Category: Ilimin Kiyo da Noma

Wanan ɓangaren zai riƙa koyar da ingantattun ilimin kiyon dabbobi da tsuntsaye da noma na Hausa da na zamani

Akan Wacce Ƙasa Ake Yin Noma?

Wannan tambaya ce mai kyau, saboda ba a kan kowace ƙasa ake shuka kowace shuka ba. Dalili kuwa shi ne, akwai shukar da take buƙatar ruwa sosai, da kuma wacce ba ta buƙatar ruwa sosai.

Sannan kuma, a tabbatar cewa, ƙasar wajen da za a yi shukar, tana da kyau, kuma tana da ruwa sosai. Haka kuma, za a iya gwada ƙasar wajen, tun kafin a yi shuka a kanta, don tabbatar da irin launin abincin da za a iya shukawa a kanta, ta hanyar tona rami da cika shi da ruwa. Idan ruwan ya shanye a cikin sa’a guda, to ƙasar gonar tana da kyau.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙasar da ake yin shuka a cikin su, sun rabu gida uku kamar haka:

1. Ƙasa mai laushi (ta fi dacewa da shukar kayan lambu ko shinkafa).

2. Ƙasa mai yashi (ta fi dacewa da shukar gero, dawa da sauransu).

3. Ƙasa mai tsakuwa (ta fi dacewa da shukar barkono da sauransu).

Saboda haka, ƙasa mai laushi, ita ce ƙasa mafi kyau ga shukar kayan lambu, saboda tana haɓɓaka kusan kowane nau’in kayan lambu. Amma kuma, wannan ba yana nufin, ba za a iya shuka kayan lambu a wasu ƙasar ba, sai dai shuka a kan irin wannan ƙasar, ta fi dacewa.

Danna nan don karanta dabarun noman zamani

Edita; Rumasa’u M. Kallamu

23/01/2025
Dabarun Bunƙasa Noman Masara

1. Wajen shuka

Dukkanin wanda zai noma irin wannan masara, don samun masara mai inganci, to ya kamata ya yi la’akari da;

a. Ƙasar wajen da zai yi shuka ta kasance ba ta ajiye ruwa sosai, kuma wajen bai da alaƙa da kan hanyar ruwa mai ƙarfi, kamar kogi ko dam.

b. Ƙasar wajen ta kasance tana da kyau sosai, wato tana ɗauke da takin gargajiya.

c. Rage wajen ƙona ciyayi a cikin gonar.

d. Yin huɗa da garma mai kyau.

2. Iri (abin da za a shuka)

a. A tabbatar da irin da za a shuka mai kyau ne kuma mai inganci.

b. Bayar da tazara tsakanin shuka da shuka da takun ƙafa ɗaya (25 cm) da kuma tazarar ƙafa uku a tsakanin kunya zuwa kunya (75 cm).

c. Idan kuma mutum zai shuka wani abu a cikin masarar, to ana buƙatar ya bayar da tazarar ƙafa ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu (40cm-50cm) kamar wake, dawa, gero da sauransu.

d. A tabbatar an tona rami sosai, ta yadda shukar za ta zauna a cikin ƙasa sosai.

e. Za a iya sanya irin a cikin ruwan ɗumi, don kashe ƙwarukan da suke cikin irin.

3. Taki

a. A tabbatar takin da za a sanya ma shukar, yana da inganci sosai.

b. A binne takin a jikin jijiyoyin shukar, maimakon watsawa da ake yi gona.

c. A tabbatar an yi amfani da wadataccen taki a gona, misali a yi amfani da takin kamfa 15-15-15 ko 20-10-10 buhuna biyar da kuma buhuna uku na yuriya (Urea) ga shukar da ta kai hekta ɗaya.

d. Ana fara amfani da takin kamfa ne a shuka, bayan an samu kamar sati biyu da shuka, sai kuma bayan sati huɗu, sai a yi amfani da takin yuriya.

