Tarihin Kafuwar Kuwait, Gwagwarmayar Ɗorewarta da Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziƙinta
1. Asalin Kafuwar Kuwait
Kuwait ƙasa ce ƙarama a gabar Tekun Fasha (Persian Gulf). A ƙarshen ƙarni na 17 da farkon ƙarni na 18, ƙabilar Bani Utub daga Najd ta yi hijira zuwa yankin, inda suka kafa wani gari da ake kira Kuwait.
A shekarar 1756, aka zaɓi Sabah bin Jaber a matsayin shugaba na farko, wanda ya kafa gidan sarauta na Al-Sabah. Wannan tsarin mulki ya cigaba har zuwa yau. A farkon lokaci, tattalin arzikin Kuwait ya dogara da cinikayya, kamun kifaye, da haƙo lu’u-lu’u (pearling).
2. Dangantaka da Birtaniya da Kariya (ƙarni na 19 – 1961)
A 1899, Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah (Mubarak the Great) ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya da Birtaniya (Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement). Wannan ya sanya Birtaniya ta kula da harkokin waje da tsaro, yayin da gidan Al-Sabah ya ci gaba da mulki a cikin gida.
Wannan kariya ta kare Kuwait daga mamayar Usmaniyya da makwabta, amma ta rage mata cikakken ’yanci har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20.
3. Samun ’Yanci da Tsarin Mulki (1961–1962)
A 19 ga Yuni, 1961, Kuwait ta sami ’yancin kai daga Birtaniya. Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah (Father of the Constitution) ya jagoranci kafa kundin tsarin mulki a 1962, wanda ya samar da Majalisar Dokoki (National Assembly) – ɗaya daga cikin na farko a yankin Larabawa.
4. Gano Mai da Juyin Tattalin Arziƙi
An gano filin Burgan a 1938 – ɗaya daga cikin manyan filayen mai a duniya. Bayan fitar da mai cikin kasuwanci daga 1946, tattalin arzikin Kuwait ya sauya gaba ɗaya:
Gina tituna, gidaje, asibitoci, da makarantu.
Samar da ayyukan gwamnati da walwala.
A 1960, Kuwait ta shiga cikin OPEC tare da sauran ƙasashen masu mai.
5. Mamayar Iraƙi da Yaƙin Gulf (1990–1991)
A 2 ga Agusta, 1990, Saddam Hussein ya mamaye Kuwait yana iƙirarin cewa ƙasar tana cikin Iraƙi. Wannan ya haifar da Yakin Gulf (Operation Desert Storm, 1991), inda haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen duniya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Amurka suka fatattaki sojojin Iraƙi.
Illolin Mamayar:
- Ƙonewar rijiya 700 na mai, gurɓacewar muhalli, da asarar arziƙi.
- Kwace kuɗaɗen baitulmali da lalata ababen more rayuwa.
- Bayan yaƙi, Kuwait ta fara sake gina tattalin arziki da gyara kayan more rayuwa.
6. Sake Gina Tattalin Arziƙi da Vision 2035
Bayan yaƙin, Kuwait ta ƙarfafa Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA), ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin asusun saka jari na gwamnati a duniya. Wannan ya taimaka wajen kare tattalin arziƙi daga dogaro da mai kawai.
A 2017, aka ƙaddamar da Vision 2035 – “New Kuwait” domin rage dogaro da mai, haɓaka sashen ilimi, kiwon lafiya, da kasuwanci. Babban shirin gine-gine: Silk City (Madinat al-Hareer) da Jabr Al-Ahmad Bridge.
7. Tsarin Kuɗi da Darajar Kuwaiti Dinar
A lokacin ’yanci (1961), Kuwait ta ƙaddamar da Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD), wanda ya maye gurbin Gulf Rupee.
Dinar ɗin ya samu ƙarfi saboda:
1. Arziƙin mai mai yawa.
2. Ƙananan bashi na gwamnati.
3. Tsarin kuɗi mai tsauri (currency peg to basket of currencies).
4. Babban asusun saka jari a waje (KIA).
5. Ƙarancin jama’a idan aka kwatanta da kuɗin shiga.
Jadawalin Kuɗaɗen Duniya (2025)
Kudi = Daraja a USD (kimanta)
- Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD) ≈ 3.25 USD
- Bahraini Dinar (BHD) ≈ 2.65 USD
- Omani Rial (OMR) ≈ 2.60 USD
- Jordanian Dinar (JOD) ≈ 1.41 USD
- British Pound (GBP) ≈ 1.27 USD
- Euro (EUR) ≈ 1.09 USD
- US Dollar (USD) 1.00 USD
- Saudi Riyal (SAR) ≈ 0.27 USD
Kuwaiti Dinar shi ne kudin da ya fi kowanne daraja a duniya a yau (2025).
Kammalawa
Kuwait ta tashi daga ƙaramin gari na kamun kifi da haƙo lu’ulu’u zuwa ƙasa mai arziƙin man fetur, daga nan kuma ta zama cibiyar siyasa da kuɗi a Gulf. Duk da mamayar Iraƙi da ƙalubale na dogaro da mai, ƙasar ta sake farfaɗo, ta kafa asusun saka jari na duniya, kuma a yau tana kan tafarkin bambance hanyoyin arziƙi ta hanyar Vision 2035.
Alamar nasarar tattalin arziƙinta ita ce Kuwaiti Dinar – kuɗin da ya fi kowanne daraja a duniya.
Karanta Gudunmawar Sarki Abdulazeez Da Birtaniya Wajen Kafa Ƙasar Saudi Arabia
Edita@rumasau-kallamu
