarqashin Jagorancin Masarautar Sarkin Zango.
AGUSTA, 2025.
Tsakure
Manufar wannan takarda ita ce bayyana tunanin da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN) don keɓe wannan rana ta Talata 26 ga watan Ogosta, don ta kasance muhimmiyar rana ga harshen Hausa don ƙara nuni matsayinsa da kuma tagomashinsa a idon duniya baki ɗaya.
Akwai wani ƙiyasi da aka fitar, wanda yake nuna cewa akwai kimanin adadin harsuna a duniya wanda yawansu ya kai kusan dubu bakwai da ɗari shida (7,600), amman kuma harshen Hausa shi ne wanda zakaransa ya yi cara har ya kai matsayin harshe na goma sha ɗaya a duniya(11) (Bunza, A.M 2023). Kuma wani abin lura shi ne, harshen Hausa ya kai shekaru ɗari da ashirin (120) a matsayin karatun boko musamman a ƙasar Nijeriya.
Sannan kuma akwai wata nasara da shi wannan harshen na Hausa ya samu wannan nasara kuwa ita ce: yadda ake samun kafafen yaɗa labarai cikin gida Afirka da ma ƙasashen Turawa. Alal misali: akwai gidajen rediyo kamar irin su: BBC da VOA da RFI da DW ƙasar China da Ghana dai sauran su. Baya ga wannan kuma, takardar ta fito da yadda ake samun ƙara yaɗuwar harshen a wasu kafafen sada zumunta na zamani kamar irin su: Facebook da WhatsApp da Instagram da Twitter har ma da shafukan yanar-gizo.
Gabatarwa
Babu wata wayewa da mutum zai yi tunƙaho da ita face sanin wanene shi? Kuma daga ina yake? Sannan da me yake magana?. A sanadiyyar mulkin mallaka da kuma sakaci da harshenmu da al’adunmu ne ya janyo cewa wasu daga cikinmu suke ganin cewa wai har akwai wani harshe da ya fi harshensu na gado (harshen uwa). Duk wani wanda ya rasa harshensa na asali, to ya rasa wani babban jigo na rayuwarsa, domin kuwa da harshen ne zai iya ɗaga hannunsa ya bugi ƙirji ya nuna kansa.
Muddin aka ce an yi watsi da harshen uwa (Hausa), to haƙiƙa an yi watsi da al’adunmu da tarbiyyarmu da kyawawan ɗabi’unmu. Babu wata waye da ta wuce mutum ya san harshensa da kuma abin da harshen ya ƙunsa. Bayanai sun nuna cewa wannan rana ita ce karo na goma sha ɗaya (11) da ake gudanar da wannan taron na Ranar Hausa ta Duniya.
Haƙiƙa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (United Nation) sun yi la’akari ne da wasu abubuwa da suka shafi harshen Hausa har suka ware wannan rana ta musamman don harshen Hausa, waɗannan abubuwan kuwa sun haɗa da:
- Yawan yaɗuwar harshen
- Yawan masu magana da harshen
- Yawan aikace-aikace (rubutu) da harshen
- Yawan samun kafofin yaɗa labarai da harshen
- Yawan amfani da shi a kafofin sada zumunta na zamani
- Yawan amfani da shi a harkokin siyasa
- Yawan amfani da shi a gidajen jaridu
HARSHEN HAUSA DA ƘASAR HAUSA
A wannan ɓangaren kuma, batutuwa biyu ne za a warware su: wato mecece Hausar ita kanta? Da kuma ina da ina ne ƙasashen Hausa? Bari mu fara da batun Mecece Hausa?
A ma’anar da ƙamusun Hausa na Jami’ar Bayero Kano ya bayar, ya ce:
“Hausa shi ne harshe da ake magana da shi.”
Sannan kuma ya ce: “Hausa harshe ne.”
Ya ƙara da cewa: “Hausa na nufin azanci ko hikima.”
Shi kuwa Hornby, A.S (2015) cewa ya yi:
“Harshen Hausa shi ne harshen da Hausawan Afirka ta Yamma suke amfani da shi musamman a Nijeriya da Nijar sannan kuma ake amfani da shi a wasu sassa na Yammacin Afirka a matsayin harshen sadarwa a tsakanin al’umma mabambanta.”
WANENE BAHAUSHE?
A nan kuma za mu yi magana ne a kan shin wai wane ne Bahaushe?