4. Hanyoyin magance ciyawa da ƙwari

a. Manomi, ya tabbatar ya nome ko feshe dukkanin wata ciyawa da take cikin gonarsa.

b. A yanzu ana amfani da maganin ƙone ciyawa a gona, wanda shi ne ma ya fi sauƙi ga manomi, sai dai ana buƙatar manomi ya nemi shawarar malamin gona, kafin ya yi amfani da maganin ƙone ciyawa, don kaucewa asarar abin da ya shuka a gonarsa.

c. Manomi, ya dinga ziyartar gonarsa akai-akai, don lura da halin da shukarsa take ciki, idan ya ga wani abu a gonarsa kamar ƙwari ko shukarsa ta canza launinta, to ya tuntuɓi malamin gona.

5. Dabarun girbin masara

a. Manomi, ya tabbatar masararsa ta bushe sosai, tun kafin ya girbe ta.

b. A yi amfani da waje mai tsabta, don casa abin da aka noma kamar buhu, tanfal da sauran su.

c. A samu mazubi mai kyau, don adana abin da aka casa, idan kuma ajiye ta za a yi zuwa wani lokaci mai tsawo, to a sanya mata maganin ƙwari a ciki, don kaucewa asara.

d. A tabbatar an raba masarar da kan ƙasa, wato a samu wani abu a ɗora buhuna masarar a kai.

Danna nan don karanta dabarun noman zamani

Edita; Rumasa’u Muhammad Kallamu

10/12/2024

Jagoran Noman Waken Soya

Gabatarwa

Waken soya yana daga cikin amfanin gonar da aka ɗauka a matsayin abinci; wanda ake shukawa kuma ake sarrafawa a kowace nahiya. Ana samun nasarar shuka waken soya a jihohi masu yawa na Nijeriya ta hanyar amfani da iri ɗan kaɗan ko kuma kayan aiki.

Danna nan domin dauko cikakken littafin

Noman waken soya ya bunƙasa sakamakon amfani da yake da shi ga jikin ɗan Adam, da kuma amfani ga tattalin arziƙi, da yawan sarrafa shi a gidaje. Shi ginshiƙi ne wajen samun man girki, ana samun kashi 18 zuwa 22 na man girki a cikin ƙasa. Yana kuma ƙunshe da shi 40 zuwa 42 na sinadarin gina jiki.

Yanayi Da Ake Buƙata Wajen Noman Waken Soya

Yanayi da nau’in ƙasa yana da tasiri wajen haɓakar waken soya. Waken soya yana yi sosai a Arewacin Nijeriya, inda yawan ruwan sama ya wuce mili-mita ɗari bakwai (700mm) zuwa dubu ɗaya (1000mm).
Waken soya tsiro ne mai son gajeren yini sannan furensa yana buƙatar gajeren yini. Ana iya shuka shi a gona wadda ma’aunin PH ɗin ƙasar ya fara daga 4.5 zuwa 5.5. Ba a shuka waken soya a ƙasa mai tsakuwa ko gona mara nagarta domin zai sa shukar ta tsiro cikin rauni.
Yana buƙatar yanayi mai zafi, tsakanin yanayin zafi 22 ^oc zuwa 35^oc.

Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Buƙata Domin Noman Waken Soya

Gyaran Gona

Sharar gona; Za a cire dukkan ciyawa a filin, sannan a shirya gadon-shuka da hannu ta hanyar amfani da fatanya ko wani kayan aiki da aka maƙalawa shanu ko kuma motar gona (tarakta).
Kasar da aka gyara da kyau na sanya shukar fita da kyau da rage haɗarin ciyawa. Za a iya shuka a kan kunya ko a gyararren fili.

Zaɓar Irin Shuka

Danna nan domin dauko cikekken littafin

Zaɓaɓɓun irin shuka

Ka zaɓi irin da ya dace da yankin da kake noma.
Zaɓen irin waken soya ya danganta ne ta wajen lura da lokacin nunar sa, da jure fari da cututtuka.
Lokaci shi ma abin lura ne wajen zaɓen irin da ya dace da yankuna, a lura da iri mai zuwa da wuri ba mara saurin zuwa ba a guraren da suke da ƙarancin ruwa.

