Babahabu49
GABATARWA
Idan ana maganar harshe, to ana magana ne a kan fagen ilimin kimiyyar harshe wanda yake magana a kan yadda ake bin diddigi ko nazarin harshe a kimiyyance don fahimtar ƙa’idojinsa. Kowace al’umma tana da irin nata tsarin ilimin kimiyyar harshe.
MA’ANAR HARSHE
Masana da dama sun tofa al’barkacin bakinsu game da ma’anar harshe ;
Yakasai (2012); “Harshe wata hanya ce ta bayyana kai da kuma hulɗa tsakanin mutane wanda dabbobi ba su da irinta”.
MA’ANAR ILIMIN WALWALAR HARSHE
Yakasai (2012); “Dukkannin abin da ya shafi jama’a ta fannin hulɗa ta rayuwa sannan har za su buɗe baki su yi magana game da wannan abu lallai yana cikin fanni ne na ilimin kimiyyar harshe da ya jiɓanci amfani da harshe a tsarin rayuwar al’umma”.
Idan ana maganar cewa ilimin walwalar harshe ya shafi dukkan tsarin rayuwar al’umma kenan, ya shafi batutuwa da daman a rayuwar ɗanAdam kamar haka;
- Addini
- Siyasa
- Kasuwanci
- Al’ada
- Ilimi
- Tarbiyya da dai sauran su.
MANA’ANAR BUROKA (PIDGIN)
Kamar yadda ƙamusun Oxford ya bayyana ma’anar buroka; “Harshe ne da ya ƙunshi wasu kalmomi da yawa da sassauƙar nahawu wanda ake amfani da shi yayin sadarwa a tsakanin mutane ko al’umma”.
Shi dai wannan salon harshen ya samu ne a sanadiyyar cuɗanya ko harhaɗuwar al’umma mabambanta masu bambancin harshe a wuri ɗaya, a sakamakon hulɗa ta kasuwanci ko ta siyasa ta addini ko al’ada ko ilimi ko kuma tarbiyya ko kuma ta wani abu na daban. A nan gida Nijeriya buroka an fi samunsa ne a wasu yankuna na ƙasar nan kamar kudanci da yammacin ƙasar.
Sannin kowa ne dai buroka na samuwa ne a sanadiyyar cuɗanyar harsuna mabambanta biyu ko fiye da biyu a wuri ɗaya. A nan gida Nijeriya a kwai;
- Inyamurai – masu magana da Ingilishi.
- Yarbawa – masu magana da Ingilishi.
A yayin da waɗannan al’umma suka haɗu a wuri ɗaya don aiwatar da wani al’amari, akan sami rashin fahimta a sanadiyyar bambancin harshe, amma kuma a dalilin harshen Turanci sai a juya a koma ana magana da buroka don samun sauƙi da fahimta.
Misalai; Ana samun buroka a yayin magana, wato a jimlace
Daidaitaccen Turanci Buroka
What is your name? Weytin be your name?
Tell him the story Tellem the tory/ yanam the tory.
How are you? How you dey? How una dey?
Come and eat Make you come chop.
Come and sit down Make you come sit down
I’m in school I dey for sku
Go and pick the pen Make you pikam
I want to go the market I wan go market
Let me take the dirnk I wan drink wota
Do not be angry please I beg make you no ves
She want to eat She won eat.
What are you saying ? Weytin you dey tok.
Were are you going? Wia you won go.
She traveld to Abia She don go Abia.
I’m hungry. Hunger dey waya me.
Sai kuma ɓangaren ɗaiɗaikun kalmomi
Daidaitaccen Turanci Buroka
Water wota
What weytin
Eat Chop
People una
Story Tory
Stupid Mumu
Mental Kolo
MUHALLIN DA AKE AMFANI DA BUROKA
Akwai wurare da ake samun buroka kamar ;
- Kasuwanni
- Yanar gizo
- Kafafen sadarwa
- Barikin soja/ ‘yan sanda
ALFANUN BUROKA
Shi wannan salon harshen yana da wasu alfanu da yake ba wa al’umma wajen gudanar da rayuwarsu;
- Sauƙin fahimta
- Saurin samar da kalma
- Sauƙin furuci
- Saurin isar da saƙo
RASHIN ALFANUNSA
Baya ga alfanun wannan salon harshe, akwai kuma wasu naƙasu da yake haifarwa ga al’umma, sun haɗa da;
- Gurɓata gangariyar harshen Turanci/ Ingilishi
- A wani lokaci yakan ɓatar da Kalmar asali mai muhimmanci.
KAMMALAWA
Duba da bayanan da suka game da ma’anar harshe da kuma ilimin walwalar harshe, tare kuma da kawo ma’ana da bayani a kan buroka mun fahimci abin da buroka ke nufi. Aikin bai tsaya a nan ba sai da ya kawo gurabe da alfanu da kuma rashin al’fanun buroka.
MANAZARTA
Hornby A.S, (2015) Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Of Current English 9th Edition. Oxford University Press. OUP.
Yakasai (2012), Jagoran Ilimin Walwalar Harshe. Garkuwa Media Services LTD Sokoto Nigeria.
Karanta Mai Maɗi Ke Talla (Mai Zuma Gida Ake Tad Da Shi)
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