Bunza, A.M (2019) ya ba da wannan amsa da cewa: Bahaushe shi ne:
- Wanda yake bugun gaba da zama Bahaushe.
- Wanda ba shi da wasu al’adu da harshe sai na Hausa.
- Wanda iyayensa da kakanninsa Hausawa ne.
- Wanda yake da dangantaka da tushe daga tussan karuruwan Hausa kamar su: Zazzaganci ko Katsinanci ko Kananci ko Gobiranci ko Katsinanci ko kuma Sakkwatanci.
- Wanda yake da tsaga (shasshawa) ta fuska daga cikin tsagetsagen Hausawa na zuriya.
HAUSA A IDON MAJALISAR ƊINKIN DUNIYA (UNITED NATION)
Wannan gaɓar ita ta haifar da wannan takarda, domin kuwa Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta yi amfani da irin kallon da ta yi ma harshen Hausa ne a matsayin na 11 a faɗin duniya, inda ta kawo cewa:
- Mandarin (China) mutane 1,009,000,000 masu magana da shi
- English mutane 983,000,000 masu magana da shi
- Hindustani mutane 544,000,000 masu magana da shi
- Spanish mutane 527,000,000 masu magana da shi
- Arabic mutane 422,000,000 masu magana da shi
- Malay mutane 281,000,000 masu magana da shi
- Russian mutane 267,000,000 masu magana da shi
- Bengali mutane 261,000,000 masu magana da shi
- Portugues mutane 229,000,000 masu magana da shi
- French 229,000,000
- Hausa mutane 150,000,00 (https://www.gistmania.com/talk/.353020.0html)
Daga wannan ƙididdiga da suka gabatar, hakan ya tabbatar mana da cewa lallai harshen Hausa karansa ya kai tsaiko kuma wuyansa ya isa yanka, keɓe rana ta musamman da Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta yi don ƙara raya wannan harshen namu, abin a yaba ne kuma yin hakan zai ƙara kima da tagomashi ga harshen har ma da masu harshen.
HAUSA A ƘASASHEN ƘETARE
Shin me ya kai harshen Hausa zuwa wasu ƙasashen da ba na Hausawa ba? Ba tare da tsawaita magana ba, daga cikin dalilan da suka kai Hausa da Hausawa wata duniyar da ba ta Hausa sun haɗa da:
- Fatauci
- Neman ilimin addini
- Yaɗa Addinin Musulunci
- Cinikin bayi
- Aikin hajji
- Aikata wani abin kunya
- Neman ilimin book
- Aikin gwamnati (www.amsoshi.com)
Waɗannan da ma wasu dalilai masu yawa da suka kai harshen Hausa da Hausawa wasu ƙashen da ba nasu ba.
KAMMALAWA
Daga bayanai da suka gaba, mun fahimci cewa lallai harshen Hausa ba ƙyalle ba ne kuma ba ƙashin yarwa ba ne. Sannan kuma mun ga irin yadda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kalli harshen Hausa wanda ake ganin wannan daraja da martaba da harshen yake da shi ya sa ta ware rana ta musamman don gudanar da taro da yin bita a kan wasu al’amura da suka shafi harshen Hausa da kuma irin gudunmawar da harshen yake bayarwa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum.
Mun ga yadda aka samu wasu gidajen rediyo da kafafen sadarwa na zama suke mu’amala da harshen Hausa. Sannan mun fahimci wanene Bahaushe da kuma inda harshen Hausa yake matsayinsa a duniya tare da masu Magana da shi. Sannan mun ga wasu dalilai da suka kai harshen da ma masu harshen wasu ƙasashen da ba ƙasar Hausa ba.
Manazarta
Bunza, A.M (2013), “Don Me Ake Karatun Hausa?” Harsunan Nijeriya Volume XXIII. 2011-2013. Center for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University: Kano.
Hornby, A.S (2015), Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English 9th Edition. Oxford University Press: United Kingdom.
Ƙamusun Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayero (2006). Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna Nijeriya: Kano.
www.amsoshi.com
A Wata Hira da Aka Yi da Bunza, A.M a Shekarar (2023)
https://www.gistmania.com/talk/topic.353020.0html
Domin karanta Gudunmawar Ali Gumzak Wajen Samarwa Da Kuma Haɓaka Finafinan Hausa danna nan
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