A wanke iri da sinadarin (Fungiside kamar Captain, Apron plus) a yi amfani da fakiti ɗaya ga kilo takwas (8kg) na iri kafin a shuka domin kariya daga ƙwayoyin cututtuka dake cikin ƙasa.
A yi amfani da irin shuka mai inganci na kalar da aka zaɓa. A guji irin da ya tsage ko wanda ya samu illa, a yi amfani da iri wanda bai wuce watanni 12, ba domin samun tsirao mai kyau.

Zaɓi iri mai kyau don shuka sannan a tabbatar da babu ƙwari a cikin sa. Kada a sayi irin shuka a gama-garin kasuwa, domin babu tabbacin kyawun sa ko tsirar sa.

Shuka

Lokacin shuka waken soya: Waken soya yana yi sosai a lokaci mai faɗi, idan gurin yana da danshi; kwanakin shukar da aka amince da su domin shuka waken suya a yankuna daban-daban na Nijeriya su ne aka gabatar a Tebur na Ɗaya (1).

Tebur na Ɗaya: Lokutan da aka amince don shuka waken soya a Nijeriya

S/N	YANKI	Lokuntan da aka tabbatar don shika
1.	Arewa ta Tsakiya	Farko kan Yuni zuwa farkon Yuli
2.	Arewa maso Yamma	Tsakiya Yuni zuwa farkon Yuli
3.	Sudan savanna/Arewacin-Arewa	Satin farko da na biyu na Yuli (1-2) weeks)

Kada a yi shukar wuri, saboda tsoron fari kan iya jawo yankwanewar shukar da kuma buƙatar sake shuka (kofi).

Yawan Irin Shuka

Kimanin kilo 50-70 (Tiya 20-28) ake buƙata domin samun yawan tushe da ya kai (444,444) a cikin kadaɗa ɗaya na waken soya.

Tazara Tsakanin Shuka

A shuka waken soya da hannu ko da injin shuka sannan a shuka kwaya 3 zuwa 4 a rami; a tazara sentimeta saba’in da biyar (75cm) tsakanin kunya da kunya, sannan sentimeta goma (10cm) tsakanin tushe da tushe.

**Hoto Na Biyar: Yadda Ake Shukan Waken Soya**

Sa Takin Zamani

Taki da ake saka wa Waken Soya.

Ya danganta ne daga gwajin ƙasa. Waken soya a matsayin sa na amfanin mai gululai a sauyarsa zai iya samar wa kansa sinadarin nitrogen ta hanyar jawowa daga sararin sama.
Sinadarin phosphorus ne wanda waken soya ya rasa sosai. Don haka, sai a zuba takin phosphorus daidai don haɓakar yabanya. A zuba takin (SUPA) (3 x 50 kg bags) haɗe da ƙarin 2 x 50 bags na takin kamfa NPK (15:15:15).
Yawan takin da aka aminta a zuba wa gonar waken soya:

Tebur na biyu: Yawan taki da za a saka wa Waken Soya

S/n	Yawan Taki (Kg/Ha)
1	Buhu biyu da rabi na (NPK(15:15:15)
2	Buhu uku na SSP (SUPA)

Noma

Feshin Maganin Ciyawa:

Noman farko zai fara ne a sati na biyu (2) bayan shuka; sannan noma na biyu a sati na biyar zuwa na shida (5-6).

Danna nan domin dauko cikekken littafin

Feshin Maganin Ciyawa:

Magungunan kashe ciyawa in an yi amfani da su da kyau, suna aiki sosai wajen magance ciyawa. Akwai maganin ciyawa na waken soya da za a iya fesawa kafin tsirowar shi da kuma bayan tsirowar shuka. Idan an yi amfani da maganin kashe ciyawar, to noma ɗaya ake buƙata bayan sati biyar zuwa shida (5 -6); a goran magani a yi amfani da maganin kashe ciyawa kamar yadda aka yi bayani.

