Wannan duniya da muke ciki tana ƙunshe da al’ummomi daban-daban masu magana da harsuna da adabi da al’adu mabambanta. An ƙiyasta a yanzu akwai al’ummomi masu magana da harsuna daban-daban kimanin dubu shida da ɗari shida da sittin (6660) a wannan duniya tamu, kuma kowane daga cikin su na cin gashin-kansa. Misali, akwai Larabci da Turancin Ingilishi da na Faransanci da na Jamusanci da Sinanci da Indiyanci da dai sauransu.
Kowane daga cikin waɗannan harsuna suna da masu yin magana da shi, kuma kowane yana da sigogin yaɗuwarsa. Daga cikin su za a tarar wani harshen masu yin magana da shi ‘yan ɗaruruwa ne a wani tsukin wuri, wani kuma za a tarar mutane ne dubbai suke yin amfani da shi, wani kuma miliyoyi ne waɗanda suka barbazu a wurare na nahiyoyin da suke cikin wannan duniya (Yahaya, 1991:3).
Idan muka dawo nan gida Afrika akwai al’ummomi daban-daban waɗanda suke magana da harsuna kimanin 1850 wanda harshen Hausa na daga cikinsu. Yana daga cikin harsunan Afrika irinsu Swahili da Mande da Wolof da Ashanti da Yoruba da Bambara da sauransu. Daga waɗannan harsuna 1850 da suke Afrika an tantance an gano akwai kimanin harsuna 394 waɗanda ake yin amfani da su a sassa daban-daban da suke cikin Nijeriya.
Duk da kasancewar waɗannan harsuna suna da dangantaka da wasunsu kowane daga cikinsu yana zaman kansa a matsayin harshe. Daga cikin harsunan da ake amfani da su a Nijeriya baya ga harshen Hausa akwai Yarbanci da Ibo da Fulatanci da Barbarci da Efik da Nufanci da Ibibio da Tiv da Angas da Edo da Bade da Igala da Idoma da Igbirra da Mandara da Karekare da Kanakuru da sauransu. A halin yanzu ana amfani da waɗannan harsuna a tsakanin al’ummomin da suke magana da su don yin hulɗoɗin rayuwa na yau da kullum (Yahaya, 1991:3-4).
Hausawa suna daga cikin manyan al’ummomin da suke a wannan duniya a wannan zamani, kuma harshen Hausa wanda Hausawa suke magana da shi a matsayin harshen uwa na daga cikin manyan harsunan wannan duniya. Idan aka ɗebe harshen Larabci, masu magana da harshen Hausa a matsayin harshen uwa sun fi kowace al’umma yawa a duk faɗin Nahiyar Afrika, harshen Swahili ne kaɗai yake yi masa cin dudduge.
Haka kuma harshen Hausa ne harshen da kowa yake yin magana da shi a mafi yawancin sassan arewacin Nijeriya ciki har da waɗanda ba Hausawa ba (Schuh, 1982:1). A Jamhuriyar Nijar mafi yawancin mutanen wannan ƙasa na magana da harshen Hausa (Hira da AHSA, a garin Agadez, a ranar 8/5/2005).Wannan ya bayyana mana ke nan, masu magana da harshen Hausawa sun fi kowace al’umma yawa a duk faɗin Afrika.
Idan muka dawo kan batun da muke son magana a kansa watau matsayin Hausawa a yau, za mu ga kamar yadda aka yi bayanai a baya, kasancewar al’ummar Hausawa sun fi kowace al’umma yawa a duk faɗin Afrika, ya taimaka ƙwarai wajen yaɗuwa da haɓakar harshe da adabi da al’adun Hausawa da kuma mamaye na maƙwabtan ƙasar Hausa. Kamar yadda wani ɗan ƙabilar Babur ta jihar Borno ya bayyana min cewa: “Hausawa al’umma ce wadda take mamaye dukkan wata al’umma da ke kusa da ita” (Hira da AYB, a ranar 24/9/2004).
Wani Badakkare daga Zuru ya bayyana min cewa: “Al’ummar Hausawa da harshensu da al’adunsu da adabinsu suna ƙara haɓaka a kullum, don kuwa ba wani wuri da mutum zai shiga a cikin Nijeriya da kuma ƙasashen waje da ba a san Hausawa ba”(Hira da IIPZ, a garin Zuru, a ranar 18/9/2005).
