Babahabu49
GABATARWA
Harshe ya kasance muhimmin al’amari ko ginshiƙin tubalin da ya haifar da nazarin kimiyyar harshe, wato Linguistics a Turance, wanda kuma kimiyyar harshe yana da rassa guda biyu su ne: manyan rassa (macro linguistics) da kuma ƙananan rassa (micro linguistics). Idan aka waiwayo ɓangaren ilimin walwalar harshe (sociolinguistics) za a ga cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan rassan ilimin kimiyyar harshe ne. Saboda haka wannan harshe zai yi magana ne a kan adana harshe, wato (Language Preservation) a Turance.
MA’ANAR HARSHE
Masana da dama sun yi ƙoƙarin bayyana ma’anar harshe da cewa ;
Brown (1976) ; “Tamkar jerin ma’ana ne cikin tsarin sauti”.
Yakasai (2012) ; “Wata hanya ce ta bayyana kai da kuma hulɗa tsakanin juna wadda dabbobi ba su da irin ta.
Ilimin walwalar harshe wanda da Turanci ake kira da “Sociolinguistics” Holmes (1971) ya bayyana ma’anar da cewa ;
“Fage ne nazari da kan nazarci hanyoyin da ake sarrafa harshe domin tantance kima da matsayin mutane cikin zamantakewa”.
Yakasai (2012) cewa ya yi; “Wani ɓangare ne daga fannin nazarin harshe da kuma yadda ake sarrafa shi” (Yakasai, 2012: 24).
MENENE ƁACEWAR HARSHE?
Ɓacewar harshe shi ne a samu harshen da ba shi da masu magana da shi musamman idan harshen ba shi da zuriyar da suka rage masu rai. Ɓataccen harshe kusan kamar mataccen harshe ne, sai dai shi akan rasa iyaye masu magana da shi kwata-kwata, ba a samun ‘yan asalin harshen masu rai ko da kuwa akwai tsirarun masu amfani da shi, wani lokaci sai an yi tafiya mai nisa kafin a samun wanda ya iya harshen, misalin harshen Latin. Duk da wasu masana suna ganin bai kai ga mutuwa ba bare har ya ɓace, misali ɓatattun harsuna:
1)Ɓacama (Harshe ne a Kudancin Kaduna).
2)Firan (Harshe ne a Kudancin Kaduna).
3)Sambe (Harshe ne a Kudancin Kudan Kaduna).
4)Kyoli (Harshe ne a Jihar Filatau).
MUSABBABIN ƁACEWAR HARSHE
Yawancin harsuna suna ɓacewa sannu a hankali yayin da tsirarrun masu magana da shi suka zama masu jin harsuna biyu sannan suka fara rasa ƙwarewar harsunansu na gargajiya. Wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da masu magana suka nemi koyon wani harshen mai daraja don samun fa’ida ta zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi ko kuma don guje wa wariya.
ABUBUWA DA KE SABBABA ƁACEWAR HARSHE
Akwai sabubba da dama da suke sabbaba ɓacewar harshe, amma ga wasu daga ciki:
*Hijira na mutane zuwa wasu ƙasashe.
*Tasirin masu mulki.
*Iyakance na ƙamusu.
*Rashin rubuce-rubuce tare da yawaitar al’adar baka. Da sauransu.
HANYOYIN DA ZA A BI DON KARE HARSHE DAGA ƁACEWA
*Tsari da fitar da ƙa’idojin harshen.
*Shirya gasa ta ilimi da al’adu iri-iri.
*Gina makarantu tare da koyar wa cikin harshen. Da sauransu.
KAMMALAWA
A ƙarshe za a ga yadda harshe yake ɓacewa da kuma sabubban da ke sa ya ɓace, haka kuma da abubuwan da ke kare shi daga ɓacewa tare da misalan wasu harsuna da suka ɓace a Kudancin Kaduna.
Domin karanta Haɗuwar Harshe danna nan
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