Ƙwari da Hanyoyin Magance su;

Za a iya magance kwarin waken soya ta hanyer feshi ɗaya na (CYPERMETRIN) Di-mechecate 10EC; a adadin 100ml a cikin lita goma sha biyar (15) na ruwa.

Tuge Waken Soya:

Waken soya yana isa tugewa ne a watanni uku zuwa huɗu bayan shuka; sannan yana buƙatar girbi da wuri domin kaucewa asarar yawan amfani.

Za a iya girbe waken soya a lokacin da ya kai matakin da ƙwari ba za su addabe shi ba; sanda danshi (yawan ruwa) dake cikinsa ya kai tsakanin kashi 14-16%.

Ayyukan da ake yi bayan tuge waken soya

Bugu da Shiƙa:-

A buge waken soya da hannu ko da injin da zarar ya bushe sosai, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba.
An yarda a yi bugu da hannu a ƙananan gonaki. Wannan ya ƙunshi sanya waken soya a buhu da kuma bugun shi da sanda. Sannan za a sheƙe shi don a fitar da kwayar daga raugar.
Ana iya amfani da inji wanda zai buge ya kuma cire datti cikin sauƙi.

**Hoto Na Bakwai: Amfani Da Injin Casa**

Ajiya

Ana ajiye waken soya ne a lokacin da ruwan da ya kai cikin ƙwayar yake kashi goma 10% ko ƙasa da haka.
Ana iya gane bushewar ƙwayar waken soya ne sanda aka kasa gatsa shi da haƙora ko fasa shi da ‘yan yatsu, don ajiya daga wata 6 zuwa 12 sannan kuma domin dogon ajiya fiye da shekara.
Kada a ajiye waken soya a ƙasa, a sa itace ko katako idan za a ajiye shi a cikin suto ko rumbu.
Kada a jingina shi da bango wajen ajiya.

Danna nan domin dauko cikekken littafin

Domin karatna cikakken bayani a kan Jagoran Noman Masara danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yadda Ake Tuwon Masara danna nan.

22/06/2022

Yadda Ake Noman Wake
Wake muhimmin abinci ne wanda yake da matuƙar amfani a jikin mutane da dabbobi. Akwai manyan kasuwanni da ake sayar da wake, kuma manoma suna sarrafa harawar wake don sayarwa a lokacin rani don samun kuɗin shiga da kimanin kashi ashirin da biyar cikin ɗari (25%).

Danna na domin dauko cikekken littafin

Wake na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da sinadarin takin Nitrogen ga amfanin gona (kamar masara, gero da dawa); idan ana sauya abin da aka shuka bayan damina uku zuwa huɗu da wake ko waken soya, musamman a sauran wurare. Wake baya buƙatar a yawaita masa takin zamani, sabo da sauyi na inganta ƙasar gona. Wannan ƙasida na bayyana mana dabarun noman fari da jan wake da nufin taimakawa masu noman waken don riba.