Ga kuma ra’ayin wani ɗan ƙabilar Ibo mutumin jihar Anambra kan matsayin Hausawa a yau: ”Al’umma ce mai harshe wanda ake magana da shi a duk faɗin Nijeriya ta Arewa da maƙwabtanta ciki har da ma waɗanda ba Hausawa ba, kuma Hausawa mutane ne masu saurin karɓar baƙi, kuma masu son zaman lafiya”(Hira da DIJ, a Birnin Kabi, a ranar 16/9/2005).
Haka kuma wani ɗan ƙabilar Ibo daga jihar Abia ya bayyana min cewa: “Hausawa al’umma ce mai yawan gaske, kuma suna samun bunƙasa a duk harkokinsu na rayuwar yau da kullum”(Hira da MAO, a Birnin Kabi, a ranar 16/10/2004).
Wani Banufe bayyana min ya yi cewa: “Al’ummar Hausawa mutane ne da suka yi fice a dukkan al’amuran duniya, wannan ne ya sa suke da manyan mutanen da duniya ta san da zamansu a wannan zamani”(Hira da MNM, a garin Bida, a ranar 23/9/2004).
A ra’ayin wani ɗan ƙabilar Ekoi ta jihar Cross Riɓer bayyana min ya yi cewa: “Al’ummar Hausawa mutane ne masu gaskiya da riƙon amana da kuma karɓar baƙi cikin mutunci. Kuma mutane waɗanda suke bin dokokin addininsu sau da ƙafa. Haka kuma harshensu ya yaɗu a kowane lungu da saƙo da yake cikin Nijeriya da maƙwabta (Hira da EEO, a garin Gusau, a ranar 10/9/2005).
Wata Bayarabiya kuma bayyana min ra’ayinta ta yi kan matsayin Hausawa a yau kamar haka: “Al’ummar Hausawa mutanen kirki ne wanda a yanzu yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga dukkan ‘yan Nijeriya su koyi harshen Hausa don samun sauƙin tafiyar da harkokin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum”(Hira da MGAA, a garin Zariya, a ranar 30/9/2004).
Bisa la’akari da waɗannan ra’ayoyi da waɗanda ba Hausawa ba suka bayar kan matsayin Hausawa a yau, na tabbata za a amince da ni al’ummar Hausawa suna da babban matsayi a wannan zamani a idanun mafi yawancin mutanen da suke cikin Nijeriya da ma waɗanda suke a ƙasashen da suke maƙwabta.
Haka yake a idanun mutanen da suke ƙasashen da suke nesa da ƙasar Hausa don kuwa a wata hira da na gudanar da wani wanda ya ziyarci Ingila ya bayyana min cewa “A ƙasashen Turai al’ummar Hausawa suna da babban matsayi, kuma ana duban su a matsayin mutanen kirki saboda halayensu masu kyau sun sanya da wuya ka same su suna aikata munanan laifuffuka irinsu sata da zamba cikin aminci da fashi da makami da rashin gaskiya” (Hira da AASD, a garin Katsina, a ranar 14/12/2005.
Saboda matsayin al’ummar Hausawa da harshensu a wannan zamani ya sa harshen Hausa ya zama na farko daga cikin harsunan Afrika ta Yamma da aka fara rubuce-rubuce da shi. Haka kuma shi ne harshe na farko da aka fara gabatar da labarai da shirye-shirye a gidajen Radiyon ƙasashen waje kamar a Sashen Hausa na BBC London da Muryar Amirka (ƁOA) da Muryar Jamus (Radiyo Deutche Welle) da Radiyo China da Radiyo Alƙahira da Radiyo Iran da dai sauransu (Yahaya, 1991:10 – 11).
A nan gida kasancewar Hausawa suna da tsararren mulki wanda suka riƙa tafiyar da harkokin rayuwarsu lokaci mai tsawo tun kafin zuwan Turawan Mulkin Mallaka, ya sa sun mamaye fagen siyasar Nijeriya a wannan zamani. A halin yanzu duk wani mai son mulkin ƙasar nan dole sai ya haɗa kai da Hausawa zai ci nasara.