Hoto na farko: Gonar wake

Gyaran Gona
- Ka yi sassabe da sharar gona kafin damina, sannan in damina ta faɗi, ka yi feshin maganin ciyawa glyphosate (round-up) wanda aka fi sani da Randon adadin lita huɗu (4) a faɗin hecta ɗaya.
- Bayan sati biyu, sai a yi kaftu, ko kuma haro ko a yi huɗa, daga bisani sai a yi shuka.
Gonar da ta dace a Noma Wake
- Lokacin damina, ana iya noman wake a nau’o’in ƙasa masu yawa, amma zai fi kyau a gonakin tudu, wuri mai yashi-yashi kuma mai tsanewa da wuri.
- In kuma da rani ne, za a noma waken, sai a sami gona a kusa da wurin da za a sami isasshen ruwa. (Wato korama ko dam ko rijiya mai ruwa).
Yanayin da Wake yake Buƙata
- Ana iya noman wake a lokacin damina da lokacin rani, muddin akwai yanayin zafi kimanin awa 28-30 a dare da rana a lokacin noman wake.
- Wake yana yabannya mai kyau a wuraren da ake samun ruwan sama da ya kai kamar kimanin ma’aunin 500-1200mm a shekara.
- Amma saboda sabbin irin wake da aka samu, yanzu ana noma wake a wurare masu samun ƙarancin ruwan sama kamar ƙasa da ma’auni 500mm a shekara.
- Wake yana jure fari, kuma ana iya noma shi a gona mai yashi ko kuma saimon gona
Zaɓen Irin Wake don Shuka
- Ka zaɓi irin waken da ya fi dacewa da yanayin gonarka, ana zaɓen irin waken ne bisa la’akari da yawan kwanakin da yake ɗauka a gona kafin ya nuna da kuma yawan buhunan da yake bayarwa a hecta ɗaya, da jure ƙarancin ruwa, da jure wa ƙwari da cututtuka.
- Kuma a yi lakari wajen zaɓen irin wake ta lura da launinsa da kuma girman ƙwayarsa.
Hoto na biyu: Irin da ya dace

Irin da be dace ba

Adadin Irin da Ake Buƙata
- Ka yi amfani da kilo (12-25) sha biyu zuwa ashirin da biyar na irin wake a hecta ɗaya.
- Wannan ya danganta ga kalar irin waken, girman ƙwayar waken da tsarin noman shi
- Ana buƙatar irin wake mai yawa idan waken mai yaɗo ne?
- Ba a buƙatar iri da yawa indai waken mai yaɗo ne.
Wanki da Gyaran Iri don Shuka
- A wanke irin wake kafin shuka, gyara irinka, kafin shuka kuma a yi amfani da maganin wanke iri mai inganci saboda cututtukan dake cikin irin ko cikin ƙasa. Cututtuka da tsuntsaye suna kai hari ga wake kafin ya tsira da bayan ya tsiro.
- Maganin wanke irin ya haɗa da MASHAL 2 percent APRON STAR, ALL STAR, DRESS FORCE SEED PLUS e.t.c. yi amfani da gram 10 domin wanke kilo 2-5 na iri.
- Ka wanke hannunka da kyau da sabulu da ruwa bayan wankin iri da shuka.
Danna na domin dauko cikekken littafin

Shukar Wake:
- A lokacin damina, kada ka yi gaggawar shuka wake don kada ya nuna a tsakiyar damina, kuma kada ka yi jinkiri sosai don gujema matsalar ɗaukewar ruwan sama da wuri.
- Abu mai muhimmanci wadda za ka yi la’akari da shi, shi ne, ka gane lokacin da ruwan saman ya fara da kuma tsawon lokacin da yake ɗaukewa da kuma tsawon lokacin da waken yake ɗauka kafin ya nuna.
- Mafi yawan waken da yake yaɗo da mai girma a tsugune suna lura da faɗuwar rana kafin su fara fure.
Hoto na uku: Zabainar Wake

Hoto na huɗu: Wake cikin Masara

Tazarar Shukar Wake
- Ana shuka wake mai yi a tsugune a tazarar kimanin 50cm a tsakanin kunya da kunya da kuma tazarar kimanin 20cm a tsakanin shuka da shuka. Wake mai yaɗo ana shuka shi a tazarar 75cm tsakanin kunya da kunya, 50cm tsakanin tushen wake zuwa wani tushen.
Zurfin Shukar Wake
- Ana shuka wake a adadin zurfi na 2.5cm zuwa 5cm. Shukar farin wake fiye da zurfi na 5cm zai haifar da jinkiri wajen tsirar sa.
- Idan ya yi zurfi sosai yana iya ruɓewa ko ya tsiro ɗaiɗai.
Adadin Takin da Wake Yake Buƙata
- Noman wake ba ya buƙatar taki mai yawa.
- Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin NPK 15;15;15, kowace hecta ɗaya a sa mata buhun taki biyu a lokacin huɗan gonan ko takin SUPA SSP 30kg bayan shuka.
Magance Ciyawa da Wuta-Wuta
- A nome ciyawa aƙalla sau biyu. Noma na farko makonni biyu bayan shuka, sannan noma na biyu makonni huɗu zuwa biyar bayan shuka.
- A iya amfani da maganin ciyawa wajen magance ciyawa a gonar farin wake
- Wuta-wuta tana kawo illa sosai a gonar wake, takan fita a tushen waken ta dankwafe shi, ta hana shi fitowa ko girma, ganyensa ya rinƙa bushewa, kuma ya daina ‘ya’ya.
- Saboda haka, ya kamata a cire wuta-wuta tun tana ’yar ƙaramar yabanya, kafin ta yi fure kuma yana da kyau a shuka wake mai jure wa wuta-wuta.
Hoto na biyar: Wuta-wuta a gonar wake

Kwarin Wake da Maganinsu
- Matsalar ƙwarin wake su ne babban ƙalubale a kan harkar noman wake a Nijeriya. Ƙwarin sun kasu kashi uku:
Hoton na shida: Tsutsar wake

1. Ƙwari masu lalata ganyen wake kafin fure/huda.

2. Ƙwari masu lalata wake a lokacin fure/huɗa.

3. Ƙwari masu lalata wake bayan ya saki ‘ya’ya.

Dabarun Magance Kwari a Gonar Wake
- Wake yana buƙatar feshi sau biyu ko sau uku ya danganta ga yanayin ɓarnar ƙwari a gonar.
Feshin farko: Ka yi feshin farko a tsakanin kwana talatin (30); ko talatin da biyar (35) bayan shuka lokacin da wake zai fara fure.

Feshi na biyu: Ka yi feshi na biyu kwana goma bayan feshin farko a lokacin da waken yake fure.

Feshi na uku: Ka yi feshi na uku idan ya zama dole, kwana goma da yin feshi; na biyu idan akwai mummunan farmaki daga ƙwarin wake MAIKOT (MARUCA) da kuma ƙwaro mai tsotse kalaben wake.

Roron Wake
- Ka yi roron waken a lokacin da ‘ya’yan waken suka bushe.
- Wake mai zuwa da wuri da kuma wanda baya yaɗo, ana roro sau ɗaya.
- Wake mai yaɗo kamar kanannaɗo a kan yi roro sau biyu ko sau uku.
Hoto na bakwai: Roron Wake

Ajiyar Wake
- Ka ajiye wake a mazubin da iska bata shiga kamar duro ko buhun leda ko jarka
- Ka ajiye tsabar waken ta hanyar jera su a buhu mai leda a ciki ko kuma ta hanyan ninka buhuna uku.
Ajiyar Wake Na Lokaci Mai Tsawo
- Ka yi amfani da maganin ƙwari mai suna samanda gari (Phostoxine). Ka lulluɓe maganin da tsumma ko takarda mai laushi wato (Toilet paper) ƙwaya ɗaya ko biyu sannan ka saka a cikin buhun wake mai nauyin kilo ɗari (100kg).
- Kada ka yi amfani da, ko ka sayar da tsabar waken da aka cuɗanya shi da maganin ajiya har sai bayan wata shida.
- Ka tabbata da tsaftar ma’ajiya, kuma duk sati biyu ka duba ko za a sami wani canji a yanayin ajiyar waken.
Danna na domin dauko cikekken littafin

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Jagoran Noman Shinkafa A Najeriya danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Noma A Najeriya danna nan.
19/06/2022
Jagoran Noman Shinkafa A Nijeriya
Gabatarwa

Shinkafa ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gona mai matuƙar tasiri da kawo kuɗin shiga ga manoma a Nijeriya. Ta samar da ayyukan yi ga mutane sama da miliyan goma sha biyar (15million) a harkar nomanta da kasuwancinta a Nijeriya. Buƙatar shinkafa ƙara bunƙasa take a kowace shekara a Nijeriya.