Saboda haka ne Hausawa a wannan zamani suka shahara a fagen tafiyar da harkokin mulki cikin nasara da kwanciyar hankali, kuma suka zama jagora ga dukkan al’ummomin da suke a cikin wannan ƙasa. A iya ganin haka idan aka waiwaya aka duba waɗanda suka shugabancin Nijeriya tun daga samun mulkin kai zuwa wannan zamani. Daga cikin shugabanni goma sha biyu da suka shugabanci Nijeriya shida ko bakwai daga cikinsu Hausa/Fulani ne.
Na farko Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa da Janar Murtala Ramat Muhammad da Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari da Janar Muhammadu Buhari da Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida da Janar Sani Abacha da Janar Abdulsalam Abubakar da kuma Alhaji Ummaru Musa ‘Yar’aduwa.
Haka kuma a ƙasashe maƙwabta waɗanda Hausawa suka yi ƙaura suka koma, sun sami babban matsayi a waɗannan ƙasashe. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne sakamakon ire-iren gudummuwar da suke bayarwa don ci gaban waɗannan ƙasashe. A ire-iren waɗannan ƙasashe akwai Hausawa da daman gaske waɗanda suka yi fice a harkokin tafiyar da mulki da na soja da na tattalin arziki da na ilimi da dai sauran fannonin rayuwa.
Misali, a yanzu Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙasar Ghana Alhaji Aliyu Muhammad Bahaushe ne wanda asalinsu mutanen Talatar Mafara ta jihar Zamfara ne. Bayansa akwai ‘Yan Majalisar Dokoki ta Ghana waɗanda Hausawa ne (An samo wannan bayani daga wani rahoto da Idi Ali, Wakilin Sashen Hausa na BBC London a Accra, Ghana).
Duk da kasancewar al’ummar Hausawa suna da babban matsayi a wannan zamani akwai matsalolin da suke neman dakushe wannan matsayi. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne saboda wasu daga cikin waɗanda suke jagorancin al’ummar Hausawa da kuma wasu waɗanda ake jagoranta na neman su watsar da kyawawan al’adu waɗanda aka san Hausawa da su kamar nuna ƙauna da ‘yan’uwantaka da kara da alkunya da haɗin kai da nuna gaskiya da riƙon amana da dai sauran ire-iren waɗannan kyawawan al’adu.
A yanzu ire-iren waɗannan Hausawa suna son su zama marasa gaskiya da nuna son kai da son tattara abin duniya da rashin taimaka wa al’umma da rashin haɗin kai da dai sauran munanan abubuwa. Saboda haka matuƙar ba a gyara waɗannan matsaloli ba, to matsayin Hausawa na jagorancin al’ummar Nijeriya zai fita daga hannunsu kuma mutuncinsu ya zube.
Kamar yadda aka gani, wannan babi an yi bayani a kan farfajiyar ƙasar Hausa jiya da yau. An kuma duba yanaye-yanayen ƙasar Hausa da mutanenta da halin zamantakewarsu da shugabancinsu da addininsu da kuma hanyoyin tattalin arzikinsu da bayani kan ƙaura da shigowar baƙi a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Hausa da dalilan da suka sanya su zaɓar ƙasar Hausa don yin zama na ci-rani ko zama na dindindin da kuma matsayinsu a yau.
Don karanta Ƙaura Da Shigowar Baƙi Ƙasar Hausa danna nan
Wannan bayani an ciro shi ne daga kundin bincike mai taken: SANA’AR WANZANCI DA SAUYE-SAUYEN ZAMANI JIYA DA YAU wanda BASHIR ALIYU SAFANA SALLAU ya wallafa WANDA AKA GABATAR A TSANGAYAR FASAHA DA ADDININ MUSULUNCI SASHEN KOYAR DA HARSUNAN NIJERIYA JAMI’AR BAYERO, KANO, DOMIN CIKA WANI ƁANGARE NA SAMUN DIGIRI NA UKU (Ph.D) A FANNIN HAUSA
MAYU 2009/JUMADA ULA 1430
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