Danna nan domin dauko cikekken littafin

Hoto na Farko: Yabannyar Shinkafa.

Yanayin da Shinkafa ke Buƙata domin Samun Amfani mai Yawa
- Da rana shinkafa na buƙatar yanayin zafi kimanin ma’aunin digri 30°C
- Amma da daddare shinkafa na buƙatar yanayin zafi kimanin ma’aunin digiri 20°C
- Shinkafa na buƙatar yanayin zafi kimanin ma’aunin digri 16 – 20⁰C lokacin (ɗaukar ciki) da ta sa bunini da ƙwaya.
- Amma tana da buƙatar yanayin zafi kimanin ma’aunin digri 18 zuwa 32⁰C lokacin da ƙwayar ta take nuna.
- Idan ma’aunin yanayin zafi ya wuce kimanin digri 35⁰C to lallai zai shafi saka ƙwayar shinkafa.
Aikace-aikacen Noman Shinkafa

Zaɓan Gona:
- Ita shinkafa ana iya noma ta a kowace irin ƙasa. Manomi ya zaɓi fili shimfiɗaɗɗe, wanda ba tudu ba gangare; sannan ya kasance mai riƙe ruwa kuma da ƙasa mai ƙarfi da kyau.
Hoto na biyu: Gyaran gona da Tantan
- Manomi ya sassaɓe ciyayi da tushe-tushe, ya kwashe su a tsakanin watan Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu; sannan ya yi haro da hannu ko da motar gona wato Tantan (Tarakta) kafin shuka.
Zaɓen Irin Shuka:
- Zaɓi irin da ya dace da gonarka, kuma wanda kasuwa ke buƙata. Idan kana shakka to ka tuntuɓi malamin gona na kusa da kai ko ma’aikatar gona; ko kuma kamfanin iri domin samun irin da ya dace da gonarka, kuma wanda kasuwa ke buƙata.
Hoto na Uku: Iri mai kyau don Shuka

Wankin Iri:
- Wankin Iri na kare shuka daga cututtuka da ƙwari, sannan yana sanya fitar tsiro da kyau. Ana cakuɗa mudu 4 ko kilo hudu (4) na iri da fakiti ɗaya (10g) na Apron Star 50 DS domin wanke iri.
Hoto na Huɗu: Wankanken Irin Shuka na Shinkafa.

Shuka:
- Za a iya noma shinkafa har sau uku cikin shekara guda, kuma a gona ɗaya idan akwai ruwa kamar haka.
- Fabrairu, Maris, Afrilu da Mayu
- Mayu, Yuni, Yuli da Agusta
- Agusta, Satumba, Oktoba da Nuwamba
- A shuka kilo 50-60 a kadaɗa ɗaya idan shukar kai tsaye ce, ko kilo 80 a kadaɗa ɗaya idan yafi za a yi.
- A shuka ƙwayar shinkafa biyar ko shida (5-6) a rami mai zurfin sentimeta biyu zuwa huɗu (2-4cm). Kar ya wuce sentimeta biyar (5cm). Sannan a shuka ta a tazarar sentimeta ashirin da biyar (25cm) tsakanin tushe da tushe da kuma layin shuka zuwa layin shuka.
Hoto na Biyar: Shuka Shinkafa

Hoto na Shida: Dashen Shinkafa
- Idan dashe za a yi: Ana yin dashe bayan kwana 21 da yafi ko kuma sanda ta fara ganye biyu zuwa shida (2-6) na girma.
- A dasa silin tsiro 2-3 a rami a bisa tazarar 20cm tsakanin layi, sannan ko sentimeta sha biyar zuwa ashirin (15-20cm) tsakanin shuka.
Sa Takin Zamani:
- Amfani da takin gargajiya yana da tasiri a gonar shinkafa wajen haɓaka amfani. Shinkafa tana buƙatar sinadarin Nitrogen sosai.
- Ana sa takin kamfa buhu huɗu (4) a kowace hekta bayan kwana 10-14 da shuka ko dashe.
- Ana sa mata urea buhu 2 bayan sati 6 da shuka ko dashe lokacin da za ta fara ƙunsa ciki.
Hoto na Bakwai: Takin Kamfa

Magance Ciyawa:
- Ciron Ciyawa Ko Noma: Yana da mahimmanci manomin shinkafa ya yi noma ko ciron ciyawa a tsakanin sati 2 zuwa 3 bayan shuka ko dashe da kuma kafin ta fara fitar da kai.
- Yadda Ake Amfani Da Maganin Ciyawa A Gonar Shinkafa: Idan manomi zai yi amfani da maganin hana ciyawa fitowa, ya yi amfani da butachlor lita 5 a kowace hecta, amma kar ya wuce kwana biyu da shuka shinkafar ko ya yi amfani da STOM 500e ko OXADIAZON (RONSTAR) lita 3 a hecta 1 wanda ya zaɓa cikin su.
Hoto na Takwas: Feshin maganin Ciyawa

Magance ƘKwari da Cututtuka:
- Ƙwari: Ƙwari da cututtuka da dama suna addabar gonar shinkafa, don haka ya zama dole manomi ya sanya ido; kuma ya ɗauki mataki da zarar ya ga ƙwari ko wata cuta a gonar shinkafarshi. Ta hanyar yin amfani da magunguna da kuma dabarun noma na zamani domin samun amfanin gona mai yawa da kuma kaucewa asara.
Don Cikakkiyar Kariya daga Cututtukan Shinkafa sai:
- A yi amfani da ingantaccen irin shuka.
- A tabbatar da wanke irin kafin shuka.
- A tabbatar da tsabtar gonar.
- Da zarar an ga alamar cuta a tushen shinkafa, tuge ta kafitar daga gonar ka
- A yi amfani da ingantattun magungunan cututtuka da na ƙwari (misali benlate ….)
Girbi
- Shinkafa tana isa girbine idan tsabar tayi ƙarfi; sannan ta canja launi zuwa ruwan ƙwai ko ruwan ƙasa (Yellow/brown) Kimanin kwanaki 30-45 bayan fure. A wannan lokaci lemar dake jikinta ya kai kamar zuwa kasha ashirin da huɗu cikin ɗari (24%).
Hoto na Tara: Shinkafa da tanuna

Hoto na Goma: Yankan Shinkafa

Hoto na Goma sha ɗaya: Bugun Shinkafa

Ajiya a cikin ɗaki ko rumbu
- Ana buƙatar Shinkafar da za a adana ta bushe sosai, ta kai ma’aunin kashi goma cikin ɗari ko ƙasa da haka na laimar dake jikinta.
- Rumbun (Store) ya kasance a tsaftace kuma a bushe kafin a ajiye shinkafar.
- Ana buƙatar wajen ajiya a suto ya kasance kar a ajiye shi kai tsaye a ƙasa, kuma ya kasance an raba shi da ƙasa, a ɗora shi a kan katako ko itace.
- Rumbu ya kasance babu ramukan ɓeraye, sannan kar a jingina shi da bango.
Yawan Amfani da Manomi kan Iya Samu:
- Manoma na samun kimanin buhu (40-60) a gonanakin fadama ko kuma buhu (30-50) a gonakin tudu.
- Amma saboda bunƙasar fasaha ta noman zamani, manoma suna samun kimanin buhu 73 a gonar fadama, da kuma yawan buhuna kimanin 37 a gonakin dake tudu mai faɗin kadaɗa ɗaya.
Danna nan domin dauko cikekken littafin

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Jagoran Noman Waken Soya danna nan.

Domin karanta cikakken bayani a kan Yadda Ake Tuwon Shinkafa danna nan.
02/06/2022